华东四省天目臭蛙分类修订及分布格局

运用形态学比较和12S mt DNA序列比对,对华东4省原记载的花臭蛙Odorrana schmackeri地理种群与天目臭蛙O.tianmuii、黄岗臭蛙O.huanggangensis及花臭蛙模式产地湖北宜昌种群进行比较研究。浙江、安徽、江苏、江西(三清山)花臭蛙形态学特征与天目臭蛙相吻合。基于Kimura 2-parameter模型计算花臭蛙各地理种群与天目臭蛙、黄岗臭蛙及花臭蛙湖北宜昌种群的遗传距离,结果显示,浙江、安徽、江苏、江西(三清山、彭泽)花臭蛙与湖北宜昌种群的遗传距离为0.067~0.069,与黄岗臭蛙的遗传距离为0.027~0.029,与天目臭蛙的遗传距离仅为0~0.001。因此,长江中下游以南、江南丘陵东段安徽南部、江苏、浙江、江西东北部信江以北、鄱阳湖以东的低山丘陵地带,原记录的花臭蛙应修订为天目臭蛙;江西省东北部信江以南的武夷山区为黄岗臭蛙分布范围,花臭蛙则分布于赣江鄱阳湖以西的赣西山地。赣江以东、抚河以西以及闽东丘陵地区花臭蛙的分类归属尚待确定,华东地区花臭蛙复合体的物种分化是否与水系造成的地理阻隔相关,有待深入研究。     

重庆市发现光雾臭蛙和南江臭蛙

2012年6月23日,在重庆市城口县大巴山国家级自然保护区综合科考过程中采集到臭蛙属(Odorrana)标本5号,经鉴定为光雾臭蛙(O.kuangwuensis)3号、南江臭蛙(O.nanjiangensis)2号,均为重庆市两栖类新纪录.     

湖南省花臭蛙复合体分类及分布格局

运用形态特征系统聚类和分子系统学分析,研究先前报道的湖南省花臭蛙(Odorrana schmackeri)各地理种群的分类组成及其分布格局。结果显示,原认定的花臭蛙湖南省各地理种群已分化为花臭蛙和黄岗臭蛙(O.huanggangensis)两个物种。分布于湘西南及南部雪峰山和南岭的花臭蛙种群应修订为黄岗臭蛙,为湖南省臭蛙属物种新发现,湘西北及湘东南罗霄山脉的种群为花臭蛙,黄岗臭蛙与花臭蛙在张家界市武陵源景区同域分布。湘西北武陵山与雪峰山之间以及湘中丘陵地带花臭蛙种群的分类归属,黄岗臭蛙和花臭蛙在湖南省分布格局的形成以及同域分布的机制值得探讨。     

福建宁德发现凹耳臭蛙

2021年4月在福建宁德蕉城区石墩村采集到3只相同蛙类,通过形态特征鉴定为隶属于无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)臭蛙属(Odorrana)的凹耳臭蛙(O.tormota).凹耳臭蛙为中国特有种,之前仅被报道分布于安徽黄山,浙江建德、天台、安吉,江西婺源和江苏宜兴,其纬度分布范围在29°～31° N之间.该物种...     

务川臭蛙皮肤及指趾组织学特征

务川臭蛙仅分布于贵州省务川县溶洞内,属极危物种.以牛蛙为对照,通过形态解剖学和组织学方法对务川臭蛙的皮肤和吸盘结构进行研究,结果显示,务川臭蛙头部背侧、后肢背侧以及躯干腹侧皮肤总厚度分别为372.50 μm±29.7 μm、453.25 μm ± 13.9 μm及237.92 μm±31.8 μm,各部分皮肤真皮层所占比例分别为(88.86±1.41)％、(90.65 ±0.81)％和(86.59±1.77)％,其中分布着大量的颗粒腺和粘液腺;前后肢每个指(趾)末端的吸盘,腹面有明显的柱状凸起表皮结构,其间有小孔和粘液腺,是务川臭蛙在溶洞壁上攀爬捕食的结构基础.务川臭蛙具有的特殊生理结构,是珍贵的遗传资源,应当加强科学保护.     

陕西镇坪发现光雾臭蛙

2022年6月在陕西省安康市镇坪县化龙山自然保护区(32°00′01″ N,109°17′05″ E,海拔1 641 m)采集到1号无尾两栖类标本,经形态特征比较确认为臭蛙属(Odorrana)物种,基于线粒体16S rRNA分子片段对臭蛙属35个物种的系统发育进行分析,其与模式产地四川南江的光雾臭蛙(O. kuangwuensis)在最大似然系统发育树中聚为一支,支持率高达99%,且遗传分化较小,应属种内关系。综合形态特征比较和系统发育分析,确定采集到的标本为无尾目(Anura)蛙科(Ranidae)臭蛙属的光雾臭蛙,系陕西省两栖动物分布新记录种,此发现为光雾臭蛙在大巴山脉分布的连续性提供了一定依据。     

三种蛙类呼吸系统比较解剖及进化关系探讨

对昆明地区滇蛙Rana pleuraden和昭觉林蛙R.chaochiaoensis及大蹼铃蟾Bombina maxima的呼吸系统比较解剖,结果表明,3种蛙鼻孔的开合与颏下肌的收缩无关;大蹼铃蟾的内鼻孔较昭觉林蛙与滇蛙的更靠近口前端;昭觉林蛙和滇蛙的下颌下肌倾斜走向,大蹼铃蟾的呈水平走向;滇蛙和昭觉林蛙喉气管室较膨大而长,环状软骨后端有棘突,大蹼铃蟾喉气管室狭小而短,环状软骨后端无棘突;昭觉林蛙和滇蛙喉肌共5对,大蹼铃蟾喉肌仅有喉口开肌和前杓肌2对;昭觉林蛙和滇蛙肺囊表面沟回较大蹼铃蟾的小而密.     

福建省花臭蛙复合体组成及 天目臭蛙分布新记录记述

由于没有明显的地理阻隔,闽浙丘陵地带花臭蛙复合体（Odorrana schmackeri species complex）的物种组成、分布界限、分布格局存在争议。2016年9月至10月对闽浙交界地带福建省宁德市屏南县和南平市浦城县进行野外考察、样本收集,通过扩增样本线粒体12S rRNA和16S rRNA基因并与黄岗臭蛙（O. huanggangensis）、天目臭蛙（O. tianmuii）和花臭蛙（O. schmackeri）的序列进行比对,构建系统发生关系、计算遗传距离,结合形态学鉴定和形态量度分析,对福建省花臭蛙复合体组成进行了研究。结果显示,福建省花臭蛙复合体包括黄岗臭蛙和天目臭蛙,其中黄岗臭蛙分布于武夷山山区、闽江和九龙江流域,天目臭蛙仅分布于衢江（钱塘江主要支流）的次源地——浦城县管厝乡东北部,为福建省臭蛙类分布新记录种。本研究增添了福建省两栖动物多样性并细化了黄岗臭蛙和天目臭蛙在该省分布范围的认识,但是浦城县西北端长江流域的花臭蛙复合体的物种组成仍需进一步确认。水系和流域是否影响花臭蛙复合体物种分化和分布格局以及这些近缘物种的物种形成机制有待进一步研究。     

中国蛙科一新种(两栖纲,无尾目)

对分布于广西龙胜和湖南宜章的龙胜臭蛙Odorrana(Odorrana)lungshengensis作了进一步比较研究,发现两者的形态特征有明显区别,并将湖南宜章的标本命名为新种--宜章臭蛙Odorrana(Odorrana)yizhangensis sp.nov..     

江西武夷山国家级自然保护区两栖动物多样性初报

2006年7月对江西武夷山国家级自然保护区进行了野外调查.该保护区共有两栖动物28种,隶属于2目8科18属.其中广布种3种,占10.7%,其余25种均为东洋界种类,比例高达89.3%.东洋界种类中,华中区物种有9种,占32.2%;属华中华南区共同分布的有16种,占57.1%.该区以蛙科为优势科,其中又以臭蛙属和水蛙属为优势属.考察中发现了九龙棘蛙和武夷湍蛙两个江西省两栖动物新纪录,至此江西省两栖动物种类增至41种.     

Transcriptome Comparisons Identify New Cell Markers for Theca Interna and Granulosa Cells from Small and Large Antral Ovarian Follicles

In studies using isolated ovarian granulosa and thecal cells it is important to assess the degree of cross contamination. Marker genes commonly used for granulosa cells include FSHR, CYP19A1 and AMH while CYP17A1 and INSL3 are used for thecal cells. To increase the number of marker genes available we compared expression microarray data from isolated theca interna with that from granulosa cells of bovine small (n = 10 for both theca and granulosa cells; 3-5 mm) and large (n = 4 for both theca and granulosa cells, > 9 mm) antral follicles. Validation was conducted by qRT-PCR analyses. Known markers such as CYP19A1, FSHR and NR5A2 and another 11 genes (LOC404103, MGARP, GLDC, CHST8, CSN2, GPX3, SLC35G1, CA8, CLGN, FAM78A, SLC16A3) were common to the lists of the 50 most up regulated genes in granulosa cells from both follicle sizes. The expression in theca interna was more consistent than in granulosa cells between the two follicle sizes. Many genes up regulated in theca interna were common to both sizes of follicles (MGP, DCN, ASPN, ALDH1A1, COL1A2, FN1, COL3A1, OGN, APOD, COL5A2, IGF2, NID1, LHFP, ACTA2, DUSP12, ACTG2, SPARCL1, FILIP1L, EGFLAM, ADAMDEC1, HPGD, COL12A1, FBLN5, RAMP2, COL15A1, PLK2, COL6A3, LOXL1, RARRES1, FLI1, LAMA2). Many of these were stromal extracellular matrix genes. MGARP, GLDC, CHST8, GPX3 were identified as new potential markers for granulosa cells, while FBLN5, OGN, RAMP2 were significantly elevated in the theca interna.     

The ant genus Carebara Westwood (Hymenoptera,Formicidae): synonymisation of Pheidologeton Mayr under Carebara,establishment and revision of the C. polita species group

In this paper the genus Pheidologeton Mayr, 1862 is synonymized under Carebara Westwood, 1840 and the Carebara polita group is established and revised. This species group currently includes six species from the Afrotropical region (C. madibai, C. nicotianae, C. perpusilla, C. polita, C. silvestrii, and C. villiersi) and two species from the Neotropical region (C. brevipilosa and C. urichi). The polita group clearly links Carebara and Pheidologeton, and, due to a lack of autapomorphic characters for the latter, a separation of the two genera is no longer justified. As a result Carebara is presented as a monophyletic and better defined genus that can be separated from other genera with more confidence. We present an overview of the distribution and biology of Carebara as well as images from the various genera currently in synonymy under Carebara, and discuss the characters they share. The polymorphism present in Afrotropical and Malagasy Carebara is discussed and one new species from Africa, C. madibai sp. n., is described. The subspecies Carebara perpusilla arnoldiana syn. n., Carebara perpusilla concedens syn. n., and Carebara perpusilla spinosa syn. n. are new synonyms of Carebara perpusilla. Oligomyrmex politus nicotianae is re-elevated to species level and transferred into Carebara, C. nicotianae comb. n., stat. rev.; C. punctata is a new synonym of C. silvestrii comb. n. and C. pygmaea albipes comb. n., syn n., C. pygmaea bugnioni comb. n., syn. n., and C. simularensis syn. n. are new synonyms of C. pygmaea comb. n.. The following names are transferred from Pheidologeton to Carebara as new combinations (with the species epithets adjusted to female endings where necessary): aberrans, affinis, affinis javana, affinis minor, affinis spinosior, affinis sumatrensis, ceylonensis, dentiviris, diversa, diversa draco, diversa ficta, diversa laotina, diversa macgregori, diversa philippina, diversa standfussi, diversa taprobanae, diversa tenuirugosa, diversa williamsi, hammoniae, hostilis, kunensis, latinoda, maccus, mayri, melanocephala, melasolena, nana, nanningensis, obscura, petulens, pullata, pungens, pygmaea, rubra, rugiceps, rugosa, schossnicensis, silena, silvestrii, solitaria, transversalis, trechideros, varia, vespilla, volsellata, yanoi, and zengchengensis. Three new combinations are creating secondary junior homonyms and are here replaced with new names: C. mayri (Santschi, 1928) = C. gustavmayri nom. n., C. rugosa (Karavaiev, 1935) = C. rugoflabella nom. n., and C. silvestrii (Wheeler, 1929b) = C. luzonensis nom. n. Two new combinations are creating secondary junior homonyms among species already in Carebara: C. taprobanae (Forel, 1911a) = C. sinhala nom. n., and C. nana Santschi, 1919 = C. pumilia nom. n.     

Diversity of sporadic symbionts and nonsymbiotic endophytic bacteria isolated from nodules of woody, shrub, and food legumes in Ethiopia

Fifty-five bacterial isolates were obtained from surface-sterilized nodules of woody and shrub legumes growing in Ethiopia: Crotalaria spp., Indigofera spp., and Erythrina brucei, and the food legumes soybean and common bean. Based on partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the majority of the isolates were identified as Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genera Achromobacter, Agrobacterium, Burkholderia, Cronobacter, Enterobacter, Mesorhizobium, Novosphingobium, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Rahnella, Rhizobium, Serratia, and Variovorax. Seven isolates were Gram-positive bacteria belonging to the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Planomicrobium, and Rhodococcus. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting showed that each strain was genetically distinct. According to phylogenetic analysis of recA, glnII, rpoB, and 16S rRNA gene sequences, Rhizobium, Mesorhizobium, and Agrobacterium were further classified into six different genospecies: Agrobacterium spp., Agrobacterium radiobacter, Rhizobium sp., Rhizobium phaseoli, Mesorhizobium sp., and putative new Rhizobium species. The strains from R. phaseoli, Rhizobium sp. IAR30, and Mesorhizobium sp. ERR6 induced nodules on their host plants. The other strains did not form nodules on their original host. Nine endophytic bacterial strains representing seven genera, Agrobacterium, Burkholderia, Paenibacillus, Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, and Serratia, were found to colonize nodules of Crotalaria incana and common bean on co-inoculation with symbiotic rhizobia. Four endophytic Rhizobium and two Agrobacterium strains had identical nifH gene sequences with symbiotic Rhizobium strains, suggesting horizontal gene transfer. Most symbiotic and nonsymbiotic endophytic bacteria showed plant growth-promoting properties in vitro, which indicate their potential role in the promotion of plant growth when colonizing plant roots and the rhizosphere.     

Coleopteran-specific and putative novel cry genes in Iranian native Bacillus thuringiensis collection

The characterization of the strains containing Coleopteran-specific and also putative novel cry genes in Iranian native Bacillus thuringiensis collection is presented. Characterization was based on PCR analysis using 31 general and specific primers for cry1B, cry1I, cry3A, cry3B, cry3C, cry7A, cry8A, cry8B, cry8C, cry14, cry18, cry26, cry28, cry34 and cry35 genes, protein band patterns as well as their insecticidal activity on Xanthogaleruca luteola Mull. larvae. Forty six isolates (65.7%) contained minimum one Coleopteran-active cry gene. Based on universal primers, strains containing cry18 and cry26 genes were the most abundant and represent 27.1% and 24% of the isolates, respectively, whereas cry14, cry3, cry28, cry34, cry35, cry7, cry8 genes were less abundant, found in 14.2, 12.5, 10, 7, 7 and 5.6% of the strains, respectively. Based on specific primers, isolates containing cry1I were the most abundant (48.5%). Two strains containing Coleopteran-active cry genes showed higher activity against X. luteola larvae than B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni pathovar tenebrionis. Thirty isolates, when assayed for cry1C, cry5, cry6, cry8b, cry9, cry10, cry11, cry18, cry24 and cry35 genes, showed unexpected size bands. Cloning and sequencing of the amplicons allowed both the identification of known cry genes and the detection of putative novel cry1C sequences.     

Ribosomal Protein Genes RPS10 and RPS26 Are Commonly Mutated in Diamond-Blackfan Anemia

Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by anemia that usually presents before the first birthday or in early childhood, is associated with birth defects and an increased risk of cancer. Although anemia is the most prominent feature of DBA, the disease is also characterized by growth retardation and congenital malformations, in particular craniofacial, upper limb, heart, and urinary system defects that are present in ∼30%–50% of patients. DBA has been associated with mutations in seven ribosomal protein (RP) genes, RPS19, RPS24, RPS17, RPL35A, RPL5, RPL11, and RPS7, in about 43% of patients. To continue our large-scale screen of RP genes in a DBA population, we sequenced 35 ribosomal protein genes, RPL15, RPL24, RPL29, RPL32, RPL34, RPL9, RPL37, RPS14, RPS23, RPL10A, RPS10, RPS12, RPS18, RPL30, RPS20, RPL12, RPL7A, RPS6, RPL27A, RPLP2, RPS25, RPS3, RPL41, RPL6, RPLP0, RPS26, RPL21, RPL36AL, RPS29, RPL4, RPLP1, RPL13, RPS15A, RPS2, and RPL38, in our DBA patient cohort of 117 probands. We identified three distinct mutations of RPS10 in five probands and nine distinct mutations of RPS26 in 12 probands. Pre-rRNA analysis in lymphoblastoid cells from patients bearing mutations in RPS10 and RPS26 showed elevated levels of 18S-E pre-rRNA. This accumulation is consistent with the phenotype observed in HeLa cells after knockdown of RPS10 or RPS26 expression with siRNAs, which indicates that mutations in the RPS10 and RPS26 genes in DBA patients affect the function of the proteins in rRNA processing.