杭州石荠苎和石香薷的遗传多样性研究

杭州石荠苎分布于华东沿海少数地区,石香薷则分布于长江以南的广大地区。采用淀粉凝胶电泳方法,分析了１５个酶系统,获得２８个位点的资料。分析结果表明,杭州石荠苎和石香薷均具较低的遗传多样性水平。杭州石荠苎常用的遗传多样性指标为Ａ＝１．２５,Ｐ＝２１．４３％,Ｈｅ＝０．０８２,Ｈｔ＝０．１０１４;石香薷为Ａ＝１．１０,Ｐ＝９．５２％,Ｈｅ＝０．０２１,Ｈｔ＝０．０４５０。在有限的遗传多样性中,杭州石荠苎的遗传多样性主要存在于居群之内（Ｇｓｔ＝０．２２１９）,石香薷的遗传多样性主要存在于居群之间（Ｇｓｔ＝０．５５３３）。石香薷维持更低的遗传多样性是受该种繁育系统类型和进化历史的制约。分析了同工酶多样性和形态多样性的关系,并根据杭州石荠苎的遗传多样性分布式样提出了杭州石荠苎遗传多样性保护的策略。     

杭州石荠苎和石香薷（唇形科）的传粉生物学比较研究

杭州石荠苎（ＭｏｓｌａｈａｎｇｃｈｏｕｅｎｓｉｓＭａｔｓｕｄａｓ）和石香薷（Ｍ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓＭａｘｉｍ．）是一对种对,前零星分布于浙江,后广布于长江流域以南地区。杭州石荠苎以异花传粉为主,花粉／胚珠（Ｐ／Ｏ）为７５６＝－６１６３;石香薷以自花传粉为主,Ｐ／Ｏ＝１１０。     

小麦族下Hystrix longearistata和Hystrix duthiei的生物系统学研究

对Hystrix duthiei、H．longearistata和它们的人工种间杂种花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对行 为、繁育特征和形态特征进行了比较分析,结果表明：(1)这两个分类单位形态差异较小,H．longearista－ ta的外稃芒较长,叶片较宽,每小穗具2--3个小花;H．duthiei的外稃芒较短,叶片较窄,每小穗具1～2 个小花。(2)它们很容易杂交,杂种F_l染色体配对频率很高,为13～14个二价体。(3)亲本种花粉育 性和结实性正常,杂种F_l花粉育性较低,结实性较差。(4)H．longearistata和H．duthiei亲缘关系很 近,是同一物种。由于地理分布和生境的差异,使它们在形态上开始分异,并出现一定程度的生殖隔离。把H．longearistata处理为Hystrix duthiei的一亚种是合理的。     

唇形科益母草等7种植物果实化学成分分析及形态特征

益母草、白花益母草、紫苏、野紫苏、小鱼仙草、石荠苎和细风轮菜系唇形科常见的药用植物。常生于路旁、沟边及空旷草地 ,民间也有广泛栽培。分布于广东、广西、湖南、湖北、云南、贵州、浙江、安徽、福建等省区。益母草、白花益母草民间全草入药 ,有活血调经、去痰生津的功效 ,果实称茺蔚子。用于月经不调 ,产后子宫出血及复位不全等症 [14 ]。野紫苏和紫苏的果实有镇咳、平喘和祛痰的功效 ,用于治疗咳嗽气喘、肠热便秘等症 [3 ] 。小鱼仙草用于治疗感冒头痛 ,胃炎 ,肾积水等症。石荠苎全草入药 ,用于治疗胃炎 ,慢性气管炎和肺积水等症[1] …     

杭州石荠苎(Mosla hangchowensis)种群密度制约实验的统计分析

本文研究了我国特有、分布区极狭窄的一年生草本植物——杭州石荠苎(Mosla hangchowensis)种群的密度制约规律。结果表明：在生长季内,种群的死亡率与密度密切相关。种群的最适密度为200～1000株/m²左右。不同密度种群的平均株高、开花数等性状随时间的动态关系均符合“logistic”模型。高密度种群中60%左右的个体能完成生活史;低密度种群中80%以上的个体能完成生活史。种群密度较高制约杭州石荠苎的植株形态和繁殖投资。     

)种群密度制约实验的统计分析

本文研究了我国特有、分布区极狭窄的一年生草本植物——杭州石荠苎(Mosla hangchowensis)种群的密度制约规律。结果表明：在生长季内,种群的死亡率与密度密切相关。种群的最适密度为200～1000株/m²左右。不同密度种群的平均株高、开花数等性状随时间的动态关系均符合“logistic”模型。高密度种群中60%左右的个体能完成生活史;低密度种群中80%以上的个体能完成生活史。种群密度较高制约杭州石荠苎的植株形态和繁殖投资。     

杭州石荠苎种子萌发的生理生态学研究

本文研究了我国特有的、分布区极狭窄的１年生草本植物－杭州石荠苎种子萌发的生理生态学特性。结果表明：杭州石荠苎种子冬天休眠,早春开始萌发;萌发的温度范围是１０￣３５℃,２０℃时萌发率最高,因此其萌发的季节仅限于春季;变温处理的萌发率不高于恒温处理;全日照和黑暗条件使萌发率比最适条件的萌发率降低３６％;水选上层种子的萌发率仅为７％,水选下层种子萌发率可达６０％,但水选下层种子在全部种子中仅占３２．６％     

石荠芋属植物花粉和果实形态招描电镜比较观察

杭州养芋Moslaha。;gch。ens。Matsuda．、苏州养芋M．s。chowe;;s。sMatsuda．、长穗养芋M．人mg冲上（C．Y．wu）C．Y．wuelM．w．L1．、长苞谷芋M．b,。e币r。cce。I。（C·Y·＊ue【比u。川C·Y·＊uetH．W．Li．、石养芋M．scalva（Thunb．）C．Y．WuH．W．Li．和小鱼     

小鱼仙草

小鱼仙草（Ｍｏｓｌａｄｉ ａｎｔｈｅｒａ）又称小本土荆芥、山苏麻 ,为唇形科石荠属一年生草本植物。茎四棱形 ;叶卵状披针形或菱状披针形 ,具凹陷的腺点 ;总状花序生于茎和枝的顶端 ,花冠二唇形 ,淡紫色 ,花萼也呈二唇形 ;小坚果褐色 ,卵状椭圆形或近球形。花期５—１１月     

石香薷（唇形科）的胚胎学研究

石香薷(Mosla chinensis Buch.-Ham.ex Maxim.)花药壁发育属双子叶型。花药具4个小孢子囊;腺质绒毡层,细胞具2～4核,有3至数个核仁;初生造孢细胞直接行小孢子母细胞的功能,在小孢子囊中成单列。花粉母细胞减数分裂后胞质分裂为同时型;小孢子四分体呈四面体形,也有左右对称形,成熟花粉具2细胞。胚珠倒生,单珠被,薄珠心,大孢子四分体线形排列,功能性大孢子位于合点端,少数为合点端第二个细胞。胚囊发育属蓼型,珠孔区近卵圆形,比合点区稍短,合点区较狭窄。胚胎发生属柳叶菜型。细胞型胚乳,珠孔吸器为单孢3核,合点吸器为单孢2核。种子无胚乳,种皮由珠被发育。石香薷雌雄配子体的发育、胚胎发生及胚乳形成,与紫苏属的Perilla ocimoides几乎完全一致。不同点仅在于石香薷在2-细胞花粉时,药室内壁细胞切向伸长,壁尚未发生纤维状加厚(P.ocimoides药室内壁细胞径向伸长,胞壁纤维状加厚),珠孔吸器为单孢3核(P.ocimoides为单孢4核)。胚胎学显示石荠苎属与紫苏属有密切的亲缘关系。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals

Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed.