滇南红厚壳种子的脱水敏感性及其影响萌发的因子

滇南红厚壳(Colophyllum polyanthum Wall.ex Choisy)种子的千粒重约为4700g,脱落时种子的含水量为45％(鲜重),其存活率对脱水高度敏感;当种子含水量降至30％以下时,存活率迅速下降;种子存活率的半致死含水量约为23％;可以认为它是一种典型的顽拗性种子。含水量为45％的种子,在20--30℃的范围内,随着温度的升高种子萌发50％所需要的时间缩短;高于和低于这个温度范围(如15℃,30℃),种子的萌发率均下降;变温处理有利于提高种子的萌发率和萌发速率。除去种皮和切除部分子叶能提高种子的萌发率、萌发速率,以及种子萌发后的早期幼苗生长量。光照明显地促进整粒种子的萌发,但对除去种皮的种子、具有1／2子叶的种子、以及胚轴的萌发没有影响。     

温度和硬实对金花菜种子萌发的影响

为科学指导金花菜的田间生产,以不同来源的5份金花菜(Medicago polymorpha L.)种子为试验材料,研究其在不同温度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40℃)下和破除种皮后的萌发情况。结果表明:海门、扬中、江都金花菜种子萌发率在20℃左右达到最大值,分别是43%、60%、59%。海安金花菜种子在25℃下萌发率最高,为24%;温岭金花菜种子则在15℃和25℃下萌发率达最高,均为22%。40℃时金花菜种子均无法萌发。金花菜的种皮硬实是限制其萌发的重要因素。不同来源金花菜种子的硬实情况差异较大,海安、海门、扬中、江都、温岭等金花菜种子硬实率分别为84.67%、50.83%、40.50%、37.67%、67.67%。破除种皮硬实可明显提高金花菜种子的萌发率。     

种皮和环境温度对橡胶树种子萌发的影响

在人工气候箱控制的条件下,研究了种皮和环境温度对橡胶树(Hevea brasiliensis)种子萌发的影响.结果表明,种皮对橡胶树种子的吸水和萌发具有明显的机械限制作用;去除种皮后种子萌发速率加快,萌发指数增大,但萌发率从83.8%下降到47.8%,幼苗活力指数从332.3下降到187.9.15℃以下的温度明显推迟种子萌发,且萌发率下降.去除种皮后的种仁萌发率、萌发指数和幼苗活力指数均随着温度的升高而增大;有种皮种子的萌发率、萌发指数和幼苗活力指数分别在20℃(94.7%)、30℃(1.86)和25℃(374.4)时最大,而萌发速率系数随着温度的升高先增大后减小.在橡胶树栽培和胶园建设中,可利用种皮对种仁水分散失的限制作用以及对低温的不敏感性,有效延长橡胶树种子的贮藏时间,提高萌发率和籽苗质量.     

果实成熟度和贮藏条件对枇杷种子无菌萌发的影响

为探讨影响枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)种子萌发的因素,将种子播种于1/2MS培养基80 d,研究了成熟度和贮藏条件对枇杷种子萌发的影响。结果表明,‘软条白沙’、‘宁海白’、‘塘科白沙’和‘大红袍’转色期和完熟期采收的种子的萌发率和苗高无显著差异;而‘大房’完熟期采收种子的萌发率较高。‘洛阳青’枇杷果实或种子经4℃贮藏5 d和10 d,萌发率和苗高与未贮藏种子的无显著差异,而贮藏期达20 d或更长时,贮藏种子的萌发率和苗高显著下降。在不同温度下贮藏的枇杷种子萌发率和苗高存在差异,‘早钟6号’和‘太平白’枇杷在15℃和4℃的优于25℃的,但适宜贮藏时间分别不超过15 d和30 d。因此,在转色期采收果实以及适度贮藏果实或种子可以保持枇杷种子的萌发能力。     

不同环境因子及破壳处理对锥栗种子萌发特性的影响

锥栗(Castanea henryi)是我国南方重要的木本粮食树种和特色果树资源,具有很高的食用及药用价值。为探明最适宜锥栗种子萌发的条件,该研究以当年采收的锥栗种子为材料,探讨了温度、光照、基质、基质含水量以及破壳处理等对锥栗种子萌发的影响,为锥栗种苗繁育提供理论基础。结果表明:(1)锥栗种子萌发的最适温度是25℃,其最终萌发率为92.67%,在其他温度条件下,锥栗种子的萌发率有所下降,但与25℃条件下的萌发率无显著差异。(2)黑暗条件可缩短锥栗种子发芽时间,明显提高种子的萌发率和发芽势,但黑暗条件下的种子胚根长度显著小于周期性光照条件下的胚根长度。(3)锥栗种子在泥炭土中的萌发率和发芽势均高于在河沙中的萌发率和发芽势,且泥炭土中种子胚根长度显著长于河沙中的种子胚根长度。(4)基质含水量对锥栗种子萌发率和发芽势无显著性影响。(5)种皮的机械阻碍是限制锥栗种子萌发的因素之一,破壳处理后,锥栗种子的发芽势和胚根长度与未破壳相比差异显著,实际生产中剪破种壳能加快种子的萌发进程。     

淀山湖3种沉水植物的种子萌发生态

探讨淀山湖３种主要沉水植物（菹草、大茨藻和苦草）种子萌发与种皮、水温以及萌发基质之间的关系,种皮对咱子萌发的限制作用程度与种皮结构有关,种皮破裂后,发芽率和萌发速率均增高,水温对种子萌发具有一定的的促进作用,发芽率均以２０℃时最大,但萌发速率却为２８℃＞２０℃＞１０℃,不同沉水植物种子萌发的最适基质不同,苦草和菹草为水加土,而大茨藻则为土;单纯水中的发芽率和萌发速率均最低。     

温度和土壤含水量对青冈栎种子萌发的影响

运用直播法,研究应用人工气候箱控制温度和土壤含水量对野生青冈栎种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:在12h光照条件下,青冈栎种子在变温为10℃/15℃时,萌发率很低,仅为(12±12.29)%;变温为30℃/35℃时,萌发率达最大,为(81±13.7)%。土壤含水量为30%～40%时,萌发率为(79±15.9)%;土壤含水量为90%～100%时,萌发率为(56.67±19.36)%。青冈栎种子萌发呈现出迅速萌发和推迟萌发的特点;温度对青冈栎幼苗的苗高、叶长和叶宽影响显著,对幼苗的地径、叶片数量影响不显著。恒温下,不同梯度土壤含水量处理对幼苗的苗高、地径、叶长、宽影响不显著。     

狼毒种子萌发特性与种群更新机制的研究

研究了采集于植株上的和收集于土壤种子库的狼毒(Stellera chamaejasme)种子在不同温度、光照和5种预处理(即破裂种皮、去除种皮、98％H2SO4浸种5min、0．2％KNO3浸种24h、10℃低温保存1周)条件下的萌发力。结果表明,狼毒种子萌发率较低,25℃恒温、黑暗条件下萌发率为13％,较适宜的萌发温度为30℃恒温或10～30℃变温,破裂种皮和去除种皮萌发率显著提高,25℃恒温、光暗交替条件下萌发率分别为49％和47％,浓硫酸浸种5min处理萌发率可达到32％,KON3浸种和10℃低温保存两个处理对促进狼毒种子萌发效果不明显,狼毒种子萌发对光照条件不敏感,种子硬实性是导致狼毒种子萌发率较低的主要原因,取自土壤种子库内的狼毒种子萌发率高于当年采集的种子,在自然条件下,并非每年都有狼毒种子萌发长成幼苗,种群更新时机是随机的或周期性的。     

温度、基质对泡泡刺种子萌发的影响

研究了温度、种子大小和基质对荒漠植物泡泡刺种子萌发的影响.结果表明:无论是滤纸还是沙子基质上,泡泡刺种子的萌发率、平均萌发时间和萌发率指数受温度的影响显著,而受种子大小的影响不显著.在沙子处理中,较高的萌发率发生在恒温25℃～35℃和变温20℃/30℃,10℃时萌发率较低.平均萌发时间随着温度的上升而呈下降趋势.在滤纸和沙子基质中,泡泡刺萌发的基本温度、最佳温度和最高温度分别为9.0℃、25.3℃、45.2℃和4.8℃、34.1℃、45.0℃.从4.8℃～45℃,泡泡刺种子可萌发的热量范围广,说明了泡泡刺定植的高度潜力.在荒漠生态系统恢复中,这种特性可使泡泡刺成为较好的候选者.     

竹叶眼子菜种子的萌发实验研究

竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)是长江中下游湖泊沉水植被中的优势种,在野外条件下主要依靠断枝繁殖,很少发现它的实生苗。在实验条件下对竹叶眼子菜进行了种子萌发研究,探讨了萌发基质、温度和光暗周期以及冷藏时间对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,干藏3个月后未处理种皮的种子发芽率极低,撕破种皮后显著地提高了种子发芽率。在水基质条件下,25℃最适宜竹叶眼子菜的萌发,光暗周期对种子发芽率有显著影响。冷藏6个月的种子发芽率最高,8个月时发芽率显著降低,表明竹叶眼子菜的种子不耐贮藏。还讨论了竹叶眼子菜种子休眠与萌发机制的生态学意义。     

香圆种子萌发特征及催芽技术

以香圆（Citrus wilsonii Tanaka）种子为实验材料,通过测定种皮透水性、种皮机械障碍、发芽温度等对种子萌发的影响从而探讨种子萌发特征;通过切割种子、热水浸种、赤霉素浸种、低温层积等处理方式探索种子的催芽方法。结果显示：香圆种皮不存在透水性障碍,但其机械障碍对种子萌发具有抑制作用,且内种皮对萌发影响较大;种子在15℃、25℃、35℃恒温及15℃/30℃变温条件下均可萌发,其最适萌发温度为25℃;采用低温层积、热水浸种、切除1/3种子等方法均可一定程度上促进种子萌发。生产中宜采用始温60℃热水浸种24h的方法对香圆种子进行催芽。     

野生秀丽四照花种子生物学特性及萌发研究

对野生秀丽四照花(Cornus hongkongensis subsp. elegans)种子的生物学特性进行观察测定,比较变温、低温层积、化学处理对种子萌发的影响。结果表明,秀丽四照花种子千粒重76.91 g,长5.81 mm、宽5.10 mm、厚3.99 mm。种子在整个试验过程中吸水率低于8%,说明有吸水性障碍的坚硬种皮抑制了种子萌发。变温条件下,温差较大的30 ℃/15 ℃处理对秀丽四照花种子萌发有较好的促进作用,萌发时滞短,萌发率和发芽势较高。秀丽四照花种子经30% NaOH浸泡10 min,可明显缩短萌发时间,但4 ℃低温层积处理对种子萌发没有显著效果。     

Preliminary Study on Development,Germination and Desiccation Tolerance of Jatropha curcas (Euphorbiaceae)

The developmental changes in morphology and germinability of Jatropha curcas seeds, effects of temperature and light on seed germination , and changes in desiccation tolerance of mature seeds were studied in this paper. The results indicated that J. curcas seeds reached a physiological maturation at 58 days after anthesis, and that seed germination percentage reached a peak at physiological maturation, and then decreased. The optimal germination temperature was 25 to 30℃. J. curcas seeds were insensitive to dehydration at physiological maturation . There was not a notable effect of light on seed germination. Therefore, J. curcas seed was a non-photoblastic and orthodox seeds .     

蓝花丹种子生物学特性及其采集、贮藏技术研究

蓝花丹（Plumbago auriculata Lam.）原产南非,由于其存在自交不亲和现象,导致自然结实率极低。本文研究了蓝花丹种子的形态结构、吸水特性及最适萌发温度,根据形态观测以及发芽率等指标筛选出优质种子,并对优质种子不同的干燥方法、贮藏温度等进行探讨。结果表明：蓝花丹种子呈长椭圆状,长8.00~13.80 mm,长宽比约为5.3：1。种皮薄而柔软,有网状褶皱。外种皮表面有附着物,大面积分布有腺体,利于种子传播。胚芽靠近合点,萌发率较高。种子播种前的浸种时间应保持在11 h以上,最适发芽温度为25~30℃。当种皮颜色为深褐色,种子长度大于11 mm且发芽率大于75%时,可判断为优质种子,发生此性状时即为最佳采种时间。种子适宜的干燥方式为烘箱内30℃干燥1 d,干燥种子最佳贮藏温度为-86℃,且贮藏时间越短发芽率越高,而新鲜种子在此条件下不宜贮藏超过15 d。     

三药槟榔种子休眠与萌发的研究

对三药槟榔种子休眠和萌发的基本特性进行研究,结果表明种子的休眠属于综合休眠;种壳对种子 萌发的抑制作用不是由于其对水分透过的限制,而是种皮的机械束缚和透气性差;种子还需要一段低温的生 理后熟过程才能解除休眠。种子经0．2％的高锰酸钾溶液浸泡15 min,0．3％亚硝酸钠和0．2％的硝酸钾溶液 浸种24℃后,发芽速度均显著加快,以0．3％亚硝酸钠处理效果为最佳。种子在15、4℃和室温(昼24～32 ℃／夜18～24℃)三种不同温度下贮藏60 d后,在4℃贮藏的种子发芽情况最好。种子不耐脱水,采用硅胶脱 水,含水量降低至22％以下,种子活力显著降低。     

SEEDS OF KOSTELETZKYA VIRGINICA (MALVACEAE): THEIR STRUCTURE,GERMINATION, AND SALT TOLERANCE. I. SEED STRUCTURE AND GERMINATION

Dormancy of Kosteletzkya virginica (L.) Presl. seeds is primarily due to the impermeability of the seed coat to water. The impermeable structure is assumed to be, in other Malvaceae, the palisade layer of the seed coat. The percentage of seeds capable of imbibition and germination increased with increasing time of storage at low temperatures, but the release from dormancy was not accompanied by decreased seed coat resistance to pressure. Under natural conditions, mechanical damage to the seed coat due to changes in temperature and/or abrasion may render the seeds water permeable. It is not clear what causes water permeability during storage under laboratory conditions. During seed maturation and drying, the inner epidermis of the tegmen partly separates from the rest of the seed coat and an air space, which makes the seed buoyant, is formed around the region of the chalazal cleft. The optimal temperature for germination of K. virginica seeds is between 28 and 30 C in light or darkness.     

Developmental Changes in Relation to Desiccation Tolerance of Archontophoenix alexandrae (Palmae) Seeds

Germination of Archontophoenix alexandrae seeds and embryos were studied under gradient water content treatments throughout the seed development phases of maturation in 2005 to investigate seed desiccation tolerance and storage characteristics. During the maturation process, seed water content decreased gradually from55 DAF (days after flowering) to 70 DAF, and seeds reached the maximum dry-weight at 90 DAF. Seed germinability appeared after 60 DAF. Seeds germinated with a temperature range from15℃- 40℃ under alternating photoperiod (14 h light, 10 h dark, 12μmol m^{- 2}s ^{- 1} ), while the best germination percentage was obtained between 30℃- 35℃. A maximum germination capacity reached at 70 DAF. However, seed germination was greatly inhibited by light. Desiccation tolerance of seeds and embryos increasedgradually from 55 DAF to 90 DAF and reached the maximum at 90 DAF with a semilethal water content of 0.18 g/g ( seed) and 0.3 g/g ( embryo) respectively. Rapid dehydration maintained higher seed germination percentage than thatof slow dehydration when drying to the same water content. Seeds with without water content treatments failed to germinate after 1 month storage under - 18℃, whereas appropriate desiccation treatment prolonged seed longevity under 4℃, 10℃ and 15℃ storage temperatures. It revealed obviously the recalcitrant characteristics of Archontophoenix alexandrae seeds torage behaviour which are tolerant toward neither deep desiccation nor low temperatures.     

濒危植物多毛坡垒种子萌发的生理生态特性

研究了多毛坡垒（Hopea mollissima）种子在自然条件下的寿命及成熟度、温度、光照、土壤水分条件对多毛坡垒种子萌发的影响,结果表明：多毛坡垒种子适宜萌发的温度范围是20～30℃,最适宜温度为25℃;光照对多毛坡垒种子的萌发没有显著性影响,但在周期性光照条件下以25～30℃萌发结果最好,全黑暗条件下以20～25℃萌发结果最好;种子适宜萌发的土壤含水量为20％～60％,最适含水量为50％～60％;种子成熟后在树上长时间宿存明显降低了种子的发芽率和活力;在室内自然摊放条件下,10天后发芽率减半,16天后完全丧失发芽能力。研究认为,该物种对热带湿性季节性雨林原生境有很强的依赖性,目前多毛坡牟的濒危状态主要是由于滥砍乱伐和森林破坏造成的,由于其种子具有顽拗性种子的一些特点,日前该物种宜采取活体保仔的方法,以就地保护为主,活植物迁地保护为辅。     

The Effects of Temperature and Osmotic Stress on the Germination of Scorzonera pusilla (Compositae) Seeds

Scorzonera pusilla is one of the early-spring short- lived perennial desert plants. Non-dormant seeds of S. pusilla are very small and light , and able to absorb water very quickly . Suitable temperature for germination was between 0℃ and 15℃, and the optimum temperature was 4℃ . With the increasing temperature, the germination percentage decreased evidently. Especially , temperature fluctuations had not significant effect on seed germination. Final germination percentages decreased distinctly with decreasing water potential of PEG and NaCl solution. The relationship between water potential of different solutions and germination was negative. The stronger the osmotic stress was, the more the proline content of seedlings was. The effects of NaCl on germination and seedlings were much stronger than that of iso-osmotic PEG in spite of two different temperatures, and the proline content of seedlings confronting increasing water stress was increased sharply .When the concentration of NaCl increased to some extent , the salt toxicity occurred besides water stress . The results are valuableto elucidate the ecogeographical patterns and mechanisms for adaptation of such early-spring ephemeral plants in the desert environments