三种除草剂对五爪金龙的防除作用及2,4-D丁酯对环境的影响

用3种除草剂(2,4-D丁酯、麦草畏和塔隆)对五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica L.Sweet)进行化学防除试验。结果表明:1.00 mL L-1的2,4-D丁酯可以彻底杀灭五爪金龙。喷施1.00 mL L-12,4-D丁酯20 d后,五爪金龙茎叶枯死率接近100%;60 d后五爪金龙的总生物量显著低于其它处理及对照;90 d后未出现生长恢复,最终盖度防效为99.8%。而喷施1.00 mL L-1的麦草畏40 d后,五爪金龙的茎叶枯死率为99.0%,但仍有少量存活的根,90 d后再次萌生率为10.0%;喷施1.00 mL L-1塔隆40 d后,五爪金龙的茎叶枯死率为100%,90 d后再次萌生率为100%。土壤残留分析表明:在有机质含量较高[(10.14±1.01)g kg-1]的土壤中2,4-D丁酯降解速率较快,半衰期为14 d,施药后80 d的土壤中已检测不到2,4-D丁酯。此外,在野外喷洒1.0 mL L-1的2,4-D丁酯对其它植物是安全的,施药1年后,样地内的植物均能恢复生长。因此,实践中可用1.00 mL L-1的2,4-D丁酯来防除五爪金龙。     

外来植物南美蟛蜞菊、裂叶牵牛和五爪金龙的光合特性

对南美蟛蜞菊、裂叶牵牛和五爪金龙的光合生理特性进行研究 ,结果表明 :(1) 3种植物都具有较强的 CO2 固定能力 ,南美蟛蜞菊的净光合速率峰值达 2 2 .1μm ol/ (m2 · s) ,高于裂叶牵牛 (17.2 μmol/ (m2 · s) )和五爪金龙 (18.6 μmol/ (m2 · s) ) ;(2 ) 3种植物光合速率、蒸腾速率的日进程曲线呈“双峰”型 ,气孔导度变化规律与蒸腾速率相似 ,在中午前后均出现一定程度的下降 ;(3)暗呼吸速率曲线呈单峰型 ,在中午时出现高峰 ,暗呼吸速率大小次序为 :五爪金龙 >裂叶牵牛 >南美蟛蜞菊。(4 )南美蟛蜞菊的光饱和点为 15 31μm ol/ (m2· s) ,光补偿点为 2 0 .0 μmol/ (m2· s) ,而裂叶牵牛的光饱和点 114 6 μmol/ (m2· s) ,光补偿点39.3μmol/ (m2· s) ;五爪金龙的光饱和点 12 6 1μmol/ (m2· s) ,光补偿点 4 4 .1μm ol/ (m2· s) ,3种植物都表现为喜阳植物的特性 ,且对弱光条件的适应力也较强 ,其中尤以南美蟛蜞菊的有效光合辐射范围最广 ,光量子利用效率较高 ,具有很强忍耐强光及适应阴生环境的能力。该项研究有助于解释南美蟛蜞菊生长迅速、生产力高、竞争性强的生物学特点     

de novo转录组学分析华南地区入侵植物五爪金龙代谢特征

为探究华南地区严重入侵植物五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica)生物入侵的分子机制,对五爪金龙及其近缘种七爪金龙(I. digitata)和裂叶牵牛(I. nil)进行de novo转录组测序和组装,得到56551条unigenes,其中56522条得到注释,7815条GO注释,15615条COG注释,180201条KEGG数据库注释。转录组分析结果表明,五爪金龙氮代谢通路关键酶基因的表达高于对照。次生代谢关键酶(PAL、4CL、CAD、查耳酮合酶、苯基丙乙烯酮异构酶、槲皮黄3-O-甲基转移酶等)基因在五爪金龙与七爪金龙及裂叶牵牛中均得到协同性的差异表达,而这些代谢通路指导的产物合成对五爪金龙的抗逆境能力、生长、化感作用等均起关键作用。关键基因的RT-qPCR验证结果与转录组结果具有一致性。因此,这从分子生物学层面上对解释五爪金龙在华南地区的入侵机制提供了新的证据。     

五味子甲素对大鼠成骨细胞增殖分化的影响

目的　探讨五味子甲素体外对大鼠成骨细胞增殖与分化的影响。方法　用改良的组织块法分离培养新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞 ,五味子甲素以不同浓度加入细胞培养体系 ,作用不同时间后 ,用MTT法检测成骨细胞的增殖情况 ;用对硝基苯二钠基质动力学法 (PNPP)测定细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性 ,用改良的Lowry法测蛋白含量。 结果　五味子甲素在 0 75× 10 -5mol/L及 0 75× 10 -9mol/L浓度范围内 2 4h ,72h ,0 75× 10 -4 ～ 0 75× 10 -7mol/L 48h促进成骨细胞增殖 ,在 0 75× 10 -5～ 0 75× 10 -6mol/L浓度范围内 48h提高成骨细胞内碱性磷酸酶的活性。结论　五味子甲素体外能促进成骨细胞的增殖与分化。     

de novo转录组学分析华南地区入侵植物五爪金龙代谢特征（英文）

为探究华南地区严重入侵植物五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica)生物入侵的分子机制,对五爪金龙及其近缘种七爪金龙(I.digitata)和裂叶牵牛(I.nil)进行de novo转录组测序和组装,得到56551条unigenes,其中56522条得到注释,7815条GO注释,15615条COG注释,180201条KEGG数据库注释。转录组分析结果表明,五爪金龙氮代谢通路关键酶基因的表达高于对照。次生代谢关键酶(PAL、4CL、CAD、查耳酮合酶、苯基丙乙烯酮异构酶、槲皮黄3-O-甲基转移酶等)基因在五爪金龙与七爪金龙及裂叶牵牛中均得到协同性的差异表达,而这些代谢通路指导的产物合成对五爪金龙的抗逆境能力、生长、化感作用等均起关键作用。关键基因的RT-q PCR验证结果与转录组结果具有一致性。因此,这从分子生物学层面上对解释五爪金龙在华南地区的入侵机制提供了新的证据。     

正交设计法在刺叶墙藓原代组织培养中的应用

以从新疆采集的刺叶墙藓 (Tortuladesertorum)为研究对象 ,采用正交实验设计法对刺叶墙藓的原代组织培养基进行了筛选。从而找出最佳的培养基配方为 :Hogland +2 2 5× 10 -7mg/L 6 -BA +0 .5mg/LNAA +1.73× 10 -5mg/LGA3 +0 .5mg/L 2 ,4 -D +0 .1%葡萄糖 +1%琼脂     

非洲爪蟾卵母细胞GABA_B和GABA_C受体介导的电流反应

实验应用双电极电压箝技术 ,在具有滤泡膜的非洲爪蟾 (Xenopuslaevis)卵母细胞上记录到γ 氨基丁酸(γ aminobutyricacid ,GABA) 激活电流。此GABA 激活电流的特点及有关GABA受体类型的研究和分析如下 :( 1)在 3 5 5 % ( 5 5 / 15 5 )的受检细胞外加GABA可引起一慢的浓度依赖性的外向电流。 ( 2 )GABAA 受体的选择性拮抗剂bicuculline ( 10 -5mol/L)对GABA ( 10 -5mol/L)引起的外向电流无阻断作用 (n =6)。 ( 3 )GABAB 受体的选择性拮抗剂2 hydroxysaclofen ( 10 -4mol/L)能将GABA ( 10 -5mol/L)引起的外向电流可逆性地转变为内向电流 ,后者又可被GABAC 受体的选择性拮抗剂I4AA ( 10 -5mol/L)所消除 (n =6)。 ( 4 )GABAB 受体的特异性激动剂baclofen可引起部分 ( 2 0 % ,12 / 60 )受检细胞产生一慢的浓度依赖性的外向电流。 3× 10 -6 、3× 10 -5及 3× 10 -4mol/L 2 hydroxysaclofen分别阻断baclofen ( 10 -5mol/L) 激活电流 ( 6 3± 3 2 ) % ,( 4 4 1± 2 2 ) %及 ( 86 0± 1 6) % (n =6)。 ( 5 )baclofen激活电流的I V曲线显示逆转电位在 - 96 8± 7 2mV左右 ,此电流可分别被TEA ( 5mmol/L)和BaCl2 ( 2mmol/L)所阻断。以上结果提示 :在非洲爪蟾的卵母细胞上存在内源性GABAB 和GABAC 受体 ,GA     

华南地区3种具有不同入侵性的近缘植物对低温胁迫的敏感性

以五爪金龙(Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet,重度入侵植物)、裂叶牵牛(Ipomoea nil (L.) Choisy,轻度/非入侵植物)和三裂叶薯(Ipomoea triloba L.,非入侵植物)3种起源于热带美洲、且在华南地区具有不同入侵性的番薯属藤本植物作为研究对象,通过比较它们在低温胁迫下的生理响应探究3种植物对低温的敏感性与它们入侵性之间的关系。通过测定在不同温度(28、15、10 ℃)处理下植物的生物量、活性氧、渗透调节物质、根系活力、光合特征等生理指标发现,五爪金龙、裂叶牵牛及三裂叶薯均通过增加光合系统Ⅱ的热耗散、积累渗透调节物质以及增强根系活力来应对低温环境,但15 ℃的温度条件已经对3种植物形成较为强烈的胁迫作用,表现为H₂O₂和丙二醛的积累、光合系统Ⅱ受损、根部细胞死亡以及生物量、根长的极显著下降(P<0.01),证明3种植物对低温胁迫均具有较高的敏感性。综合比较3种植物各生理指标的响应幅度发现,它们对低温的耐受性表现为:五爪金龙 > 裂叶牵牛 > 三裂叶薯,这与它们在华南地区的入侵危害程度一致,暗示低温敏感性的差异可能是其入侵性差异的重要原因。结果表明,低温敏感性是影响外来植物入侵性和入侵区域的重要因素,五爪金龙较高的低温敏感性是限制其在华南以外地区形成入侵危害的重要原因。     

土壤中甲螨孳生与铬污染相关性研究

目的 :探讨土壤中甲螨孳生的种群数量与土壤铬污染之间的相互关系。方法 :于某大型化工厂周围土壤 10 m、1km、10 km及远郊农田土壤设立采样点 ,各采集 5 0份样本 ,每份样本采集 (10× 10× 10 )cm3的土壤 ,置 Tullgren电热分螨器中分离甲螨 ,计算甲螨在不同环境中的密度、丰度、优势属 ;同时用原子吸收光谱法分别测定化工厂周围土壤及远郊农田土壤样本中的铬含量。结果 :化工厂周围土壤总体甲螨的密度、丰度和优势度分别为 1975 7(131.71± 2 8.34)个 / m2、131.7个 /样本、嗜草甲螨、门罗点肋甲螨 ,远郊农田土壤甲螨的密度、丰度和优势度分别为 984 5 (6 5 .6 3± 18.36 )个 / m2、6 5 .6 3个 /样本、滑菌甲螨、嗜草甲螨、被盖头甲螨、棒菌甲螨、新小奥甲螨、普通尖棱甲螨 ,两者相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。化工厂周围土壤及远郊农田土壤总体铬浓度分别为 (0 .2 5± 0 .0 7) mg/ kg、(0 .0 8± 0 .0 2 ) m g/ kg,两者相比差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。化工厂周围土壤 10 m、1km、10 km、处甲螨的密度分别为 16 4 89(32 9.78± 31.2 2 )个 / m2、2 2 5 7(45 .14± 9.4 5 )个 / m2 、10 11(2 0 .0± 3.33)个 / m2 ,化工厂周围土壤样本的甲螨密度较高 ,与远效农田土壤相比 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论     

Hg2+、Pd2+、Cd2+和Cu2+对沼泽红假单胞菌生长及净化氮、磷能力的影响

研究了在培养基中分别添加不同浓度的重金属离子Hg2+、Pd2+、Cd2+和Cu2+作为人工配制的污水对光合细菌沼泽红假单胞菌生长与净化PO4-P和NH4-N能力的影响.实验结果表明当培养基中Hg2+的浓度达到2×10-6mol@L-1,该菌生长趋势开始减慢;当增至4×10-6mol@L-1时,生长完全被抑制.Cu2+的浓度达到1×10-6mol@L-1,该菌生长趋势也开始减慢;当增至8×10-6mol@L-1时生长完全被抑制.Cd2+的浓度达4×10-5mol@L-1时,其延缓期大大延长;增至16×10-5mol@L-4时生长完全被抑制.培养基中Pd2+的浓度达到8×10-4mol@L-1时,对该菌生长并未产生影响.当培养基中重金属离子浓度未达到完全抑制其生长时,对其净化PO4-P和NH4-N能力的影响不显著.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.