西双版纳热带季节雨林优势植物热值

为探讨西双版纳热带季节雨林植物热值的变化规律,用SDACM-Ⅲa型量热值仪测定了该群落不同层次37种优势植物不同器官干湿季节的热值。结果表明:西双版纳热带季节雨林各层优势种的平均干质量热值在17.05～20.23kJ.g-1,乔木、层间藤本、灌木、草本干质量热值分别为18.86～20.23、17.97～19.76、17.71～18.83和17.05～17.45kJ.g-1。各层优势种平均干质量热值在干湿季节均表现为:乔木层>层间藤本>灌木层>草本层。所有层次相同各器官平均干质量热值在器官间存在差异,但只有叶与根、枝之间差异显著(P<0.05);不同层次中的同种植物干质量热值在干湿季节差异均不显著(P>0.05);各层优势植物的干质量热值在干湿季节之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

黄土丘陵区植物功能性状对微地形变化的响应

植物功能性状是连接植物与环境的桥梁,可以反映植物对环境的适应能力.在地形复杂地区,研究不同水平上的植物功能性状随微地形的变化规律,对认识不同物种对复杂地形条件下多变环境的适应策略具有重要意义.以黄土丘陵区森林草原区自然植被为对象,分析土壤养分以及植物各功能性状值在科属和群落水平上微地形的响应关系.结果表明: 不同植物的功能性状差异较大,植物科属组成差异是影响植物功能性状的主要因素,其次是坡向,而坡位对其影响较小;群落水平的性状值在微地形上无显著差异;豆科和菊科植物的叶氮含量和根氮含量在不同坡位上均存在显著差异,禾本科只有根组织密度在不同坡位上存在显著差异;群落水平性状值的根组织密度与土壤氮含量和土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关;豆科植物的叶氮含量和根氮含量与土壤磷含量呈显著正相关,菊科和禾本科叶氮含量和根氮含量与土壤氮含量呈显著正相关.这表明不同科属植物在对环境变化响应上存在较大差异,不同科属物种对环境适应策略不同.
     

华南十种桉树的热值与灰分含量比较

桉树是林业生物质能源的原料之一,了解桉树的热值和灰分含量能为合理利用桉树能源林提供理论参考。该研究采用热量计和马福炉对华南尾巨桉等10种桉树的不同器官进行热值和灰分含量测定。结果表明：10种桉树树叶、树枝、树根、树干和树皮的干质量热值、去灰分热值分别为15.10~21.06 kJ.g-1和16.50~22.11 kJ.g-1,器官的平均干质量热值、去灰分热值以树叶最高(19.50和20.56 kJ.g-1)、树皮的最低(17.32和18.09 kJ.g-1),说明树叶所含的高能有机物质比其它器官多;不同器官的干质量热值与去灰分热值在不同品种中的大小排序不完全一致。灰分含量在0.14％~8.5％之间,器官平均的灰分含量以树叶最高(5.13％)、树干最低(0.30％),说明树叶所含的矿质元素较多。不同器官的热值与灰分含量均差异显著(P<0.05)。植株个体的干质量热值与去灰分热值均以尾叶桉最高(18.99和19.18 kJ.g-1),以托里桉最低(17.53和17.86 kJ.g-1);灰分含量则以托里桉最高(1.90％)、巨桉最低(0.61％)。相关分析结果表明,灰分含量与干质量热值、去灰分热值存在一定的负相关,但未达显著水平;干质量热值与去灰分热值呈极显著的正相关关系(P<0.01)。由于理想的植物燃料应具备热值高与灰分含量低的特点,结合该研究的结果分析,托里桉作为燃料资源利用不理想,以尾叶桉较为适宜。     

小叶章草地生态系统结构与功能的研究Ⅳ能量的固定和分配

小叶章草在生态系统年净初级生产力为３０５７９。１７ｋＪ／ｍ＾２．ａ,其中地上净初级生产力占３７．６４％,地下净初级生产力占６２．３６％。不同植物器官（组分）的能量现存量差异很大,上部根占植物亚系统总能量现存量的５４．８７％,穗的能量现存量仅占０．０３％,其它器官的能量现存量从大到小依次为：茎＞叶＞根茎＞枯落物＞下部根茎＞死根。不同植物器官（组分）热值含量水平亦存在较大差异,以去灰分热值比较,由大到     

广东黑石顶自然保护区南亚热带常绿阔叶林5种优势植物的热值研究

研究了黑石顶自然保护区南亚热带常绿阔叶林５种乔木优势种的热值及其季节变化。结果如下：５种植物各器官干重热值和去灰分热值因种在是异,同种植物不同器官之间热值存在明显差异,干重热值受灰分含量影响变异增大。     

四种园林植物的热值与养分特征

测定了蔷薇科植物美人梅、樱花和木兰科植物白玉兰、广玉兰不同组分的热值、养分和灰分含量, 探讨4种植物不同发育阶段根系、枝干和叶等器官的热值分配特征及其影响因子. 结果表明: 4种植物不同组分干质量热值和去灰分热值在17.02～21.93 kJ·g^-1和18.42～22.57 kJ·g^-1之间; 叶片和细根具有较高的干质量热值和去灰分热值, 去灰分热值随着根系和茎干（枝）的发育呈减小趋势. 美人梅和樱花的干质量热值和去灰分热值总体上高于白玉兰和广玉兰. 细根干质量热值和去灰分热值与其养分和灰分含量呈极显著相关(P<0.01). 随着根系的发育, 干质量热值和去灰分热值与有机碳含量的相关性逐渐降低, 不同器官干质量热值与全氮含量相关性最强.     

浑善达克沙地14种植物热值特征

通过对浑善达克沙地14种主要野生植物根、茎、叶、果实等器官进行取样,测定其热值、灰分、矿质元素,同时对各项指标的相关性进行分析,来探讨浑善达克沙地主要植物作为生物燃料供给料的潜力及植物热值对灰分和矿质元素含量的响应。结果表明:14种野生植物全株热值范围为16.18 MJ·kg-1(猪毛菜)~20.23 MJ·kg-1(小叶锦鸡儿),平均值为18.80 MJ·kg-1,该值高于全球陆生植物平均热值;14种沙生植物的全株热值顺序为:小叶锦鸡儿沙蒿地烧瓜冷蒿木岩黄芪扁蓿豆糙隐子草沙鞭沙芦草叉分蓼冰草细叶鸢尾木地肤猪毛菜;14种植物灰分范围3.98%(沙鞭)~12.18%(猪毛菜),全株灰分含量顺序为猪毛菜木地肤地烧瓜细叶鸢尾叉分蓼小叶锦鸡儿沙蒿冰草扁蓿豆沙芦草冷蒿木岩黄芪糙隐子沙鞭;热值与灰分呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与碳、氮含量呈极显著正相关(P0.01),热值与金属矿质元素呈负相关,与非金属矿质元素呈正相关,但均不显著。浑善达克沙地主要野生植物热值均高于当前主要生物质原材料(柳枝稷、玉米秸秆、王草等),说明该地区植物具有作为能源植物的潜力。     

不同年龄阶段杉木人工林植物热值分析

应用会同国家野外科学观测研究站的连续定位测定资料,研究了杉木林不同林龄阶段乔木、灌木、草本和枯死物热值动态变化。结果表明:同一林龄阶段,杉木叶的热值皮枝干根,杉木各器官热值随林龄增加而增大;相同林龄的灌木叶热值枝根,草本地上部分热值根,灌木和草本的热值随林龄增大而减少;同一林龄的凋落叶的热值凋落枝碎屑死根,枯死物热值随林龄增加而增大;整个杉木林系统,乔木层热值灌木草本枯死物;灰分含量与会同杉木器官热值的大小与变化关联性不密切,与灌木、草本呈显著负相关(P0.05);会同杉木热值随林龄变化与器官随林龄增大木质化程度提高,以及不同年份的降水量、太阳辐射、温度有关;林分不同层次植物热值的变化与某个层次的植物接受的光能资源量关系密切。     

盐胁迫对木榄幼苗各器官热值、能量积累及分配的影响

研究了人工培养条件下基质盐度对红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)幼苗的热值、干物质及能量积累的影响.结果表明,木榄幼苗干物质和能量的积累存在低盐促进和高盐抑制的现象,其最大值出现于盐度10mg·g^-1处;随基质盐度的提高,木榄幼苗的干物质和能量积累倾向于叶片及细根等光合作用场所和养分吸收器官,木榄幼苗各器官干重热值及去灰分热值有不同的变化规律,其中叶片热值的变化规律能较好地反映木榄幼苗抗盐性的变化情况.本文从能量学角度探讨了红树植物的抗盐生理生态.     

黑石顶自然保护区常绿阔叶林优势植物地上部分的热值

对黑石顶自然保护区南亚热带低山常绿阔叶林地上部分各层次一些优势种和常见种的干重热值和去灰分热值的测定表明：植物的干重热值受灰分含量影响较大,植物去灰分热值随种类、器官而异,乔木层8种植物地上部分各器官平均去灰分热值在19．261-20．672kJg-1之间,各植物种的平均去灰分热值变化顺序如下：光叶红豆＞显脉新木姜＞福建青冈＞短花序楠＞生虫树＞小叶胭脂＞硬叶稠＞粘木。乔木层各器官的平均去灰分热值是：叶21．417kJg-1,幼枝19．929kJg-1,干树皮19．961kJg-1,干材18．664kJg-1。地上部分各层次相同器官平均去灰分热值有下列变化趋势：乔木层＞灌木层＞草本层,这一关系在植物叶的去灰分热值中表现尤为明显．     

布迪椰子不同器官热值的季节变化研究

对布迪椰子的幼叶、成熟叶、叶柄和根在不同季节的干重热值、去灰分热值和灰分含量进行了研究,结果表明:干重热值四个季节的平均值为成熟叶(20.65kJg-1)>幼叶(19.84kJg-1)>根(19.55kJg-1)>叶柄(18.77kJg-1),秋季的干重热值明显高于其它三个季节的干重热值,冬季的干重热值最低,去灰分热值与干重热值的变化趋势基本相同。灰分含量四个季节的平均值为根(5.14%)>叶柄(4.33%)>幼叶(4.21%)>成熟叶(3.97%)。成熟叶的灰分含量一直维持在比较低的水平,而幼叶的在秋季明显下降,在冬季明显上升,幼叶灰分含量的季节变化趋势与成熟叶的相同,叶柄灰分含量在冬季明显低于根部。布迪椰子这种不同器官在不同季节的热值和灰分的变化规律显示其具有较强的耐寒适应性。     

Caloric content of plant species and its role in a Leymus chinensis steppe community of Inner Mongolia, China

The caloric contents of 42 species and their composition in a Leymus chinensis steppe community of Inner Mongolia, China were determined and analyzed based on the field experiment for 11 years. The caloric content (x ± SD) of aboveground parts of plant species varied from (13156 ± 1141) J·g^?1 (ash contained) to (18141 ± 527) J·g^?1. The average caloric content of all species was (16899 ± 840) J·g^?1 and the inter-specific CV (coefficient of variation) was 4.9%. Of all the species, Caragana microphylla had the highest caloric content (18142 J·g^?1). Grasses had a higher average caloric content ((17425 ± 291) J·g^?1) than forbs ((16734 ± 844)J·g^?1). When the herbaceous species were classified into subgroups according to life-form and growth-form, the order of average caloric contents, from high to low, was: tall grasses ((17717 ± 92) J·g^?1) > legume ((17228 ± 433) J·g^?1) > short grasses ((17250 ± 218) J·g^?1) > remaining forbs ((16784 ± 529) J·g^?1) > subshrubs ((16719 ± 69) J·g^?1) > annuals and biennials ((15911 ± 1759) J·g^?1). There was a positive correlation (P < 0.05) between the caloric contents of 42 species and their relative biomass in the community. When all species were classified into 3 groups according to their composition in the community, the average caloric contents, weighed by the species relative biomass, followed the order: dominant (17740 J·g^?1) > companion (17244 J·g^?1) > incidental (16653 J·g^?1). The plants with high caloric contents were more competitive, which allowed them to gain a dominant status, whereas the competitive abilities of plants with low caloric contents were generally weak. The latter made up the companion or incidental species in a steppe community.     

Caloric content of plant species and its role in a Leymus chinensis steppe community of Inner Mongolia, China

The caloric contents of 42 species and their composition in a Leymus chinensis steppe community of Inner Mongolia, China were determined and analyzed based on the field experiment for 11 years. The caloric content (x ± SD) of aboveground parts of plant species varied from (13156 ± 1141) J·g^?1 (ash contained) to (18141 ± 527) J·g^?1. The average caloric content of all species was (16899 ± 840) J·g^?1 and the inter-specific CV (coefficient of variation) was 4.9%. Of all the species, Caragana microphylla had the highest caloric content (18142 J·g^?1). Grasses had a higher average caloric content ((17425 ± 291) J·g^?1) than forbs ((16734 ± 844)J·g^?1). When the herbaceous species were classified into subgroups according to life-form and growth-form, the order of average caloric contents, from high to low, was: tall grasses ((17717 ± 92) J·g^?1) > legume ((17228 ± 433) J·g^?1) > short grasses ((17250 ± 218) J·g^?1) > remaining forbs ((16784 ± 529) J·g^?1) > subshrubs ((16719 ± 69) J·g^?1) > annuals and biennials ((15911 ± 1759) J·g^?1). There was a positive correlation (P < 0.05) between the caloric contents of 42 species and their relative biomass in the community. When all species were classified into 3 groups according to their composition in the community, the average caloric contents, weighed by the species relative biomass, followed the order: dominant (17740 J·g^?1) > companion (17244 J·g^?1) > incidental (16653 J·g^?1). The plants with high caloric contents were more competitive, which allowed them to gain a dominant status, whereas the competitive abilities of plants with low caloric contents were generally weak. The latter made up the companion or incidental species in a steppe community.     

福建和溪亚热带雨林优势植物叶的热值研究

 本文探讨福建和溪亚热带雨林各层主要优势植物种成熟叶的热值含量及其变化规律。结果表明：该雨林—年中主要树种叶片热值的含量范围：乔木层红栲、乌来栲、红鳞蒲桃、厚壳桂和茜草树分别为19.94～21.18、20.34～21.33、19.98～21.04、21.99～23.21和19.17～21.08kJ/g;灌木层罗伞树、九节木、柏拉木、斜基粗叶木、走马胎和草珊瑚分别为18.45～20.20、19.18～20.04、17.36～18.47、17.14～18.44、17.11～18.44和19.50～20.14kJ／g;草本层福建莲座蕨和单叶新月蕨分别为18.22～18.98和15.11～16.75kJ／g;层间植物花皮胶藤、密花豆藤和扁担藤分别为19.73～22.57、19.43～21.11和18.87～20.37kJ／g。各层叶热值含量大小为乔木层>灌木层>草本层。层间植物大藤本由于能达林冠利用充足阳光也具较高热值;同时含有乳汁、挥发性芳香油类等的植物热值较高。落叶的热值均高于各层成熟鲜叶的平均热值。     

不同林龄巨尾桉的灰分含量和热值

采用热量仪和马福炉对1～4年生4个不同林龄阶段巨尾桉的叶、枝、根、干、皮5个部位进行灰分含量和热值测定,结果表明:不同林龄巨尾桉其5个部位的平均灰分含量在(0.42±0.14)%～(4.43±1.35)%之间,以皮的最高、干的最低,各部位灰分含量的大小排列顺序无一相同且无明显的规律可循,除根外,叶、枝、干、皮在林分4个...     

Root traits and taxonomic affiliation of nine herbaceous species grown in glasshouse conditions

This study examines whether root traits differed between three major plant families (Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae) and whether they are related to root respiration and exudation. Nine traits related to biomass allocation, root topology, morphology, chemical composition and mycorrhizal colonisation were examined for nine C₃ herbaceous species grown in controlled conditions. Poaceae differed from Fabaceae for the whole set of root traits examined except mycorrhizal colonisation, while Asteraceae showed intermediate characteristics. As compared to Fabaceae, Poaceae allocated more biomass to roots; showed a more sparsely branched root system with a small average root diameter, a high root dry matter content and a low nitrogen concentration. Root respiration was weakly related to root mass ratio and root dry matter content; no significant relationship was found between root functions and root architecture or morphology. This study shows that plant classification based on taxonomic affiliation reflects differences in root system traits and functions. Whole root system traits do not allow strong predictions of root respiration and exudation, perhaps because these processes are more linked to fine root than to whole root system traits.     

Proline accumulation by tomato leaf tissue in response to salinity

The capacity of tomato leaf tissues to accumulate proline in response to a salt shock (150 mM NaCl) applied to excised shoots, leaves, leaflets or leaf discs was determined and compared to that of whole plants grown at the same salinity. The associated changes in free amino acids, Na+, K+ and Cl- contents were also investigated. In excised organs treated for 80 h, up to 200 mumol g-1 DW of proline were accumulated, whereas the amount of proline in leaf discs did not exceed a value ten-fold lower. In the whole plants subjected to salinity the Na+, Cl- and K+ contents remained low in comparison to that observed in excised organs. Proline and other amino acids increased more slowly in whole plants than in excised shoots. The contribution of roots and vascular tissues to the control of Na+ and Cl- accumulation and to the regulation of proline metabolism are discussed.     

几种红树植物木材热值和灰分含量的研究

在夏季对海南东寨港红树林自然保护区一些红树植物木材的灰分含量和热值进行了测定,并研究了夏季不同纬度的秋茄 (Kandelia candel)木材热值的变化.结果表明,红树植物木材的灰分含量较低,在2.43%～5.17%之间;干重热值在17.23～19.21kJ·g^-1之间,去灰分热值在 17.70～20.10kJ·g^-1之间;嗜热窄布种无瓣海桑 (Sonneratia apetala)木材的干重热值和去灰分热值均是最低;在夏季秋茄木材的热值随纬度升高而下降.     

Shoot apex removal does not alter autoregulation of Modulation in soybean

The suppression of new nodule development in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has been previously demonstrated to involve the shoot through reciprocal grafts between the wild-type cultivar Bragg and its supernodulating mutant nts382. Using the same grafting technique, but modified through the excision of the shoot apex region and emerging lateral shoots, we show here that autoregulation of nodule number still existed despite apex removal. This radical treatment lowered total nodule number per plant as well as root, shoot and nodule dry weight. Bragg shoots grafted onto nts382 roots gave wild-type nodulation (26 nodules, 15mg total nodule mass) as compared to nts382 shoots grafted onto Bragg roots (340 nodules, 277 mg total nodule mass). Specific nodule mass differed between supernodulating (about 0·5-1·0mg per nodule) and wild-type nodulating (2·3 mg per nodule) plants. In contrast to other growth characteristics, apex removal did not affect specific nodule size, except in plants with wild-type shoots and nts382 (supernodulation) roots. Apex removal only slightly affected the percentage of nodule weight per total root weight in nts382, but had a severe effect in wild type. Growth reductions varied between the normal and supernodulating plants. The fact that autoregulation of nodulation still functions in plants devoid of functional shoot apices suggests that the autoregulation signal may not be derived from the apex regions and that the leaf may be a likely source.