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1.
杏鲍菇最佳培养基的筛选   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
邹莉  李绍鹏  袁玲 《菌物研究》2006,4(1):38-41
研究了不同的母种、原种和栽培种培养基对杏鲍菇菌丝生长、子实体产量及生物学效率的影响。结果表明,杏鲍菇在不同配方的培养基上菌丝的生长存在明显差异,其中菌丝生长速度最快、最健壮的母种培养基为PDYA培养基;菌丝生长速度最快、子实体产量最高、生物学效率达91.7%的原种及栽培种培养基为配方2。原种及栽培种培养基的含水率为60%时,菌丝生长快而健壮,在生产上最适宜采用。  相似文献   

2.
不同培养基对冬虫夏草菌丝生长的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
不同培养基对3个来源不同的冬虫夏草菌菌丝生长影响的研究结果表明,在不同培养基上,各菌株之间在菌丝萌发时间、40d菌落直径和菌落形态上表现出一定的差异。同时筛选到的最优培养基比已报道培养基的菌落生长速度快2~3倍,且菌丝为白色、粗壮,菌丝质量较优。  相似文献   

3.
为获得高产的富硒猴头菌菌丝体,采用平板法,通过Na_2SeO_3浓度梯度实验,从H2、H99、NK 3种猴头菌中筛选出耐硒品种;以猴头菌菌丝干重为指标,采用单因素试验结合正交试验优化培养基的碳源、氮源、无机盐和维生素,并进一步通过均匀设计试验确定各营养元素的配比;以菌丝干重和有机硒含量为指标,确定深层发酵培养基中Na_2SeO_3的浓度。结果表明:3种猴头菌中H2最耐硒,在含6μg/mL的Na_2SeO_3平板培养基中培养的菌丝适合作为后续研究的菌种;优化的液体培养基成分为5.8%可溶性淀粉、5.8%黄豆粉、0.04%CaCl_2、0.024%VB_1+VB_2+VB_6,此时菌丝干重理论值可达2.37 g/100 mL;当液体培养基含12μg/mL的Na_2SeO_3时,菌丝生长不受抑制,有机硒含量最高,达136.8 mg/kg菌丝。该研究为富硒猴头菌产品的开发和利用奠定了基础。  相似文献   

4.
尖顶羊肚菌液体培养基质与条件的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过对尖顶羊肚菌液体培养基质与条件的研究,明确其菌丝生长的最适pH值、最适温度、适宜光照条件、适宜葡萄糖和蛋白胨浓度、适宜培养基,以便应用于尖顶羊肚菌液体菌种的生产和工业发酵。结果表明:菌丝的最适生长温度为2 5℃;最适生长pH值为6 ;葡萄糖和蛋白胨最适浓度分别为2 0 0g/L和10g/L ;菌丝在黑暗环境下生长良好,光照对菌丝生长具有抑制作用;用胡萝卜酵母膏培养基振荡培养形成的菌丝球多,菌丝生长量大;菌丝球在不同培养基中生长,可引起培养液pH值的上升或者下降;菌丝球可利用培养基内的氨基酸,使氨基酸降解,在胡萝卜酵母膏培养基中振荡培养8d的菌液总氨基酸含量较原液减少了36 71% ,亮氨酸、异亮氨酸和甲硫氨酸含量的下降幅度最大  相似文献   

5.
影响链霉菌原生质体形成、再生的因素   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文报道生长培养基成份,菌丝生育期,溶菌温度及再生培养基成份等对庆丰链霉菌,吸水链霉菌井冈变种原生质体形成和再生的影响,结果表明: 1.生长培养基中添加适量甘氨酸,和/或蔗糖,能增加菌丝细胞壁被溶菌酶消化的敏感性。2.对数生长期菌丝比静止期菌丝原生质体的再生活性高得多。3.菌丝溶解温度庆丰链霉菌以28℃为宜,吸水链霉菌井冈变种则以32℃为最适。4.再生培养基中高渗稳定剂的浓度对原生质体再生影响很大,对吸水链霉菌井冈变种来说,再生培养基R_2YE中的蔗糖以0.3M为宜,R_3中的琥珀酸钠以0.2M为宜。文中并对甘氨酸,蔗糖的作用机理及不同链霉菌原生质体制剂中含有不同比例的渗透敏感单位(即真正原生质体)的可能原因进行了讨论。  相似文献   

6.
松茸的营养生理及培养基的筛选   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
采用分离自吉林延边的松茸菌种研究了松茸的营养生理及培养基筛选。结果表明:松茸对单糖、双糖、多糖和糖醇都有一定的利用,但葡萄糖、果糖、甘露糖等单糖对菌丝生长效果较好;氮源以谷氨酸胺、(NH4)2HPO4、酒石酸铵等氨态氮较为适合。松茸菌丝在较宽C/N比范围内都可生长,以C/N比21~66为佳。KH2PO4、MgSO4·7H2O、VB2、VB6对松茸的生长促进效果明显是菌丝生长所必需的。新筛选的11号培养基和已有松茸培养基比较,除生长速度有所提高外,气生菌丝大为增多,生长茂盛。  相似文献   

7.
蛹虫草菌丝生长研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
通过对 4种不同来源的蛹虫草菌种 ,在 5种不同配方培养基上菌丝生长情况进行了比较研究。结果表明 ,不同培养基配方对不同来源的蛹虫草菌种培养菌丝的长速和长势存在较大的差异。  相似文献   

8.
通过对红托竹荪快速分离培养基优化,提高红托竹荪菌种分离与评价效率。采用响应面分析法,以菌种生长速度为响应值拟合二次多元回归方程,确定培养基配方;测定优化培养基与PDA对照培养基菌丝生长速度和菌丝直径,以菌丝形态、锁状联合和菌落形态等指标评价优化培养基;测定优化培养基与PDA培养基培养菌丝在木屑培养基中菌丝生长速度,验证应用效果。通过试验,筛选出快速分离培养基配方为葡萄糖20.71 g/L、全麦粉8.36 g/L、玉米粉8.07 g/L、琼脂粉18.00 g/L、木屑水1.06 L。快速分离培养基与PDA培养基对比,培养的菌落直径平均增加66.25%,快速分离培养基菌丝日平均生长速度增加33.33%,木屑培养基菌丝日平均生长速度增加44.22%。由于优化培养基中含有淀粉、纤维素等有效成分,其刺激了菌种分泌淀粉酶、纤维素酶等,维持了胞外酶系的完整性。还可根据菌丝培养基过程形成的透明圈大小判定菌种胞外酶产生能力,达到快速评价菌种质量,保障菌种质量的目的。  相似文献   

9.
目的:建立虎乳灵芝菌丝液体发酵培养方法。方法:采用改变培养基的pH和选择不同的碳源及氮源,通过比较虎乳灵芝菌丝的低温冷冻干燥重量,分别研究菌丝生长的最适培养基。结果:虎乳灵芝菌丝最适生长的液体培养基pH 6~7(中性微偏弱酸);菌丝生长的最好的液体培养基中的碳源为葡萄糖,氮源为酵母粉。结论:葡萄糖 酵母粉液体培养基可以作为虎乳灵芝菌丝大量发酵培养的培养基。  相似文献   

10.
枯草芽孢杆菌对杨树水泡溃疡病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
测定了枯草芽孢杆菌BS-2菌株对杨树水泡溃疡病菌菌丝生长的影响,发现BS-2菌株能够抑制病菌菌丝的生长,并导致菌丝形态畸变,表现为菌丝伸长生长受抑制、扭曲、原生质浓缩、局部膨大成球形或椭圆形以及菌丝断裂和菌丝细胞变成空泡等。BS-2发酵液对病菌菌丝生长也有明显的抑制作用,培养时间越长,其培养液的抑菌作用越强;在不同培养基中获得的发酵液对病菌的抑制效果不同。  相似文献   

11.
采用稻草、小麦、奶粉、酵母、玉米粒、荷叶等6种培养液培养草履虫,结果表明,稻草、玉米粒和奶粉培养液为草履虫的理想培养液。另外,对上述3种理想培养液的不同浓度和稻草培养液的不同pH值影响草履虫的生长繁殖进行了实验研究,统计分析表明影响较为明显。稻草培养液的最适浓度为1%~2%;奶粉培养液的最适浓度为0.1%~0.2%;玉米粒培养液的最适浓度为1%~2%;稻草培养液最适pH值为7.0。  相似文献   

12.
以玉米-小麦周年耕作模式为研究对象,于2006-2009年进行了连续4年的大田定位试验,设置了传统翻耕、不覆盖/不深松+覆盖/免耕、覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕、不覆盖/深松+不覆盖/免耕、覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕以及不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕6个模式,研究了豫南雨养区玉米-小麦周年不同耕作模式对小麦花后于物质积累转化、籽粒灌浆及产量的影响.结果表明:传统翻耕和覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕两种模式绿叶持续时间最长,营养器官的干物质积累均比其他模式高且差异达到显著水平(P<0.05);营养器官花前贮藏物质的运转量也均高于其他模式,营养器官花后同化物运转量和运转率比覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕模式高11.9%、11.7%,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模式高11.6%、11.4%,均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);花后同化物对籽粒产量的贡献率比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕和覆盖/不深松+不覆盖/免耕高8.4%、7.9%和8.8%、8.3%,均达到显著水平(P<0.05);产量也以这两种模式最高,达到7545.0 kg·hm-2和7480.5 kg·hm-2,比不覆盖/不深松+还田/旋耕模武分别增产14.8%和13.8%,达到极显著水平(P<0.01).综合来看,覆盖/深松+覆盖/免耕模式具有较好的蓄永保墒和土壤培肥效果,能促使营养器官干物质积累和花后同化物向籽粒的转移,实现高产高效.  相似文献   

13.
1996~ 1 999年 ,在云南省蒙自县草坝镇 (南亚热带北缘 )进行了亩产吨粮的种植模式研究。通过对春、夏、秋、冬播玉米 ,早、中、晚稻以及冬小麦的系统研究 ,以地上部分总干物重、籽粒产量、总入射辐照量、叶面积持续期 (灌浆期 )、氮肥的利用率和生产力、水生产力为指标 ,对早稻—晚稻、早稻—秋玉米、早稻—冬小麦、春玉米—晚稻、夏玉米—冬小麦、中稻—冬小麦和中稻—冬玉米 7种复种模式作了比较 ,选出中稻—冬玉米为一年两熟亩产吨粮的最佳种植模式。  相似文献   

14.
麦秸覆盖夏玉米对其苗期生长发育的生化他感作用研究初报张玉铭,马永清(中国科学院石家在农业现代化研究所,050021)AllelopathicEffectofWheatStrawMulchingonSeedlingGrowthandDevelopmen...  相似文献   

15.
A study was conducted to evaluate the ensiling characteristics of chopped sugarbeets with dry feedstuffs and the corresponding change in the nutritive composition of the silages with the addition of dry substrates. Pre-calculated amounts of each feedstuff were weighed individually to achieve desired proportions of each silage product and thoroughly mixed for 5 min. After mixing, the silage was distributed evenly into three 19-L buckets and sealed to provide an anaerobic environment. The treatments for this study were arranged in a 4 × 4 + 1 factorial design to determine the effects of DM level and source of dry feedstuff on the ensiling properties of sugarbeets following a 42-d fermentation period. Treatments were ensiled sugarbeets alone (250 g/kg) or based on (1) formulated silage DM concentrations of 275, 350, 425, and 500 g/kg and (2) the inclusion of dry feedstuffs (alfalfa hay, dry-rolled corn, wheat middlings, and wheat straw). Fermentation and nutritive characteristics of ensiled sugarbeets were influenced with the addition of dry substrates. A linear increase (P<0.001) in silage pH was observed with the addition of alfalfa, dry-rolled corn, wheat middlings, and wheat straw to ensiled sugarbeets. Lactic acid increased (P<0.001) with the addition of wheat middlings. Alfalfa addition to sugarbeet silage did not alter (P<0.001) lactate concentration. Concentration of lactate decreased (P=0.01) when corn was added, while wheat straw addition did not influence (P=0.37) lactate. A contrast was used to compare ensiling characteristics of sugarbeets alone (250 g/kg DM) to 350 g/kg DM (sugarbeets with dry substrates). Results indicated fermentative parameters were altered; pH increased (P<0.001) for all dry substrates while lactate was lower (P=0.003) for the sugarbeets ensiled with dry-rolled corn compared with sugarbeets ensiled alone. Alfalfa, wheat straw, and wheat middlings decreased (P<0.001) while dry-rolled corn did not affect (P=0.54) in vitro DM digestion. These results indicate the inclusion of dry feedstuffs with sugarbeets altered fermentation and with the exception of corn, decreased in vitro DM digestion. Nutrient composition and DM content of ensiled sugarbeets was altered with the addition of dry substrates.  相似文献   

16.
Mycelial growth, intracellular activity of proteases, laccases and β-1,3-glucanases, and cytoplasmic protein were evaluated in the vegetative phase of Pleurotus ostreatus grown on wheat straw and in wheat-grain-based media in Petri dishes and in bottles. The productivity of the wheat straw and wheat-grain-based spawn in cylindrical polyethylene bags containing 5 kg of chopped straw was also determined. We observed high activity of proteases and high content of intracellular protein in cultures grown on wheat straw. This suggests that the proteases are not secreted into the medium and that the protein is an important cellular reserve. On the contrary, cultures grown on wheat straw secreted laccases into the medium, which could be induced by this substrate. P. ostreatus grown on media prepared with a combination of wheat straw and wheat grain showed a high radial growth rate in Petri dishes and a high level of mycelial growth in bottles. The productivities of wheat straw and wheat-grain-based spawn were similar. Our results show that cheaper and more productive mushroom spawn can be prepared by developing the mycelium on wheat straw and wheat-grain-based substrates.  相似文献   

17.
以已进入中间试验阶段的Bt玉米及其亲本(非Bt玉米)秸秆为材料,与营养土及蛭石混合后培养小麦幼苗,同时以未使用秸秆的相应土为空白对照,在室内条件下研究了Bt玉米与亲本秸秆还田对后茬小麦的影响。结果表明:(1)不同秸秆还田对小麦幼苗出苗率、株高没有显著影响;(2)非转基因玉米与转Bt玉米秸秆拌土后地上部鲜重仅为对照鲜重的51%和65%,干重仅为对照的62%和72%,均达到差异显著水平;(3)Bt玉米秸秆还田降低小麦幼苗生长素(IAA)含量,郑58秸秆拌土增加了幼苗脱落酸(ABA)含量;(4)两种处理均提高了幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)总活性。因此,秸秆拌土对小麦幼苗的处理效应一致,与秸秆类型无关,该研究可为评价转Bt玉米环境安全提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

18.
Crop nutrient- and water-use efficiency could be improved by using crop varieties highly compatible with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Two greenhouse experiments demonstrated the presence of genetic variability for this trait in modern durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L. var. durum Desf.) germplasm. Among the five cultivars tested, 'AC Morse' had consistently low levels of AM root colonization and DT710 had consistently high levels of AM root colonization, whereas 'Commander', which had the highest colonization levels under low soil fertility conditions, developed poor colonization levels under medium fertility level. The presence of genetic variability in durum wheat compatibility with AMF was further evidenced by significant genotype × inoculation interaction effects in grain and straw biomass production; grain P, straw P, and straw K concentrations under medium soil fertility level; and straw K and grain Fe concentrations at low soil fertility. Mycorrhizal dependency was an undesirable trait of 'Mongibello', which showed poor growth and nutrient balance in the absence of AMF. An AMF-mediated reduction in grain Cd under low soil fertility indicated that breeding durum wheat for compatibility with AMF could help reduce grain Cd concentration in durum wheat. Durum wheat genotypes should be selected for compatibility with AMF rather than for mycorrhizal dependency.  相似文献   

19.
Agricultural waste products are potential resources for the production of a number of industrial compounds, including biofuels. Basidiomycete fungi display a battery of hydrolytic enzymes with prospective use in lignocellulosic biomass transformation, however little work has been done regarding the characterization of such activities. Growth in several lignocellulosic substrates (oak and cedar sawdust, rice husk, corn stubble, wheat straw and Jatropha seed husk) and the production of cellulases and xylanases by two basidiomycete fungi: Bjerkandera adusta and Pycnoporus sanguineus were analyzed. Growth for P. sanguineus was best in rice husk while corn stubble supported the highest growth rate for B. adusta. Among the substrates tested, cedar sawdust produced the highest cellulolytic activities in both fungal species, followed by oak sawdust and wheat straw. Xylanolytic activity was best in oak and cedar sawdust for both species. We found no correlation between growth and enzyme production. Zymogram analysis of xylanases and cellulases showed that growth in different substrates produced particular combinations of protein bands with hydrolytic activity.  相似文献   

20.
Wan C  Li Y 《Bioresource technology》2011,102(16):7507-7512
Different types of feedstocks, including corn stover, wheat straw, soybean straw, switchgrass, and hardwood, were tested to evaluate the effectiveness of fungal pretreatment by Ceriporiopsis subvermispora. After 18-d pretreatment, corn stover, switchgrass, and hardwood were effectively delignified by the fungus through manganese peroxidase and laccase. Correspondingly, glucose yields during enzymatic hydrolysis reached 56.50%, 37.15%, and 24.21%, respectively, which were a 2 to 3-fold increase over those of the raw materials. A further 10-30% increase in glucose yields was observed when pretreatment time extended to 35 d. In contrast, cellulose digestibility of wheat straw and soybean straw was not significantly improved by fungal pretreatment. When external carbon sources and enzyme inducers were added during fungal pretreatment of wheat straw and soybean straw, only glucose and malt extract addition improved cellulose digestibility of wheat straw. The cellulose digestibility of soybean straw was not improved.  相似文献   

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