江西省跳蛛科蜘蛛区系及其与国内其他省、区异同比较

本文列出江西产跳蛛科蜘蛛30属63种的名录、地理分布以及区系特征。63种跳蛛属古北界的物种仅占6．2％,属东洋界以及东洋界、古北界共有物种分别占42．8％和51．0％。国内分布已基本查清的27种跳蛛区系分析表明：江西种类属华中区,与华南区、西南区共有种最多,其后依次为华北区、东北区、蒙新区,与青藏区共有种最少;江西跳蛛与邻省湖南共有种最多,其后依次为广东、福建、浙江、湖北、安徽,与江苏共有种最少。     

甘肃太统一崆峒山国家自然保护区的蝶类群落特征

2006--2010年期间,对太统一崆峒山国家级自然保护区的蝶类进行了研究。采集到蝶类标本共计4800余号,经过整理鉴定出蝶类230种及亚种,隶属10科24亚科126属。其中36属71种为优势类群,占总种数的30．87％;眼蝶科有46种,占20．0％;灰蝶科有37种,占16．1％,为次优势类群;喙蝶科、蚬蝶科为单属单种,属于罕见类群;其他各科为常见类群。在230种蝶类中,属于古北界的种类占总种数的26．5％,属于东洋界的种类占总种数的5．7％,两界兼有种类和广布种类占总种数的67．8％,即广布种类成分最多,东洋界成分最少。230种蝶类隶属126属,其中单种属有75个,占总属的59．5％,包含的种类占总种数的32．6％;多种属有51个,占总属的40．5％,包含的种类数有155种,占总种数的67．4％;属种比值系数为0．548。结果表明,该地区蝶类区系以单种属为主。     

澜沧江漫湾电站水库地区爬行动物多样性研究

漫湾电站水库地区有爬行动物４６种,隶属３目１０科３７属。特点是：（１）特种多样性很丰富,为中国扑行类种娄１１．８９％,为云南的３０．４６％,是云南省和全国爬行类很丰富的地区;（２）东洋界种类占绝对优势（９７．８３％）,没有古北界种类,古北东洋两界广布种仅１种;（３）西南区与华南区种类分别为２０及１９种;华中区及华中华南两区广布种很少;（５）特有种多,在我国主要产于云南有８种,占１７．３９％,其中云     

昆明地区爬行动物的研究

昆明地区共有爬行动物42种,隶3目10科27属。区系特点：（1）物种很丰富－占云南省爬行类27．81％,占中国10．19％,超过16省区;（2）东洋界种类占绝对优势－共39种,占92．86％;（3）西南区种类很多－有22种,占东洋界种数56．41％;（4）特有种较多－昆明特有种3种,云南特有种4种,中国特有15种,占35．71％;（5）模式产地种类多－模式产地在昆明的9种,在云南的11种,在中国的24种,占57．14％。数量状况：优势种有半叶跳虎及八线腹链蛇2种,占4．76％;普通种9种,占21．43％;稀有种31种,占73．81％。     

江苏徐州相山山地蝶类生态分布及区系研究

江苏徐州相山山地有蝶类7科26属31种,其中凤蝶科5种,粉蝶科7种,斑蝶科1种,眼蝶科1种,蛱蝶科4种,灰蝶科8种,弄蝶科5种,计得江苏省新记录8种。蝶类区系组成中,广布种占48．39％;东洋界种类占22．58％;古北界种类占29．03％。由江苏省六大山地相似度分析,相山山地与方山山地蝶类多样性相似度最高。     

中国夜蛾科昆虫区系初步研究（鳞翅目：双孔亚目）

对我国分布记载较详细的１４１０种夜蛾科昆虫区系分析结果表明：１）在世界昆虫区系中,可分为１７个分布型,以东洋界种类最多,占３５．６％;古北界种类居第二,占３３．０％;古北界和东洋界共有种类居第三,占２３．０％。２）中国夜蛾科昆虫主要由古北界种类、东洋界种类、古北界和东洋界共有种类组成,占总数的９１．７％;与澳洲界共有６７种,占４．８％;与非洲界共有５１种,占３．６％;与新北界共有２３种,占１．６％     

湖北地区蝇科物种多样性及地理分布

研究湖北地区蝇科已知种类及区系组成资料,并与邻近的江西、湖南和河南3地区蝇科区系进行比较,分析湖北地区蝇科物种多样性及地理分布。湖北地区已知蝇科物种150种,其中东洋界为主的种类69种,占46.0%;古北界为主的种类57种,占38.0%;广布两界的种类24种,占16.0%。结论认为,湖北地区蝇科区系应划归东洋界。     

Community characteristics of butterflies in the Gansu Taitong——Kongtongshan National Nature Reserve

2006-2010年期间,对太统—崆峒山国家级自然保护区的蝶类进行了研究.采集到蝶类标本共计4800余号,经过整理鉴定出蝶类230种及亚种,隶属10科24亚科126属.其中36属71种为优势类群,占总种数的30.87％;眼蝶科有46种,占20.0％;灰蝶科有37种,占16.1％,为次优势类群;喙蝶科、蚬蝶科为单属单种,属于罕见类群;其他各科为常见类群.在230种蝶类中,属于古北界的种类占总种数的26.5％,属于东洋界的种类占总种数的5.7％,两界兼有种类和广布种类占总种数的67.8％,即广布种类成分最多,东洋界成分最少.230种蝶类隶属126属,其中单种属有75个,占总属的59.5％,包含的种类占总种数的32.6％;多种属有51个,占总属的40.5％,包含的种类数有155种,占总种数的67.4％;属种比值系数为0.548.结果表明,该地区蝶类区系以单种属为主.     

海南岛淡水龟类区系特点及保护优先性分析

海南岛是我国淡水龟类分布较为集中、物种丰富度高、动物区系独特的地区,已知的淡水龟有2科8属11种,占全国淡水龟种数(24种)的46％。海南岛淡水龟物种密度为3．2种／10^4km^2,均为东洋界成分,其中华南区种4种,占36．4％;华中-华南区共有的种7种,占63．6％;海南特有种2种,占岛内淡水龟种数的18．2％。海南岛淡水龟占华南地区淡水龟种数(19种)的57．9％。海南与广东、广西和香港的淡水龟类区系关系也十分密切,与它们的生物相似值分别为0．76、0．64和0．47。目前,中国75％的淡水龟类濒危,海南岛81．8％的淡水龟类濒危。分析表明,海南岛应是我国淡水龟类资源优先保育的地区。     

大理苍山洱海自然保护区山地蚤类区系与生态的研究

１９９２－１９９７年,对大理苍山洱海自然保护区山地蚤类进行了垂直分布的调查研究,共采获蚤类５科２１属３９种（亚种）３２４１头,并对以苍山为主体的山地各主要生态环境蚤类的群落结构,物种丰富度,物种多样性,均匀度和生态优势度进行了测定和比较,分析蚤类及其宿主动物的分布特点和自然环境因素后认为,在苍山所获３９种蚤类中有１６种（占４１．０３％）属东洋界种类,２１种（占５３．８４％）,属古北界种类,２种属广     

Predators of the tickAmblyomma variegatum (Acari: Ixodidae) in Guadeloupe,French West indies

Some vertebrate species in Guadeloupe are predators of free or parasitic stages ofAmblyomma variegatum (Fabricius). Among birds, 1.9% of the 421 identified animals found in the stomachs of grackles (Quiscalus lugubris), 1.6% of the 364 animals found in the stomachs of free-ranging chickens, and 0.3% of the 4642 animals found in the stomach of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) wereA. variegatum ticks. The most efficient predator of ticks was the tropical fire ant,Solenopsis geminata, which was observed to only attack engorged stages of ticks. An average of 8% of the 564 individual ticks or batch of ticks released on the ground, mainly in a grass environment, were attacked by this ant species. Mice (Mus musculus) and mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) feed on engorged nymphs and female ticks. None of the 15 strains of entomophagous nematodes, generaSteinernema andHeterorhabditis, experimentally put in contact with engorged larvae and nymphs were able to parasitize them. In the laboratory, the insectsMegaselia scalaris (Diptera) andTineola sp. (Lepidoptera) were occasionally found to feed on engorged and unfed ticks, respectively.     

Pathogen prevalence in ticks collected from the vegetation and livestock in Nigeria

Ticks are important disease vectors that can cause considerable economic losses by affecting animal health and productivity, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we investigated the prevalence and diversity of bacterial and protozoan tick-borne pathogens in ticks collected from the vegetation and cattle in Nigeria by PCR. The infection rates of questing ticks were 3.1% for Rickettsia species, 0.1% for Coxiella burnetii and 0.4% for Borrelia species. Other pathogens, such as Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia species, were not detected in ticks from the vegetation. Feeding ticks collected from cattle displayed infection rates of 12.5% for Rickettsia species, 14% for Coxiella burnetii, 5.9% for Anaplasma species, 5.1% for Ehrlichia species, and 2.9% for Theileria mutans. Babesia and Borrelia species were not detected in ticks collected from cattle. Mixed infections were found only in feeding ticks and mainly Rickettsia species and Coxiella burnetii were involved. The diversity of tick-borne pathogens in Nigeria was higher in feeding than in questing ticks, suggesting that cattle serve as reservoirs for at least some of the pathogens studied, in particular C. burnetii. The total estimated herd infection rates of 20.6% for a Rickettsia africae-like species, 27% for Coxiella burnetii, and 8.5% for Anaplasma marginale/centrale suggest that these pathogens may have considerable implications for human and animal health.     

Spotted fever group Rickettsia in ticks from southeastern Spain natural parks

During an 8-years study, we collected from vegetation or domestic and wild mammals 1246 ticks (624 males, 511 females and 111 nymphs) belonging to 13 species in Jaen province (Andalusia) and we analyzed these ticks by PCR and sequencing for the presence of rickettsiae. Specific rickettsiae DNA was detected in 243 (19.5%) of the ticks tested. Sequence analysis of amplicons of gltA, ompA and ompB genes revealed that Ixodes ricinus were infected with R. monacensis, including strain IRS3, and R. helvetica (prevalences of 27.0% and 2.7%, respectively), while in I. ventalloi we found only this last species (12.5%). Moreover, Dermacentor marginatus presents R. slovaca (24.7%) and R. raoultii (59.9%). In Rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks (Rh. sanguineus, Rh. turanicus and Rh. pusillus) only R. massiliae (15.2%) was found. Haemaphysalis punctata and Ha. sulcata were infected with a Rickettsia sp. near R. hoogstraalii (prevalence of 3.1% and 16.1%, respectively). In addition, Ha. punctata appeared infected with R. monacensis-like Rickettsia (1.0%) and R. raoultii (9.3%). None of I. hexagonus, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Hyalomma sp., Ha. hispanica or Rh. bursa studied ticks contained rickettsiae.     

Factors influencing the distribution of questing ticks and the prevalence estimation of T. parva infection in brown ear ticks in the Tanga region, Tanzania.

Questing ticks from various districts and agro-ecological zones (AEZ) in the Tanga Region of Tanzania were studied for a two-year period between September 1999 and July 2001. Collections of both nymphal and adult ticks occurred at 29 sites using a blanket or white cloth dragging technique. The species recorded in the order of decreasing abundance were Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Boophilus spp., and Ambylomma variegatum. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus field infestation levels varied across administrative districts and seasons, with Amani and the cool-to-dry season having lower tick counts ( = -2.09, SE = 0.71, P < 0.001 and = -1.54, SE = 0.56, P = 0.006 for Amani and cool to dry season, respectively). Based on the polymerase chain reaction technique, Theileria parva infection prevalence in adult R. appendiculatus was estimated to be 2.6%. Implications of these findings in light of the spatial and temporal distribution of ticks are discussed for the accurate diagnosis of multiple tick-borne diseases, the infected vector tick, the endemic status of T. parva in the region, and the implemention of control strategies.     

Distribution and molecular detection of Theileria and Babesia in questing ticks from northern Spain

Abstract.  A total of 562 questing adult ixodid ticks, collected during 2003−05 in 10 recreational mountain areas in northern Spain, were analysed for piroplasm infection. Reverse line blot (RLB) analysis using a panel of probes for 23 piroplasm species identified 16 different piroplasms, with an overall prevalence of 9.3%. Most were Theileria spp.-positive (7.7%), 3.0% were positive for Babesia spp. and 1.4% of ticks harboured both genera. Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758), the most abundant tick in the vegetation, ranked third with regard to piroplasm infection prevalence (11.4%) after Rhipicephalus bursa (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878) (16.0%) and Haemaphysalis punctata (Canestrini & Fanzago, 1878) (13.5%). Infection was detected in 6.2% of Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) and in 1.1% of Haemaphysalis inermis (Birula, 1895), but was absent from Haemaphysalis concinna (Koch, 1844). Ixodes ricinus carried more piroplasm species (13), followed by H. punctata (10), D. reticulatus (8), R. bursa (3) and H. inermis (1). Although most of the positive ticks harboured a single infection (76.9%), mixed infections with two or three different piroplasm species were also detected (23.1%). The various tick−pathogen associations found are discussed and prevalences of infection in ticks are compared with previous results on piroplasms infecting animals in the same region.     

The abundance and distribution of the Ixodes persulcatus (Acari: Ixodidae) near its northern spreading limit in the Ural Mountains

A count of the tick species Ixodes persulcatus Schulze, 1930 was carried out in the "Denezhkin Kamen" Nature Reserve and adjacent territories (the Severoural'sk and Ivdel' Districts of the Sverdlovsk Region, the Northern Urals geographical province) in the 2005. The abundance and distribution of unengorged adults has been evaluated on an area of 22.5 square kilometers (N 60 degrees 27'-60 degrees 30' E 059 degrees 38'-059 degrees 42'). The area includes proportionally main landscape and vegetation elements of the region studied, from mountain analogues of the middle and northern taiga up to tundra. One tick species, I. persulcatus, has been collected by flagging with the abundance from 0.4 up to 6.8 (average 1.6 +/- 0.9) specimens per flag-hour. The observed values of abundance are classified into three classes (I - ticks are absent, II - 1-2 specimens, and III - 3-7 specimens per flag-hour). The class I amounts 20, II - 75, and III - 5% of the area examined. It has been revealed by the expert evaluation of the 2003-2004 and counts of the 2005 that ticks occur stably in the Northern Ural, reaching N 61 degrees and 400 m above sea level. The level of the species abundance remained constant till the middle of summer. In this period the activity of ticks dependent on the weather optimum only.     

横断山地区石炭纪和二叠纪有孔虫

横断山地区石炭纪和二叠纪海相沉积分布非常广泛,在早石炭世杜内期至晚二叠世各沉积中均含有大量有孔虫化石,其中尤以维宪期和长兴期沉积中的有孔虫化石最为丰富和保存极佳。本文描述了较为常见和特征的分子共11科30属65种,其中8个为新种,根据分析和比较,横断山地区石炭纪和二叠纪有孔虫动物群的组合面貌和特征与我国华南地区同期地层中所见有孔虫动物基本一致,同属“南方型”生物群,同时也与特提斯海域同期地层中有孔虫动物群非常近似,因此可以说明横断山地区当时的海水不仅与我国华南海域及特提斯海域都是相通的,同时都繁衍着大致相同的有孔虫动物群,它们均生活在温暖和盐度较为正常的浅海水域中。     

澜沧江漫湾电站水库地区两栖动物的考察研究

漫湾电站地区共有两栖类２ 目８ 科１８ 属３８ 种。区系特点是： （１） 物种很丰富, 占中国两栖类种数１３－６２ ％ , 超过２０ 个省区, 超过云南红河州, 而与西双版纳相等, 是中国两栖类最丰富的地区之一, 也是云南种类最多的地区;（２） 全部属东洋界种类; （３） 西南区种类占绝对优势, 有２６ 种, 占６８－４２％ ; （４） 华中区及华中华南种类很少, 共３ 种; （５） 锄足蟾科种类特多, 有１２ 种; （６） 特有种很多, 有漫湾特有７ 种, 云南特有１６ 种,中国特有１３ 种以上。垂直分布可分为河谷低山带, 海拔８００ － １ ５００ｍ ; 中山带, 海拔１ ５００ － ２ ２００ｍ ; 高山带,２ ２００ －２ ８００ｍ ;２ ８００３ ２９１ｍ 的山顶带。泽蛙、双团棘胸蛙及云南小狭口蛙为本地区优势种。稀有种多, 应加强保护; 红瘰疣螈为国家Ⅱ级保护动物。     

Introduction of potential heartwater vectors and other exotic ticks into Florida on imported reptiles

Following the discovery of establishment of the African tortoise tick Amblyomma marmoreum in Florida, the present study was undertaken to determine the extent of introduction of exotic ticks into Florida on imported reptiles. Exotic ticks were identified on 29 (91%) of 32 reptile premises in 18 counties of Florida. The ticks, found on a variety of imported tortoises, snakes, and monitor lizards, belonged to 4 Amblyomma species (A. marmoreum, Amblyomma nuttalli, Amblyomma sabanerae, and Amblyomma sparsum) and 4 Aponomma species (Aponomma exornatum, Aponomma flavomaculatum, Aponomma latum, and Aponomma varanensis). The most commonly encountered ticks were A. latum and A. marmoreum. The identifications of A. marmoreum on 8 premises in 7 counties, and of A. sparsum on 1 premises, are of great concern because both species are vectors of heartwater, a lethal disease of cattle, sheep, goats, and deer.