石菖蒲(Acorus tatarinowii)克藻效应的研究

石菖蒲（Ａｃｏｒｕｓ ｔａｔａｒｉｎｏｗｉｉ）抑制藻类的机制除了对光和矿质营养的竞争外,主要是由于石菖蒲水系向水体分泌的化学物质,能伤害和清除藻类（化感作用ａｌｌｅｌｏｐａｔｈｉｃ ｅｆｆｅｃｔ）,用培植石菖蒲的水培养藻类,可破坏藻类的叶绿素ａ,使其光合速率,细胞还原ＴＴＣ能力显著下降;在荧光显微镜下可看到藻细胞从鲜红色变为淡蓝色,表明石菖蒲对藻类有显著的克制效果,可用于治理富营养化水体中的藻类繁     

新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部沙垄不同部位藻类的垂直分布特征

 通过2005和2006年夏季两次对新疆古尔班通古特沙漠南部荒漠土壤中藻类植物进行采样、培养、鉴定和生物量测定，分析了该区沙漠沙垄不同部位藻类物种组成、优势种和生物量的垂直变化。结果表明：1）在不同地貌部位的不同层次中，藻类的种类组成均有所差异。2）藻类优势物种主要集中在0～2 cm层次中，2 cm以下的土层中藻类细胞很少，绝大部分土层以具鞘微鞘藻(Microcoleus vaginatus)为第一优势种，有些部位的土层中第一优势种是伪双点颤藻(Oscillatoria pseudogeminata)，如垄间低地和迎风坡的1～2 cm中。此外，大型集胞藻（Synechocystis crassa）、舟形藻 (Navicula sp.)、卵圆双眉藻(Amphora ovalis)数量也较多。3）除垄顶外，藻类生物量在其它3个部位不同层次的差异呈极显著水平（p<0.01），生物量由表及里锐减；在同一土层，藻类生物量基本表现为垄间低地最高，迎风坡与背风坡居中， 垄顶最低，不同地貌部位对藻类生物量影响呈显著或极显著水平。     

棕鞭藻及其培养滤液对铜绿微囊藻生长及生理特性的影响

为探究藻类之间的可能存在的信息传递, 研究了棕鞭藻(Ochromonas sp.)及其培养滤液对铜绿微囊藻的生长及生理特性的影响。结果发现, 3种不同接种比例(1﹕4、1﹕1和4﹕1)的棕鞭藻与微囊藻共培养下, 微囊藻细胞密度到第4天均下降到最低值, 而棕囊藻细胞密度则显著增加。同时, 棕鞭藻培养滤液能够抑制微囊藻的生长、导致丙二醛(MDA)含量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。此外, 棕鞭藻培养滤液也能促进微囊藻胞外多糖(EPS)含量显著增加。这表明棕鞭藻不仅能吞噬微囊藻, 而且可能释放某些化感物质抑制微囊藻生长及生理参数。这暗示了棕鞭藻可作为潜在的藻类水华控制生物, 抑制早期藻类大量增殖。     

Fe(Ⅲ)对藻类生长及光谱特征的影响

利用室内培养实验,研究不同Fe(Ⅲ)浓度处理下太湖藻类叶绿素含量、藻类反射光谱随时间的变化规律。通过导数光谱技术、"红边"光学参数(红边位置)对藻类光谱信息进行定量提取,并与藻类叶绿素含量、藻体Fe(Ⅲ)含量进行相关分析,建立了培养液Fe(Ⅲ)浓度-藻类叶绿素含量-藻类光谱的定量关系。结果表明:适宜的Fe(Ⅲ)浓度(18μmol·L-1)有利于藻类生长及叶绿素合成,过高Fe(Ⅲ)浓度(30μmol·L-1)在培养前期能促进藻类叶绿素的合成,但在培养后期会抑制藻类叶绿素的合成,缺铁(0μmol·L-1)使叶绿素的合成受到显著的抑制;不同Fe(Ⅲ)浓度下藻类光谱植被指数(SR705、ND705)、红边位置与藻类叶绿素含量的相关性显著(P0.05)。     

不同磷条件下塔玛亚历山大藻氮的生态幅

藻类氮的生态辐是指在一定氮浓度范围内藻类能生长和繁殖的浓度范围。它由藻类生长的最佳氮浓度、氮适宜生长范围和氮耐受限度构成。为了定量计算藻类的氮生态幅,在室内培养条件下,研究了低磷(0.48 μmol/L)、中磷(0.97 μmol/L)和高磷(1.45 μmol/L)3种不同磷起始浓度条件下不同氮对塔玛亚历山大藻细胞数和最大比生长率的影响,依据Shelford耐受性定律建立了塔玛亚历山大藻生长的氮耐受性模型,并得到了藻类生长的最佳氮浓度、氮适宜生长范围和氮耐受范围的定量表达。结果表明,在低磷、中磷和高磷条件下,当氮浓度小于适合藻类生长的最佳氮浓度时,藻类细胞数和最大比生长率均随着氮浓度的增大而增大;当氮浓度大于适合藻类生长的最佳氮浓度时,藻类细胞数和最大比生长率均随着氮浓度的增大而减小。藻类生长的氮耐受性模型与谢尔福德耐受定律较为吻合,定量得到在低磷、中磷和高磷培养条件下塔玛亚历山大藻的最佳氮浓度分别为30.36、62.07和77.85 μmol/L;氮适宜生长范围分别为18.30-42.42、37.71-86.43和41.52-114.18 μmol/L;氮耐受限度分别为6.24-54.48、13.35-110.79和5.19-150.51 μmol/L。研究显示不同磷起始浓度条件下,藻类的氮生态幅也不相同。     

藻类的接触致毒——恢复培养及其对化学物质的安全评价

应用接触致毒-恢复培养法,试验共有五个浓度组,即0.10,0.13,0.18,0.24和0.316mg/LCu~(2 ),和对照组。以比增长率作指标,实验结果经回归分析:确定Cu~(2 )对月牙藻逐步加深的三种致毒效应,半数效应浓度、完全抑藻浓度和完全杀藻浓度分别为0.204、0.297和0.316mg/LCu~(2 )。由恢复培养可知在杀藻效应浓度以上,藻类细胞受到不可逆转损害。恢复培养试验结果能客观地反映了毒物对藻类的毒理效应。     

藻类对多环芳香烃(PAHs)的富集和代谢

概述了藻类对PAHs的富集和代谢的研究进展。环境中多环芳香烃(PAHs)的污染能导致严重的健康问题,利用生物特别是微生物去除污染环境中的PAHs是一项新的技术。藻类对PAHs的富集与有机污染物的类型、藻类的种类及藻类的生物量有关,活细胞和死细胞对PAHs均有富集能力。还阐述了PAHs在真菌、细菌和藻类体内代谢的途径以及代谢过程中起关键作用的酶,PAHs在藻类中的代谢途径和细菌及真菌都不同,谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)在藻类代谢PAH过程中起重要作用,但细胞色素P450酶所起的作用则不详。     

五种典型藻类对C，N，P吸收动力学分析及种间竞争模拟

目的:获得五种典型藻类(甲藻属微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum)和锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea),赤潮硅藻中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)以及绿藻属杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)和青岛大扁藻(Platymonas helgolandica tsingtaoensis))对C,N,P营养的吸收动力学参数,并利用经典藻类种间竞争模型,构建一个藻类混合共存的生态平衡体系,揭示藻类种间竞争规律,为赤潮爆发机制和预测的研究提供一个新思路。方法:监测批次培养过程中藻体的生长规律以及培养基中C,N,P营养的消耗,计算出藻类营养吸收动力学参数,将参数代入Huisman-Weissing竞争模型,模拟藻类种间竞争。结果:(1)在单独培养条件下,杜氏藻具有最高的比生长率(0.834 d~(-1))和最大细胞浓度(3.4×10~6 cells/mL),锥状斯氏藻和微小亚历山大藻的比生长率μ和最大细胞浓度与其它三种藻相比均明显偏低,p0.01;(2)随着环境总碳浓度从5 mM提高到20 mM,五种藻的比生长率和最大细胞浓度均显著上升,其中杜氏藻和青岛大扁藻对C浓度改变的响应更加敏感;(3)杜氏藻和中肋骨条藻理论最大比生长率(μmax)明显高于其它三种藻类,锥状斯氏藻和微小亚历山大藻对C,N,P营养盐的需求量相比于其它三种藻明显偏高,p0.01;(4)藻类共生平衡系统中,N营养添加有利于杜氏藻和中肋骨条藻发挥更好的种间竞争优势,P营养添加有利于微小亚历山大藻和锥状斯氏藻发挥种间竞争优势;结论:不同环境条件下,五种藻类最大比生长速率μmax和营养吸收半饱和常数Ks直接影响它们的种间竞争能力,基于藻类动力学参数的种间竞争模型为赤潮爆发机制和预测的研究提供一个新思路。     

水葫芦对藻类的克制效应

水葫芦对藻类生长有克制作用。其机制主要是由于水葫芦根系向水体分泌的有机物质能伤害和杀死藻类。用水葫芦种植水培养藻类,使藻类的光合作用速率显著降低,叶绿素a破坏,细胞还原TTC的能力下降。在荧光显微镜下可看到藻细胞从鲜红色变为淡蓝绿色。     

团藻的培养与观察

团藻为绿藻门(Chlorophyta)团藻目(Volvocalea)中多细胞群体,国外藻类学者对团藻目各属培养研究已有多篇报导,而这些研究工作都是在室内培养的.随着植物学教学不断提高,需要随时提供新鲜的实验材料,为此,我们将团藻的分离培养方法作一报导.     

Nature and Role of Bacterial Contaminants in Mass Cultures of Thermophilic Chlorella pyrenoidosa

A study was made of bacterial contaminants isolated from an algal mass-culture unit. The study was performed specifically to determine the dependence of the size of bacterial population on algal density and the nature of any association of the contaminants with the algal cell. Growth of the bacterial contaminants on standard medium was also investigated. An estimate was made of the O₂ uptake of the bacterial population under normal operating conditions of the algal massculture system. Viable numbers of bacteria tended to increase with increased algal density. Bacteria were found imbedded in the surface of algal cells when the cultures of algae were characterized by subnormal rates of growth and photosynthetic gas exchange. Bacterial isolates failed to grow in standard medium alone, thus implying a dependency of bacterial growth on material(s) produced by the algae. A slight inhibitory effect on algal growth was noted in the case of two of three of the bacterial isolates. Manometric studies demonstrated that the bacterial population normally found in the algal cultures did not appreciably effect total gas exchange.     

基于三个DNA片段讨论菖蒲科的分子系统学

菖蒲属长期以来被置于天南星科,但近年来分子系统学的研究表明菖蒲属与天南星科的关系较远,应成立一个单型科,即菖蒲科（Acoraceae)。本文选择菖蒲科3个种及1个变种即金钱蒲（Acorus gramineus),石菖蒲（A.ttrinowii)。金边菖蒲（A.tatarinowii),金边菖蒲（A.tatarinowii var.flawo-marginatus)和菖蒲（A.calamus)不同染色体倍性的4个居群进行了核糖体RNA内源转录间隔段（ITS）进行测序。并据此讨论了菖蒲属的属下系统关系,结果表明,菖蒲科为一个自然的单系类群,不同倍性的菖蒲构成一个自展数据支持率为100%的分支,无中肋的金钱蒲,石菖蒲和金边石菖蒲构成另一个自展数据支持率为100%的分支,通过比较分析菖蒲科与其相关类群之间18S和rbcL两段DNA序列,对菖蒲科的系统位置进行了讨论,在基于18S和rbcL的系统树中,菖蒲均处于单子叶植物中较为孤立的位置。     

β-Asarone Regulates ER Stress and Autophagy Via Inhibition of the PERK/CHOP/Bcl-2/Beclin-1 Pathway in 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinsonian Rats

Neurochemical Research - β-Asarone (1,2,4-trimethoxy-5-[(Z)-prop-1-enyl]benzene) is an essential component of Acorus tatarinowii Schott volatile oil. Previous research has observed that...     

Grazing on filamentous algae by herbivorous zooplankton

SUMMARY. 1. Feeding experiments were conducted to examine filtering rates and selectivity of a variety of zooplankton taxa (including cladocerans, copepods and a rotifer) for filamentous diatoms, green and blue-green algae.
2. Most herbivores were capable of consuming some filamentous algae at rates similar to or higher than those on unicellular algae. Only feeding of Diaphanosoma brachyurum Liéven and Moina micrura Kurz seemed to be primarily limited by the filamentous morphology.
3. Filtering rates and selectivities of most herbivores were much higher for the diatom Melosira granulata angustissima Müller than for similarly sized blue-green algal filaments, indicating that chemical factors strongly influence consumption of filamentous algae.
4. The toxic blue-green algal filament Anabaena flos-aquae De Brébisson NRC 44–1 had a much strong inhibitory effect on zooplankton feeding than other filaments. The only herbivores that were not inhibited by this strain have been shown to be resistant to blue-green algal toxins, or strongly avoided consuming the blue-green alga. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of filamentous algae is due more to toxic or noxious chemicals than to the filamentous morphology.
5. Selectivities of zooplankton for filamentous algae were largely independent of herbivore body size. The small-bodied cladoceran Bosmina longirostris Müller had the highest selectivities for filamentous algae.     

Barley (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hordeum vulgare</Emphasis>)-induced growth inhibition of algae: a review

Many field and laboratory studies have attempted to explain the inhibitory effect of rotting barley on algae. Early field studies lacked controls and replication and results depended on visual observations. Such studies offer information on barley bale field construction and application rates. In the laboratory, discrepancies in the barley variety used, algal species tested, barley liquor preparation and phenol extraction methodologies existed. Inconsistencies have led to different growth responses for the same species of algae tested, i.e. with some studies finding an inhibitory response and other studies reporting an accelerated growth response of algae. Two successful forms of investigation have been identified: (a) using commercially available compounds, i.e. with known shikimate-pathway-producing phenols and acids, which can then be combined with algal assays of different algal species and (b) using commercially available algal species from which batch cultures are grown, which are then added to barley liquor of different ages. Algal growth may then be investigated using in vivo fluorescence and the filtrate can be analysed via HPLC/MS. The identification of allelochemicals, which range from phenolics to quinones within the Poaceae family of which barley is a member, has received a lot of attention in recent years.     

Influence ofParthenium hysterophorus L. on native soil algal flora

Soil was amended with powder from air-dried leaves, inflorescences or roots ofParthenium hysterophorus L. at 1, 2 and 5 per cent (w/w) levels, and inhibitory effect towards indigenous algal population was assessed. The inhibition of algae was more pronounced in the soil amended with leaf material followed by treatments with inflorescence and least with root powder. Higher levels (2 and 5%) of leaf and inflorescence amendment resulted in a greater inhibition of the algae.     

Particle selection in the nauplius of Calanus pacificus

Food selection by the nauplius of Calanus pacificus is definedas the ability to ingest certain kinds of particles in behavioralpreference to others that occur simultaneously in the same environment.Using mixtures of planktonic algae and plastic beads of differentor similar sizes, the nauplii strongly selected the algal cells,consuming them almost exclusively, and at similar rates to thecontrols with only algae. In some cases, however, ingestionrates on the algae were lower than the in the controls, mainlywhen the mixture was composed of algal cells and plastic beadsof smaller sizes able to be captured by the nauplii. Selectionof algal particles was also observed when pollen grains or detrituswere used instead of the plastic beads. Selection behavior alsooccurred when mixtures of two algae of different sizes wereoffered to the nauplii, and it was dependent on the proportionand concentration of both kinds of algae in the mixture. Thepossible effect of particle production on the observed selectivepatterns is discussed.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌对三角褐指藻的化感作用研究

实验研究不同剂量(100、500和1000μL)的解淀粉芽孢杆菌菌液、解淀粉芽孢杆菌代谢产物和解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)及代谢产物混合液3种组合对三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)生长的影响.结果表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌、其代谢产物和两种的混合液对三...