睡眠质量与脑胶质瘤致病关系的探索性研究

摘要 目的：探索睡眠质量与脑胶质瘤致病可能存在的关系,为脑胶质瘤的病因学研究提供一定科学的依据。方法：对 2017年 6月 -2018年 10月期间在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院及首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院就诊,并经术后病理诊断为脑胶质瘤的患者 109例,及对照组 117例,用问卷调查方式采样信息,包含性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、BMI、肿瘤家族史、居住地区、颅脑损伤史、睡眠质量情况（匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表 PSQI）。通过病例 -对照的研究方法,采用二元 Logistic回归分析,分析睡眠质量与脑胶质瘤致病间可能存在的关联性。结果：单因素 Logistic回归分析结果示睡眠质量差（OR=1.468,95%CI:1.275-2.275）、睡眠时间短（OR=1.797,95%CI:1.070-3.015）、睡眠效率低（OR=2.992,95%CI:2.259-3.964）、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表总分高（OR=1.180,95%CI:1.093-1.272）,提示上述因素可能与脑胶质瘤的致病存在关联,且具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多因素二元 Logistic回归分析结示,在带入性别、年龄、吸烟史、饮酒史、BMI、肿瘤家族史、居住地区、颅脑损伤史等暴露因素后,睡眠质量评分高,即睡眠质量差（OR=1.457,95%CI: 1.060-2.002）、睡眠效率评分高,即睡眠效率低（OR=4.267,95%CI: 2.634-6.914）,可能与脑胶质瘤的致病存在关联。结论：我们的研究表明,睡眠质量差、睡眠效率低与脑胶质瘤的致病可能存在关联,希望为脑胶质瘤病因学的进一步研究提供一定的参考依据。     

医学微生物学探索性实验教学与学生创新能力的培养

在高等教育面临着素质教育、培养创新人才的新形式下, 以提高学生的综合素质, 培养学生的创新精神、创新能力为出发点, 在2004级医学专业本科生中开设探索性实验。实践证明, 探索性实验的开展充分调动了学生的学习热情, 极大地激发了学生对微生物学的学习兴趣, 提高了微生物学实验教学质量。显然, 探索性实验的开展是传统教学模式的有益补充和尝试。     

医生职业倦怠量表的编制及信效度检验

目的:编制医生职业倦怠量表.方法:通过查阅文献、访谈及专家讨论,建立量表结构,并确定初始量表项目48条.在西安的两所三级甲等医院施测,2次分别选取176和436名医生作为样本.采用项目分析、探索性因素分析、信度分析、验证性因素分析等统计方法对数据进行统计分析.结果:医生职业倦怠量表由六个因素构成:疲劳感、工作能力下降、投入性下降、成就感降低、工作控制感下降以及工作前景.共有30个项目,量表总分与各因素之间的相关系数0.541～0.856(P＜0.001).六个因素的α系数在0.886～0.896之间,总量表的α系数为0.894.验证性因素分析拟合度较高(RESEA=0.062,GFI=0.859,CFI=0.842,IFI=0.851).医生职业倦怠量表总分及各因子分与工作倦怠问卷的总分及各因子分之间具有显著的相关性(P＜0.05).结论:编制的医生职业倦怠量表信度和效度符合心理测量学要求,可以作为医生职业倦怠测量的工具.     

呼吸系统疾病相关因素分析

第三次产业革命以后,人们的生活发生了翻天覆地的变化,伴随经济与科技的高速发展,高科技产品逐渐应用与各行各业,在给人们带来更加便捷、高效生活的同时,空气的污染、气候的变化以及吸烟等对人们的呼吸系统造成了极大的危害。为了有效的预防呼吸系统相关疾病,本文针对其相关因素进行分析。     

影响反应时的因素分析

采用实验及数理统计法,对被试验者的视觉反应时进行统计分析。结果表明:反应时间与练习的次数有密切联系;反应的时间有显著地个体差异;被试验者的疲劳程度也影响反应时间的长短;数据越复杂,反应时间越长。     

肠道菌群与骨关节炎危险因素相关性的研究进展

骨关节炎是一种慢性衰弱性关节疾病,以关节软骨退行性改变、软骨下骨重建和滑膜炎为主要特征。进一步确定骨关节炎的发病机制对于开发新的预防措施和完善相关治疗方法至关重要。随着分子细胞生物学的发展,肠道菌群在骨关节炎发病过程中扮演的主要角色引起了人们的关注。通过查阅国内外相关文献,人们发现肠道菌群与诱发骨关节炎的危险因素,如遗传、年龄、性别、饮食、代谢、中枢神经系统、运动和关节损伤等存在一定的相关性,从而导致骨关节炎具有个体差异性。为进一步明确肠道菌群与各因素间的联系,探索骨关节炎的个体化治疗方案,本文就肠道菌群与骨关节炎常见致病因素间的相关性作一综述,以期为临床完善治疗骨关节炎的策略提供新的视角与参考。     

衰弱量表在老年冠心病患者衰弱评估中的应用及其影响因素分析

目的:探讨三种衰弱评估量表对于老年冠心病患者衰弱病情评估的相关性及其影响因素。方法:选择2015年5月到2016年10月在老年医学中心确诊的120例冠心病患者作为研究对象,收集患者的临床资料,用Fried衰弱评分、临床衰弱量表(CFS)、爱特蒙特衰弱量表(EFS)对每位患者进行衰弱评估,将三种量表的评估结果进行相关性分析。结果:Fried评分、CFS评分与EFS评分判定为衰弱患者分别为6例、8例与14例,发生率为5.0%、6.7%和11.7%,组间对比无统计学意义,P0.05。直线相关分析显示Fried评分与CFS评分、EFS评分呈正向相关性(P0.05),对于冠心病患者衰弱评估具有一致性。对于冠心病衰弱程度评估中CFS评分与EFS评分之间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。Cox回归分析显示文化水平、心功能分级、居住情况与睡眠障碍为Fried评分的主要影响因素(P0.05)。结论:三种衰弱评估量表对于冠心病患者衰弱病情评估具有一致性,但具有不同的临床应用价值;患者的文化水平、心功能分级、居住情况与睡眠障碍与衰弱的发生有相关性。     

圈养马麝的个性分类

本研究在甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区马麝繁育场展开,分别于2012年7月和2013年8月,针对374只圈养马麝,采用基于量表的个性评价法进行评价调查。结果表明:可建立包含17个个性项目的圈养马麝个性量表,因子分析显示每个项目公因子方差和载荷均大于0. 4,各因子累计贡献率为60. 33%,表明此量表具有较好的结构效度。此外Cronbach’sα系数为0. 787,表明量表具有较高的内部一致性信度,量表设计合理;因子分析和聚类分析结果显示,可将圈养马麝划分为五大个性维度:侵略性、社会性、刻板性、温顺性、活跃性。研究发现,圈养马麝个性维度与野生个体的个性类型划分存在差异,主要是受圈养条件和人为干扰等影响。圈养马麝个性量表和五大个性维度的建立对指导马麝繁育管理具有重要实践价值,填补了马麝个性研究的空缺,并为进一步进行麝类动物个性研究奠定了基础。另外,此类个性层次研究方法具有较好区分度,可为其他动物个性的初期研究提供参考。     

脑梗死复发的相关因素分析

目的:对引起脑梗死复发的相关因素进行分析探讨.方法:将2005年1月～2009年12月期间我院收治的41例脑梗死复发患者作为复发组,在同期我院收治的初发脑梗死患者中选取42例患者作为初发组,观察记录两组患者相关因素分析、临床检测指标等,进行比较.结果:两组患者通过各项数据对比分析,发现复发组患者在吸烟、饮酒、高血脂、心脏病方面均较初发组具有显著性差异(P<0.05);高血压、糖尿病方面较初发组有显著性差异(P<0.01),具有统计学意义.在临床指标方面.复发组在低血钾、肝肾功能异常方面较初发组有显著性差异(P<0.05),心电图异常明显高于初发组(P<0.01).结论:吸烟、饮酒、糖尿病、心脏病、高血压、高血脂均为造成脑梗死复发的相关因素,应严加控制与防范.     

影响静脉穿刺的因素分析与对策

静脉穿刺术是临床工作中常见的一项护理操作技术。无论是静脉输液 ,还是抽血检查 ,都要进行静脉穿刺。静脉穿刺的失误或迟缓 ,不仅给病人带来痛苦 ,而且延误临床诊断或治疗 ,严重者甚至危及病人的生命。因此 ,我们结合临床工作实践 ,分析影响静脉穿刺的因素 ,总结提高静脉穿刺的成功率 ,现报告如下。1　患者方面1 .1　血管状况　由于患者的年龄、性别、所患疾病不同 ,其血管也各有特点。例如 :老年人的血管由于皮下脂肪少 ,又缺乏弹性 ,血管在皮下易于滑动 ;失血、严重脱水、循环衰竭的患者 ,血管常塌陷难以充盈 ,触摸不清 ;肥胖或水肿病人…     

征兵情境下社会期许性量表的编制

本研究根据Paulhus1998年提出的双成分模型为理论基础,结合已有问卷,编制征兵心理检测情境下社会期许性量表。对某军校2010级的1224名新生分别在\"应征心理检测情境\"和\"非应征情境\"下,进行两次施测,前后测试间隔7个月,并对调查数据进行探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析。根据探索性因子分析提取的印象管理和自我欺骗两因子模型,符合理论构想,经验证性因子分析表明量表的结构效度良好;前后测试结果具有显著性差异,且效应值较大;内部一致性信度和重测信度均符合预期设想,自编征兵情境下社会期许性量表的信、效度均达到心理测量学的要求。     

Effects of under- and overcrowding on exploratory behavior in the elevated plus-maze

The present work investigated whether the number of rats housed in a cage affects exploration of an elevated plus-maze. Male Wistar-derived rats were kept 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, or 24 to same size cages either for 1 or 14 days and tested in the elevated plus-maze. Rats kept 6 to a cage were arbitrarily considered controls because this is the housing condition adopted in many laboratories, ours included. In comparison to controls, 1-day housed rats kept 1, 2, 16, and 24 to a cage decreased the percentage of entries into the open arms. Similar decreases were also found in the time spent in the open arms, the only exception being the group with rats kept 16 to a cage which failed to show significant differences from the control group. Fourteen-day housed rats kept 1, 2, 16, or 24 to a cage decreased the percentage of entries and time spent in the open arms. We found plus-maze exploration to be similar in groups in which rats were kept from 4 to 12 to a cage. The present data indicate that anxiogenic effects resulting from under- and overcrowding should be taken into consideration in behavioral studies.     

Individual differences in responses of Norway rats to social induction of food preferences

Each of 36 observer rats was: (1) exposed to a demonstrator rat that had eaten an unpalatable, cayenne-pepper-flavored diet (Diet Cay), then tested to determine its willingness to eat Diet Cay and (2) exposed to a demonstrator rat that had eaten a palatable diet (Diet NPT) to which the observer had previously learned an aversion, then tested to determine its willingness to eat Diet NPT. In both instances, some observers ate substantial amounts of the diet that their respective demonstrators had eaten, while other observers did not. No consistency was found across the two situations in the relative susceptibility of individual observer rats to social influences on their food choices. In a second experiment, observer rats interacted, at 3 day intervals, with demonstrator rats that had each eaten different diets. After each interaction, all observers were given a choice test to determine their preferences for the diet that their demonstrators had eaten. Again, there was no consistency in the relative strength of individual observer rats' socially induced preferences for diets fed to demonstrators. Stable individual differences in magnitude of susceptibility to social influence on food preference did not account for a detectable proportion of observed variance in diet selection.     

Acting unilaterally: Why do animals with strongly lateralized brains behave differently than those with weakly lateralized brains?

Cerebral lateralization was once thought to be unique to humans, but is now known to be widespread among the vertebrates. Lateralization appears to confer cognitive advantages upon those that possess it. Despite the taxonomic ubiquity and described advantages of lateralization, substantial individual variation exists in all species. Individual variation in cerebral lateralization may be tied to individual variation in behaviour and the selective forces that act to maintain variation in behaviour may also act to maintain variation in lateralization. The mechanisms linking individual variation in the strength of cerebral lateralization to individual variation in behaviour remain obscure. We propose here a general hypothesis which may help to explain this link. We suggest that individuals with strong and weak lateralizations behave differently because of differences in the ability of one hemisphere to inhibit the functions of the other in each type of brain organization. We also suggest a specific mechanism involving the asymmetric epithalamic nucleus, the habenula. We conclude by discussing some predictions and potential tests of our hypothesis.     

Assessment of individual differences in the preferred proximity to a human feeder by partitioned raisin test, with two species of macaque monkeys

All animals must acquire food and mates by approaching them despite possibilities of accompanying risks and thus are frequently encountered with approach-avoidance conflicts in daily lives. Behavioral individual differences in such situations may be considered as one of the most biologically fundamental personality trains. “Partitioned raisin test” was devised to assess this trait with macaque monkeys. It involved throwing raisins into groups of monkeys and observing the preferred distance of each from the human feeder, a source of possible harm. The test was administered to 4 groups of Japanese monkeys (30 total) and 3 groups of rhesus monkeys (19 total), all l-yr-old and matched in history. Individual differences in the preferred proximity to the feeder, as expressed by the Proximity Index (PI), were found in both species.PI was not correlated with a measure of dominance over the raisins. Individual differences inPI were also not due to territorial effects unrelated to the location of the feeder.PI was stable in five of the six monkeys re-tested after one year of interval in a newly organized group, where there supposedly had been a change in their social structure. Partitioned raisin test was shown to be capable of depicting individual differences related to differential approach bias in an approach-avoidance conflict situation. Although possible confounding effects by social factors need to be delineated in the following studies, the method may provide a handy and widely applicable way for the assessment of this trait with monkeys.     

鼎湖山南亚热带常绿阔叶林不同树种存活对邻体组成的响应差异

理解群落结构和动态的主导机制是生态学研究的基本目标之一。群落内树种的存活受到其邻近树木的显著影响。为探究不同树种的存活对邻体组成的响应差异, 本研究基于鼎湖山南亚热带阔叶林20 ha森林动态监测样地中常见的90个树种的存活监测数据和功能性状数据, 建立了一系列关于邻体效应的树种存活模型。结果表明: 约58%的树种存活对邻体组成有敏感的响应, 共存树种间的功能性状差异影响着50%的树种存活动态。不同树种对邻体组成的响应差异与其耐阴性相关, 耐阴能力较弱的树种更倾向于表现出对邻体的敏感性。低比叶面积、高叶干物质含量、木材密度和最大胸径意味着较强的耐阴能力, 与光资源利用策略有关的生态位分化可能是邻域尺度上物种共存的原因。本研究为量化邻体间的相互作用和解释局域群落的物种共存提供了新的视角。