首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
为了探索联合接种甲乙肝疫苗、实验性甲乙肝联合疫苗免疫恒河猴的安全性及免疫原性。实验中挑选了甲肝抗体阴性,乙肝两对半阴性,肝功能指标正常的健康恒河猴24只,随机分为10组。混合或分别接种,进行不同毒株的甲肝灭活疫苗与不同厂家的乙肝疫苗的配对效果比较。并接种了实验性甲乙肝联合疫苗;史克甲乙肝联合疫苗试验组。设甲肝单价灭活疫苗L8株、深圳乙肝单价疫苗作为对照。免疫方案0、4、24w。每只恒河猴接种lml。接种3d内,每天观察动物有无不良反应。接种1针和2针后4w内,每2w采集空腹静脉血,以后每4w采血1次检测抗HAV、抗HBs、ALT、AST直至40w。接种疫苗后4、8、24、28w穿刺肝组织做病理学检查。结果显示接种疫苗后3d内,所有恒河猴均无不良反应。ALT、AST无异常升高。4、8、24、28w肝组织无特殊病理改变。注射2针后4w,除3组外,其余各组抗HAV及抗HBs均阳转。3组抗HAV阳转时间迟至12w。全程免疫后12w(即40w),抗HAVGMT为258.75~37489.50mIU/ml;抗HBsGMT为8263.68~60008.064mIU/ml。甲乙肝疫苗联合免疫及实验性的甲乙肝联合疫苗接种恒河猴安全性及免疫原性均良好。  相似文献   

2.
将甲肝患者粪便中分离的甲型肝炎病毒在Vero细胞中进行适应性培养 ,选育高滴度适应株应用于甲肝灭活疫苗研究。在Vero细胞上连续传代 ,测抗原滴度和感染性滴度 ,满意后按WHO推荐的甲型肝炎灭活疫苗规程进行灭活疫苗试制研究。经Vero细胞 14次适应性传代后 ,病毒抗原滴度可高达 1∶2 5 6 0 ,感染性滴度为 8.2 3LogC CID50 /ml。试制的灭活疫苗HPSEC检测在 2 80nm时仅有一个高峰 ,SDS PAGE电泳 ,在 2 2kD、2 6kD和 33kD处有三条蛋白带 ,和HAVVP3、VP2和VP1的位置相同。ICR小鼠效力试验表明疫苗剂量 16 0 0EU/ml与Merck疫苗5 0U效果相似。通过研究获得了Vero细胞甲肝病毒适应株YN5株 ,初步证明可作为甲型肝炎灭活疫苗的候选毒株。  相似文献   

3.
人类甲型肝炎动物模型(狨猴)的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文报道以不同剂量的不同HAV毒株,经静脉和胃肠道分别接种普通狨猴和白须狨猴后,其血清ALT、AsT和LDH活性均见升高。对酶活性比接种前增加,大于十3SD值的6只狨猴作肝活组织检查,见有与急性病毒肝炎相一致的组织病理变化。此外,用免疫电镜法检出狨猴粪便中HAV颗粒,狨猴接种HAV后36天,血清IgM类和总抗HAV抗体均阳转。上述结果提示,普通狨猴有可能作为研究甲型肝炎的理想动物模型。  相似文献   

4.
同批次细胞基质收获甲肝和麻疹病毒制备联合疫苗的方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用同一批次细胞基质收获甲肝和麻疹病毒.应用甲肝L-A-1株和麻疹D3T11株,间隔3周先后感染同一批次人胚肺二倍体细胞2BS株,待两种病毒同时达到增殖高峰期时收获病毒液(以下简称HAM).对HAM分别进行病毒滴定、特异性检查、猴体安全性和免疫效果试验.结果显示,HAM的甲肝和麻疹病毒滴度与同批单价甲肝和麻疹疫苗病毒滴度,差异均无显著意义.该方法用于制备甲肝-麻疹联合疫苗,省时省力,操作简便,并可显著降低疫苗生产成本.  相似文献   

5.
灭活甲型肝炎疫苗的进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
直至90年代被批准在人群中使用的甲肝灭活疫苗是提供预防甲肝的新制品,通过人群使用证明其免疫原性高,身体反应性低,人群保护效力明显;顷已批量生产,批准使用的国家日益增多;可用以代替使用免疫球蛋白所提供的被动预防甲肝的免疫效果,但此种疫苗生产工艺操作复杂,价格昂贵,当前多用至由甲肝非流行区要到流行区的易感旅行者,当然亦可用于流行区的易感儿童。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨细胞培养/链特异性RT-PCR方法可否作为甲型肝炎(甲肝)灭活疫苗(L-A-1减毒株)的病毒灭活验证试验方法。方法根据甲肝病毒(HAV)L-A-1株基因组序列,设计5条基因特异性引物,提取HAV基因组RNA,应用设计的正向引物进行反转录,再进行两轮PCR扩增,通过检测HAV复制过程中的负链中间体,对甲肝灭活疫苗灭活验证试验方法进行探讨,并与《中华人民共和国药典》甲肝灭活疫苗HAV灭活验证试验方法进行比较。结果细胞培养/链特异性RT-PCR方法对HAV负链RNA特异、敏感。通过方法学验证试验表明,该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性均良好。利用此方法对5批甲肝灭活疫苗(L-A-1减毒株)进行检测,结果全为阴性,与《中华人民共和国药典》甲肝灭活疫苗HAV灭活验证试验测定结果相同。结论细胞培养/链特异性RT-PCR方法快速、灵敏可靠,可作为检测甲肝灭活疫苗(L-A-1减毒株)HAV灭活验证试验的方法。  相似文献   

7.
针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome,PRRS),主要以疫苗预防为主.常规疫苗主要有灭活疫苗和弱毒疫苗,但前者的免疫原性差,保护效果不佳;后者又发现存在毒力返强的可能性,安全性低的问题.目前学者们主要集中在对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRS virus,PRRSV)基因工程疫苗进行研究.本文就PRRS的灭活疫苗、弱毒疫苗和基因工程疫苗的研究进展做详细的阐述.  相似文献   

8.
白髭狨猴(Saguinus mystax)是南美洲的一种小型灵长类的野生动物,寄生虫感染很普遍, 我们在进行甲肝病毒实验研究前对死亡的两只狨核进行了尸体解剖,分别在肝、肺组织内发现一种国内未见报道的寄生虫,经大体和组织病理学观寮,确认属于蛇舌形虫目(Porocephaloida)的若虫。 该虫对宿主反应一般不引起严重的组织损伤,被检肝舌形虫若虫一例结果相符,而肺部一例,则引起肺血管严重出血,致使动物窒息死亡。所以认为虫体对宿主的反应是复杂的,在某种条件下对宿主能产生严重影响,因此探索冶疗和驱虫的方法,对保证狨猴的健康和实验工作的顺利进行是值得重视和研究的课题。  相似文献   

9.
棉顶狨猴(Cotton-top tamarin;Saguinus oedipus oedipus:以下简称棉狨)产于南美哥伦比亚,是珍稀濒危(犭胥)狨猴的一种。狨猴体型小,易于实验室笼养,是肿瘤、心血管病、肝炎、计划生育等研究中较为理想的模型动物。近年来,建立实验室狨猴繁殖群已在国内外引起重视。1988年7月,本所从英国引进6只(3雌3雄)育龄棉狨,计划由此建立实验室繁殖群落。经半年余适应性饲养管理,目前个个健康活泼,3只雌猴均有妊娠迹象。现将基本情况报告于后。  相似文献   

10.
冻干甲型肝炎减毒活疫苗的研制   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
研制冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗,提高疫苗的稳定性,便于保存及运输,保证疫苗的接种效果.采用CA-9冻干保护剂,按13.5的比例加入疫苗,制备冻干疫苗.冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗具有与液体疫苗相同的安全性及免疫原性.在2~8℃保存的有效期较液体疫苗的3~5个月提高到18个月.在室温和37℃保存的稳定性也明显提高.冻干甲肝减毒活疫苗的稳定性良好,无需低温保存、冷链运输,便于甲肝疫苗的大规模推广应用.  相似文献   

11.
为了观察冻干甲型肝炎-腮腺炎联合疫苗免疫恒河猴后的安全性及免疫原性,用静脉注射和丘脑注射的方式接种疫苗,观察恒河猴的临床症状、体征、生化、免疫学反应以及脑和肝组织的病理变化。结果未见临床症状和体征的异常改变,ALT正常,抗-HAV、抗流行性腮腺炎病毒的抗体在观察期内持续阳性,脑组织和肝组织无病毒性肝炎和腮腺炎病毒引起的病理性改变。因此该冻干甲型肝炎堋;腺炎联合疫苗抗原问无干扰,具有良好的安全性及免疫原性。  相似文献   

12.
Attenuated recombinant H5N1 influenza virus was constructed to develop a safe H5N1 influenza vaccine. The immunogenicity and protective effect of the vaccine prepared from haemagglutinin-modified recombinant H5N1 influenza virus was evaluated in mice intranasally co-administered with cholera toxin B subunit containing a trace amount of holotoxin (CTB*), synthetic double-stranded RNA, poly (I:C) or chitin microparticles (CMP) as adjuvants. Intranasal administration of recombinant H5 HA split vaccine with CTB* or poly(I:C) and/or CMP elicited an immunological response with both anti-H5 HA IgA in the nasal wash and anti-H5 HA IgG antibody in the serum, and showed a protective against lethal H5N1 A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK483) infection. We also demonstrated that intranasal co-administration of antigen with both poly (I:C) and CMP enhanced the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, TLR7 in the spleen. These results indicate that poly (I:C) and CMP are highly effective as mucosal adjuvants for use with the nasal H5N1 vaccine.  相似文献   

13.

Background

Serum antibody responses in humans to inactivated influenza A (H5N1), (H9N2) and A (H7) vaccines have been varied but frequently low, particularly for subunit vaccines without adjuvant despite hemagglutinin (HA) concentrations expected to induce good responses.

Design

To help understand the low responses to subunit vaccines, we evaluated influenza A (H5N1), (H9N2), (H7N7) vaccines and 2009 pandemic (H1N1) vaccines for antigen uptake, processing and presentation by dendritic cells to T cells, conformation of vaccine HA in antibody binding assays and gel analyses, HA titers with different red blood cells, and vaccine morphology in electron micrographs (EM).

Results

Antigen uptake, processing and presentation of H5, H7, H9 and H1 vaccine preparations evaluated in humans appeared normal. No differences were detected in antibody interactions with vaccine and matched virus; although H7 trimer was not detected in western blots, no abnormalities in the conformation of the HA antigens were identified. The lowest HA titers for the vaccines were <1∶4 for the H7 vaccine and 1∶661 for an H9 vaccine; these vaccines induced the fewest antibody responses. A (H1N1) vaccines were the most immunogenic in humans; intact virus and virus pieces were prominent in EM. A good immunogenic A (H9N2) vaccine contained primarily particles of viral membrane with external HA and NA. A (H5N1) vaccines intermediate in immunogenicity were mostly indistinct structural units with stellates; the least immunogenic A (H7N7) vaccine contained mostly small 5 to 20 nm structures.

Summary

Antigen uptake, processing and presentation to human T cells and conformation of the HA appeared normal for each inactivated influenza A vaccine. Low HA titer was associated with low immunogenicity and presence of particles or split virus pieces was associated with higher immunogenicity.  相似文献   

14.
Aeromonas hydrophila is a fish pathogen causing systemic infections in aquatic environments, and determining its antigenic proteins is important for vaccine development to reduce economic losses in aquaculture worldwide. Here, an immunoproteomic approach was used to identify immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the Chinese vaccine strain J-1 using convalescent sera from Chinese breams. Seven unique immunogenic proteins were identified by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF-MS). One protein of interest, Omp38, was expressed, and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in Chinese breams. The two groups of fish immunized with the inactivated vaccine and recombinant Omp38 protein showed significant serum IgM antibody levels after vaccination, compared with the fish injected with PBS buffer. In addition, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lysozyme (LSZ) activity and phagocytosis activity of head kidney lymphocytes of immunized groups were significantly higher than those of the control. The fish receiving inactivated vaccine and recombinant Omp38 protein developed a protective response to a live A. hydrophila challenge 45 days post-immunization, as demonstrated by increased survival of vaccinated fish over the control and by decreased histological alterations in vaccinated fish. Furthermore, protective effect was better in Omp38 group than in the inactivated vaccine group. These results suggest that the recombinant Omp38 protein could effectively stimulate both specific and non-specific immune responses and protect against A. hydrophila infection. Therefore, Omp38 may be developed as a potential vaccine candidate against A. hydrophila infection.  相似文献   

15.
Probability-based surveys of the application of chitosan succinate as an adjuvant added to the vaccine against animal necrobacteriosis have been performed. The addition of 3.7% chitosan succinate (MM 330 kDa) to the standard-dose vaccine formulation could contribute to improvement of the vaccine immunogenicity, as measured by the hemagglutination test (HA): 1 : 512 as compared to 1 : 128 in the control range. The use of 0.5-% chitosan succinate solution as a protective medium for drying in the production of a dried inactivated vaccine against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis could ensure the preservation of the biopreparation’s high immunogenic activity. Chitosan succinate was shown to have quite good solubility in water, allowing the possible use of saline solution to reconstitute the vaccine into the suspension for injection and to abandon expensive solvents.  相似文献   

16.
The mucosal adjuvant effect of synthetic double-stranded RNA polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] against influenza virus was examined under intranasal coadministration with inactivated hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine in BALB/c mice and was shown to have a protective effect against both nasal-restricted infection and lethal lung infection. Intranasal administration of vaccine from PR8 (H1N1) with poly(I:C) induced a high anti-HA immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in the nasal wash and IgG antibody response in the serum, while vaccination without poly(I:C) induced little response. Intracerebral injection confirmed the safety of poly(I:C). In addition, we demonstrated that administration of poly(I:C) with either A/Beijing (H1N1) or A/Yamagata (H1N1) vaccine conferred complete protection against PR8 challenge in this mouse nasal infection model, suggesting that poly(I:C) possessed cross-protection ability against variant viruses. To investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of poly(I:C), mRNA levels of Toll-like receptors and cytokines were examined in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue after vaccination or virus challenge. Intranasal administration of HA vaccine with poly(I:C) up-regulated expression of Toll-like receptor 3 and alpha/beta interferons as well as Th1- and Th2-related cytokines. We propose that poly(I:C) is a new effective intranasal adjuvant for influenza virus vaccine.  相似文献   

17.
Two serological tests--single radial hemolysis (RSH) and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) were used to evaluate the different techniques (intranasal, intradermal and combined methods) of application of inactivated influenza vaccines. When seroconversion to hemagglutinin (HA) was determined sensitivity of SRH proved to be higher as compared with HI by 6.7-41.4%. This test has also shown that the frequency of the seroconversion to HA was 2.1-5.6 times higher than that to neuraminidase (NA). It is important to standardize both HA and NA components in the influenza vaccine. It is interesting to study the local and cell immunity after intranasal inoculation of influenza vaccine because of the low postvaccinal level of serum antibodies and in connection with some publications concerning the protective role of this immunization method.  相似文献   

18.
Suguitan AL  Cheng X  Wang W  Wang S  Jin H  Lu S 《PloS one》2011,6(7):e21942
Priming immunization plays a key role in protecting individuals or populations to influenza viruses that are novel to humans. To identify the most promising vaccine priming strategy, we have evaluated different prime-boost regimens using inactivated, DNA and live attenuated vaccines in ferrets. Live attenuated influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) candidate vaccine (LAIV, VN04 ca) primed ferrets efficiently while inactivated H5N1 vaccine could not prime the immune response in seronegative ferrets unless an adjuvant was used. However, the H5 HA DNA vaccine alone was as successful as an adjuvanted inactivated VN04 vaccine in priming the immune response to VN04 ca virus. The serum antibody titers of ferrets primed with H5 HA DNA followed by intranasal vaccination of VN04 ca virus were comparable to that induced by two doses of VN04 ca virus. Both LAIV-LAIV and DNA-LAIV vaccine regimens could induce antibody responses that cross-neutralized antigenically distinct H5N1 virus isolates including A/HongKong/213/2003 (HK03) and prevented nasal infection of HK03 vaccine virus. Thus, H5 HA DNA vaccination may offer an alternative option for pandemic preparedness.  相似文献   

19.
We have previously demonstrated that the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen fused to flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium fljB (STF2, a TLR5 ligand) elicits protective immunity to H1N1 and H5N1 lethal influenza infections in mice (Song et al., 2008, PLoS ONE 3, e2257; Song et al., 2009, Vaccine 27, 5875–5888). These fusion proteins can be efficiently and economically manufactured in E. coli fermentation systems as next generation pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines. Here we report immunogenicity and efficacy results of three vaccine candidates in which the HA globular head of A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) was fused to STF2 at the C-terminus (STF2.HA1), in replace of domain 3 (STF2R3.HA1), or in both positions (STF2R3.2xHA1). For all three vaccines, two subcutaneous immunizations of BALB/c mice with doses of either 0.3 or 3 µg elicit robust neutralizing (HAI) antibodies, that lead to > = 2 Log10 unit reduction in day 4 lung virus titer and full protection against a lethal A/California/04/2009 challenge. Vaccination with doses as low as 0.03 µg results in partial to full protection. Each candidate, particularly the STF2R3.HA1 and STF2R3.2xHA1 candidates, elicits robust neutralizing antibody responses that last for at least 8 months. The STF2R3.HA1 candidate, which was intermediately protective in the challenge models, is more immunogenic than the H1N1 components of two commercially available trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (TIVs) in mice. Taken together, the results demonstrate that all three vaccine candidates are highly immunogenic and efficacious in mice, and that the STF2R3.2xHA1 format is the most effective candidate vaccine format.  相似文献   

20.
In four experiments performed to study the pathology of vitamin E-deficiency in pigs (Nafstad & Tollersrud 1970) serum enzyme determinations were carried out in order to obtain some information about the development of the deficiency syndrome. The enzymes determined were aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT = GOT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT = GPT), isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Blood samples were taken every second week during the experiments, which lasted for three to four months each and included a total number of 112 animals. At death or slaughter organs were removed in two experiments for determination of tissue homogenate transferase activity. A good correlation was shown to exist between the levels of serum enzyme activity and the frequency of pathological changes found at necropsy. Vitamin E-supplemented pigs showed enzyme values within normal ranges, whereas animals supplemented with selenium or amino acids and non-supplemented lots showed increased levels. To a certain extent differential diagnoses between the organs most affected could also be made on the basis of the enzyme values, though the complex nature of the deficiency syndrome in some cases rendered this more hypothetical. Gastric ulcers gave no elevation of serum enzyme activity. An inverse correlation was found between transferase activity in serum and tissue homogenates. Vitamin E-deficient pigs with high serum values yielded lower tissue enzyme activity than animals in the corresponding supplemented lots. Pigs fed the highest dietary protein levels showed the highest tissue transferase activity. This was most marked for liver homogenates.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号