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1.
脯氨酸代谢与植物抗渗透胁迫的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
脯氨酸被认为是植物和细菌内的一种相容渗透剂,有助于植物和细菌抵御渗透胁迫。本文就近年来有关植物体内脯氨酸合成和代谢、脯氨酸含量受渗透胁迫的影响情况、脯氨酸合成降解有关的酶及其基因、脯氨酸在细胞中的运输和定位、ABA与脯氨酸的诱导合成以及脯氨酸和植物抗渗透胁迫关系的研究进展作了简要综述。  相似文献   

2.
高等植物脯氨酸代谢研究进展   总被引:19,自引:1,他引:19  
很多植物在胁迫条件下可以通过增加合成、减少降解而在体内累积大量脯氨酸,这对于调节渗透平衡、防止渗透胁迫对植物造成伤害、清除自由基、保护细胞结构具有重要意义。脯氨酸合成、降解相关酶的编码基因大都已经克隆到,但对脯氨酸在植物发育中的具体作用、胁迫条件下脯氨酸累积的分子机理了解还比较少。概述了植物控制脯氨酸合成、降解相关酶的编码基因的研究进展情况。  相似文献   

3.
脯氨酸代谢与植物抗渗透胁迫的研究进展   总被引:60,自引:0,他引:60  
脯氨酸被认为是植物和细菌内的一种相容渗透剂,有助于植物和细菌抵御渗透胁迫。本文就近年来有关植物体内脯氨酸合成和代谢、脯氨酸含量受渗透胁迫的影响情况、脯氨酸合成降解有关的酶及其基因、脯氨酸在细胞中的运输和定位、ABA与脯氨酸的诱导合成以及脯氨酸和植物抗渗透胁迫关系的研究进展作了简要综述。  相似文献   

4.
基因转录调节是植物对非生物胁迫适应机制的一个重要方面,转录调节因子在胁迫信号转导途径中调节下游基因的表达,在建立植物对胁迫适应性过程中起到重要作用.锌指蛋白是功能多样的转录调节因子蛋白家族,家族成员在植物响应非生物胁迫方面扮演着重要角色.本研究以秋茄C2H2型锌指蛋白编码基因KcZFP为目的基因,在烟草中过表达KcZFP,分析C2H2型锌指蛋白在植物耐盐性中的作用.研究结果显示:转基因株系中,KcZFP表达量显著提高.过表达KcZFP的烟草植株的耐盐性明显提高,在200 mmol/L NaCl处理的条件下,KcZFP过表达烟草中脯氨酸水平远高于野生型植株.对光合作用参数比较分析显示,在KcZFP过表达植株中净光合速率受盐胁迫的影响小于野生型植株,光合系统在一定程度上得到了保护.研究结果说明KcZFP作为转录调节因子参与了植物的渗透调节,对植物的耐盐性具有贡献.  相似文献   

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NAC(NAM、ATAF1/2和CUC2)转录因子是植物特有的转录调控因子,在植物的器官建成、生长发育以及抵御非生物胁迫等方面发挥着至关重要的作用。该文利用基因芯片技术筛选转Sl NAC10基因拟南芥和野生型拟南芥非生物胁迫抗性相关差异表达基因,并通过实时荧光定量PCR对部分差异表达基因进行验证。芯片结果显示,差异表达2倍以上的基因有4 054个,其中与非生物胁迫相关基因有15个,与非生物胁迫相关的转录因子基因有14个,这些基因参与应答渗透胁迫、响应高盐、冷、热、高光强等胁迫。对差异表达2倍以上的基因进行GO(Gene Ontology)分析和KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)分析,发现这些基因在非生物胁迫相关的13个注释中富集,涉及相关代谢途径96个,其中包括植物激素信号转导、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、吲哚生物碱合成、谷胱甘肽代谢等。以上结果表明,SlNAC10可直接或间接调控多种下游基因的表达,提高植物抵御非生物胁迫的能力。  相似文献   

6.
植物的生长发育容易受到外界环境变化的影响。非生物胁迫发生时,表观遗传机制对胁迫应答基因的表达调控发挥了十分重要的作用。近年来,调控植物非生物胁迫应答的表观遗传机制研究取得了一系列重要进展,为进一步深入解析植物响应非生物胁迫的分子机制奠定了基础。该文对DNA甲基化修饰、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑和非编码RNA等主要表观遗传调控方式在植物响应非生物胁迫中的作用进行了简要综述。  相似文献   

7.
DREB转录因子与植物非生物胁迫抗性研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
干旱、高盐、低温等非生物逆境胁迫严重影响植物的生长发育和作物产量。转录因子在调节植物生长发育以及对外界环境胁迫的响应方面起着重要作用。DREB类转录因子即干旱应答元件结合蛋白是AP2/EREBP转录因子家族的一个亚家族,拥有保守的AP2结构域,能够与DRE/CRT顺式作用元件特异结合,在非生物逆境胁迫条件下调节一系列下游胁迫诱导逆境应答基因的表达,从而提高植物耐逆性。就DREB转录因子的结构特点、表达调控以及提高转基因植株胁迫耐受性的最新研究成果进行了评述。  相似文献   

8.
植物对非生物胁迫应答的转录因子及调控机制   总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8  
植物对非生物胁迫的应答反应涉及到许多基因和生化分子机制,胁迫相关基因、蛋白质及代谢物构成了一个复杂的调控网络,其中转录控制具有举足轻重的作用。本文主要对近年来发现的几种在转录控制中起关键作用的转录因子CBF/DREB、bZIP、MYB/MYC和HSF及其调控机制进行介绍。这几种转录因子可以分别和胁迫应答顺式作用元件CRT/DRE、ABRE、MYB/MYC识别位点及HSE结合,在非生物胁迫条件下调控下游靶基因的表达,进而使一些胁迫保护物质如脯氨酸、可溶性糖类、自由基的清除剂、热休克蛋白和分子伴侣等的表达水平升高,最终增强植物对非生物胁迫的耐受能力。  相似文献   

9.
利用转基因途径提高植物非生物胁迫耐受性的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
包括干旱在内的非生物胁迫是农业生产中导致作物减产的主要因素。利用现代分子生物学技术阐明非生物胁迫耐受性的控制机理,以及工程化胁迫耐受性作物均基于特异胁迫相关基因的表达。因此,发展胁迫耐受性植物的基因工程可能是增强作物品种胁迫耐受性的一条捷径。但转基因品种产生不仅受限于转化过程的是否成功,而且受限于胁迫耐受性是否适当整合;仍需阐明胁迫条件下转基因植物的评价,以及转入基因在整体植株水平的生理效应。综述利用转基因技术提高植物非生物胁迫耐受性的研究进展,讨论在接近大田环境条件下的非生物胁迫响应的评估和转基因植物耐受性的检测标准。  相似文献   

10.
本研究以烟草为材料异源过表达了胡杨PeDWF4基因,选取T1代的转基因阳性植株和野生型烟草幼苗水培培养50 d后对其分别施加100 mmol/L Na Cl、100 mmol/L甘露醇和100μmol/L Cu SO4进行处理,通过测定其植株生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶系统酶SOD和POD活性,渗透调节物质(脯氨酸,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白)含量等,研究在不同非生物胁迫下PeDWF4转基因烟草对胁迫的生理生化响应及过量表达PeDWF4基因对其抗逆方面的影响和作用。结果表明,(1)异源过表达PeDWF4基因可显著提高转基因烟草的植株鲜重和生物量;(2)在3种胁迫下,转基因烟草通过减少叶片内叶绿素的降解,增加抗氧化系统酶SOD和POD活性以及提高渗透调节物脯氨酸等的含量等方式来减少非生物胁迫对自身的伤害。以上结果表明,异源表达PeDWF4基因可能是通过提高了转基因烟草內源的BR含量,从而提高了烟草对于以上3种非生物胁迫的耐性。  相似文献   

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Fan W  Zhang M  Zhang H  Zhang P 《PloS one》2012,7(5):e37344
Abiotic stresses are critical delimiters for the increased productivity and cultivation expansion of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), a root crop with worldwide importance. The increased production of glycine betaine (GB) improves plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses without strong phenotypic changes, providing a feasible approach to improve stable yield production under unfavorable conditions. The gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is involved in the biosynthesis of GB in plants, and the accumulation of GB by the heterologous overexpression of BADH improves abiotic stress tolerance in plants. This study is to improve sweet potato, a GB accumulator, resistant to multiple abiotic stresses by promoted GB biosynthesis. A chloroplastic BADH gene from Spinacia oleracea (SoBADH) was introduced into the sweet potato cultivar Sushu-2 via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The overexpression of SoBADH in the transgenic sweet potato improved tolerance to various abiotic stresses, including salt, oxidative stress, and low temperature. The increased BADH activity and GB accumulation in the transgenic plant lines under normal and multiple environmental stresses resulted in increased protection against cell damage through the maintenance of cell membrane integrity, stronger photosynthetic activity, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induction or activation of ROS scavenging by the increased activity of free radical-scavenging enzymes. The increased proline accumulation and systemic upregulation of many ROS-scavenging genes in stress-treated transgenic plants also indicated that GB accumulation might stimulate the ROS-scavenging system and proline biosynthesis via an integrative mechanism. This study demonstrates that the enhancement of GB biosynthesis in sweet potato is an effective and feasible approach to improve its tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses without causing phenotypic defects. This strategy for trait improvement in sweet potato not only stabilizes yield production in normal soils in unpredictable climates but also provides a novel germplasm for sweet potato production on marginal lands.  相似文献   

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谢兆辉 《遗传》2009,31(8):809-817
世界范围内, 农作物的产量都容易受到各种生物和非生物因素的影响, 对植物逆境适应性反应机制的深入研究有助于我们采取新的措施, 以提高作物的逆境适应性。以前通常认为植物适应逆境胁迫的机制主要涉及相关基因在转录水平的调节, 然而, 近来发现部分内源小RNAs(siRNAs), 如miRNAs、 nat-siRNAs和 lsiRNAs不仅可以调节植物的生长发育,而且在植物逆境反应中具有重要作用。文章就这些内源小RNAs在氧、矿质元素、干旱、低温、脱落酸、机械、重金属、生物及其他环境因素胁迫中的作用机制做一概述。  相似文献   

16.
Climate change and abiotic stress factors are key players in crop losses worldwide. Among which, extreme temperatures (heat and cold) disturb plant growth and development, reduce productivity and, in severe cases, lead to plant death. Plants have developed numerous strategies to mitigate the detrimental impact of temperature stress. Exposure to stress leads to the accumulation of various metabolites, e.g. sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids and amino acids. Plants accumulate the amino acid ‘proline’ in response to several abiotic stresses, including temperature stress. Proline abundance may result from de novo synthesis, hydrolysis of proteins, reduced utilization or degradation. Proline also leads to stress tolerance by maintaining the osmotic balance (still controversial), cell turgidity and indirectly modulating metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, the crosstalk of proline with other osmoprotectants and signalling molecules, e.g. glycine betaine, abscisic acid, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, soluble sugars, helps to strengthen protective mechanisms in stressful environments. Development of less temperature-responsive cultivars can be achieved by manipulating the biosynthesis of proline through genetic engineering. This review presents an overview of plant responses to extreme temperatures and an outline of proline metabolism under such temperatures. The exogenous application of proline as a protective molecule under extreme temperatures is also presented. Proline crosstalk and interaction with other molecules is also discussed. Finally, the potential of genetic engineering of proline-related genes is explained to develop ‘temperature-smart’ plants. In short, exogenous application of proline and genetic engineering of proline genes promise ways forward for developing ‘temperature-smart’ future crop plants.  相似文献   

17.
Exogenous application of different plant growth regulators is a well-recognized strategy to alleviate stress-induced adverse effects on different crop plants by regulating a variety of physiobiochemical processes such as photosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, nutrient uptake, antioxidant metabolism, and protein synthesis, which are directly or indirectly involved in the mechanism of stress tolerance. Of various environmental factors, salinity, drought, and extreme temperature (low or high) considerably diminish plant growth and yield by modulating endogenous levels as well as signaling pathways of plant hormones. Of various plant hormones/regulators, a potential plant growth regulator, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), is known to be effective in counteracting the injurious effects of various abiotic stresses in plants. Until now the mechanisms behind ALA regulation of growth under stress have not been fully elucidated. It is also not yet clear how far growth and yield in different crops can be promoted by exogenous application of ALA and whether this ALA-induced growth and yield promotion is cost-effective. Thus, in this review we discuss at length the effects of ALA in regulating growth and development in plants under a variety of abiotic stress conditions, including salinity, drought, and temperature stress. Furthermore, advances in the functional and regulatory interactions of this plant growth regulator with plant stress tolerance, as well as the effective mode of exogenous application of ALA in inducing stress tolerance in plants are also comprehensively discussed in this review. In the future, overaccumulation of ALA in plants through manipulation of gene(s) could enhance plant stress tolerance. Thus, genetic manipulation of plants with the goal of attaining increased synthesis/accumulation of ALA and hence improved stress tolerance under stress conditions is an important area for research.  相似文献   

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植物抗旱和耐重金属基因工程研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
干旱和重金属污染严重影响植物的生长发育.植物耐逆相关基因的克隆和功能鉴定研究,为通过基因工程途径提高植物的抗逆性奠定了理论基础.水分亏缺、高盐、低温和重金属胁迫都能诱导LEA(late embryogenesis abundant protein)基因的表达.转基因研究表明,LEA蛋白具有抗旱保护作用、离子结合特性以及抗氧化活性;水孔蛋白存在于细胞膜和液泡膜上,在细胞乃至整个植物体水分吸收和运输过程中发挥重要作用.干旱和盐胁迫促进水孔蛋白基因转录物的积累.过量表达水孔蛋白可增强水分吸收和运输,提高植物的抗旱能力.金属转运蛋白参与重金属离子的吸收、运输和累积等过程.这些蛋白基因在改良草坪草植物的抗旱节水和耐重金属能力等方面具有潜在的应用价值.  相似文献   

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