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1.
毛乌素沙地柠条群体分子生态学初步研究:RAPD证据   总被引:37,自引:5,他引:32  
毛乌素沙地柠条群体是一个杂种带,为了进一步阐明分子变异和基因流与生境或生态过渡带的联系,应用RAPD标记开展了柠条群体的分子生态学研究。根据RAPD数据利用Shannon信息指数估计了6个柠条群体的遗传多样性,发现大部分的分子变异存在于柠条群体之内(82.4%),只有少部分的分子变异存在于群体之间(17.6%),又利用ei指数统计了RAPD数据,也证实了大部分的遗传变异存在于群体之间,柠条锦鸡儿群  相似文献   

2.
应用多种聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对纯化的锦鸡儿种子球蛋白和清蛋白进行分离和分子量测定。占总蛋白70%左右的球蛋白包括3个不同分子量的蛋白,它们由相同的21个亚基组成,说明是不同的聚合态。清蛋白在PAGE和SDSPAGE中部分出约20种成分。全蛋白PAGE结果表明最主要的球蛋白和若干清蛋白在种群内和种群间有高水平的多态性,至少有4个可能的位点编码6个蛋白。SDSPAGE结果表明全蛋白有约50个不同分子量的单体,其中大多数是变异的。记录了其中17个单体的变异,初步推测由13个位点编码。从全部10个种群337份样品的PAGE和338份样品的SDSPAGE结果计算出23个蛋白或单体的分布频率,进一步统计出各项种群遗传结构参数。数据表明毛乌素沙地锦鸡儿的全部遗传多样性中90%以上存在于群体内,群体间只占7.6%,说明种群间存在强大的基因而。同一植株不同种子存在不同种子蛋白和单体成分,更进一步证明锦鸡儿的异交性。蛋白质的高水平多样性及其空间分布格局证实了所报道的形态变异的结果,说明毛乌素地区的锦鸡儿的确构成一个杂种带。  相似文献   

3.
野生和近交稀有Ju鲫的遗传多样性   总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16  
用RAPD技术对稀有Ju鲫近交10代及3个野生群体的遗传多样性和群体间差异进行了研究。无论从多态位点的比例,个体间的共带率还是多样性指数来看,近交10代的遗传多样性极低。在226个RAPD位点中,野生群体有近半数的位点是多态的,Shannon多样性指数在0.2911-0.3235间,表明自群本保持了较丰富遗传多样性。近交10代与野生群体间遗传差异十分明显。野生群体间在11-19个位点上的表型频率存  相似文献   

4.
毛乌素沙地锦鸡儿(Caragana)种群形态变异   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
以柠条锦鸡儿(Caraganakorshinskii)人工种群为对照,研究了自然分布在内蒙古毛乌素沙地各类生境(硬梁、覆沙硬梁、覆沙软梁、覆沙滩地和沙丘)的9个锦鸡儿种群的具分种意义的形态特征的变异。荚果长度在一个植株内是比较稳定的性状;但在各个种群内、种群间变异很大,覆盖了小叶锦鸡儿(C.microphylla)、中间锦鸡儿(C.intermedia)和柠条锦鸡儿3个种的范围。同一生境不同种群以及不同生境种群的比较,说明,.决定荚果长度的主要是遗传因素,环境因子如水分条件可能只起次要作用。每个自然种群荚果长度的分布出现几个峰值,说明种群遗传组成的异质性。小叶形状和被毛的资料也说明各个种群内和种群间的异质性。看来,该地区锦鸡儿是上述3种锦鸡儿的杂种带(Hybridzone).形态变异资料也说明毛乌素沙地在遗体多样性方面也是生态过渡带。  相似文献   

5.
毛乌素沙地锦鸡儿种群形态变异   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11  
王洪新  胡志昂 《生态学报》1994,14(4):366-371
以柠条锦鸡儿人工种群为对照,研究了自然分布在内蒙古毛乌素沙地各类生境(硬梁、覆沙硬梁、覆沙软梁、覆沙滩地和沙丘)的9个锦鸡儿种群的具分种意义的形态特征的变异,荚果长度在一个植株内是比较稳定的性状,但在各个种群内,种群间变异很大,覆盖了小叶锦鸡儿(C、microphylla),中间锦鸡儿(C.intermedia)和柠条锦鸡儿3个种的范围。同一生境不同种群以及不同生境种的比较,说明,决定荚果长度的主  相似文献   

6.
毛乌素沙地中间锦鸡儿群体繁育系统的变化   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
中间锦鸡儿在毛乌素沙地这个介于典型草原和典型荒漠之间的生态过渡带广泛分布 ,是当地灌丛生态系统的一个优势种或建群种[1,2 ] 。我们曾研究表明 ,中间锦鸡儿群体内高度的遗传多样性以及不同景观生态类型群体之间有强大的基因流存在[3 ,4 ] ;特别是同一植株不同种子显示的不同的种子蛋白组成进一步证明该植物的异交性[4 ,5] 。上述群体遗传研究还表明 ,中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿共享 1个基因库 ,与徐朗然等 ① 报道的种间杂交结果一致。RAPD研究发现 ,少数多态DNA在群体里的频率与所在地区的水分状况有关 :滩地为零或很低 ,生境越干…  相似文献   

7.
中国特有种四合木种群遗传多样性的RAPD   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
张颖娟  杨持 《生态学报》2002,22(11):1917-1922
采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术检测了西鄂尔多斯高原特有种四合木种群5个斑块的遗传多样性。22个扩增引物产生ll6条带,Shannon信息指数和Nei指数对RAPD数据的分析表明:四合木种群存在较高的遗传多样氓,其中千里山斑块的遗传多样性和多态位点比例较高,石嘴山斑块的最低。遗传多样性的86.5%存在于斑块内,斑块间的遗传变异为13.5%。遗传距离与地理距离无直接相关关系。这些结果说明,遗传多样性反映了四合木种群基因组DNA存在较高的变异性;同时各斑块间存在一定的基因流,四合木各斑块可看成是处于同一种群的半隔离状态(meta—种群),对四合木应注意保护遗传多样性丰富的meta—种群。  相似文献   

8.
北京东灵山辽东栎群落DNA多样性的研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
在同工酶研究基础上,利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)及DNA扩增指纹(DAF)方法,从生态学观点分析了北京东灵山区辽东栎(Quercus liaotungensis Koddz.)种群的遗传和多样性。对12个引物扩增产生的205个产物(部分)经,Shannon信息指数分析,结果表明:辽东栎群群内部存在丰富的遗传变异,中央种群的遗传多样性高于边缘种群的遗传多样性。总遗传多样性的95%发生在种群内  相似文献   

9.
北京东灵山辽东栎种群DNA多样性的研究   总被引:17,自引:1,他引:16  
在同工酶研究基础上,利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)及DNA扩增指纹(DAF)方法,从生态学观点分析了北京东灵山区辽东栎(QuercusliaotungensisKoidz.)种群的遗传结构和多样性。对12个引物扩增产生的205个产物(部分),经Shannon信息指数分析,结果表明:辽东栎种群内部存在丰富的遗传变异,中央种群的遗传多样性高于边缘种群的遗传多样性。总遗传多样性的95%发生在种群内,只有5%发生在种群间。两种群在个别位点上存在差异。不同年龄组辽东栎的分析结果表明:人为干扰对辽东栎的遗传结构有一定影响。  相似文献   

10.
凉水国家自然保护区天然红松林遗传变异的RAPD分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用随机扩增多态DNA(random amplified polymorphicDNA RAPD)技术,研究了凉水国家自然保护区天然红松林的遗传变异水平及其分布规律。16个10bp长度的随机引物在8个实验样地内72个个体中共检测了96个位点,其中55个是多态位点。在种水平上,红松的多态位点比率为P=58.51%;Nei’s遗传变异指数为H=0.2868;Shannon’s指数为I=0.3654,所  相似文献   

11.
新疆石河子农耕区不同植被类型昆虫群落结构特征   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
全仁哲  范喜顺 《昆虫知识》2008,45(2):276-281
2006年7~9月,用五点抽样法对新疆石河子农耕区不同植被类型中的昆虫群落结构进行调查,共采集到昆虫68种,隶属10目34科,共计6727头,其中叶蝉和蚜虫是主要害虫,瓢虫和草蛉是主要天敌昆虫。群落结构分析表明:在不同植被类型中昆虫群落多样性显著不同,以苗圃的多样性指数最高(2.5739),玉米的最低(1.0189),果木类的高于农作物的,间作的高于单纯植物的。  相似文献   

12.
干旱指标研究进展   总被引:44,自引:6,他引:38  
李柏贞  周广胜 《生态学报》2014,34(5):1043-1052
干旱作为全球最为常见的自然灾害之一,已经对我国的农业生产造成了严重影响。为更好地预测影响作物的干旱并及时采取应对措施,综述了国内外广泛应用的各类干旱指标,包括气象指标、土壤墒情指标、作物生理生态指标及其它综合监测指标等,评述了各类干旱指标的优缺点以及在农业上的适用性,探讨了未来以作物干旱为核心的干旱指标研究拟重视的方面,以为减缓和预防干旱对农业的不良影响及制订科学的政策提供依据。  相似文献   

13.
AimA systemic review and analysis of evolution journey of indices, such as conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI) and gradient index (GI), described in the literature.BackgroundModern radiotherapy techniques like VMAT, SRS and SBRT produce highly conformal plans and provide better critical structure and normal tissue sparing. These treatment techniques can generate a number of competitive plans for the same patients with different dose distributions. Therefore, indices like CI, HI and GI serve as complementary tools in addition to visual slice by slice isodose verification while plan evaluation. Reliability and accuracy of these indices have been tested in the past and found shortcomings and benefits when compared to one another.Material and methodsPotentially relevant studies published after 1993 were identified through a pubmed and web of science search using words “conformity index”, “Homogeneity index”, “Gradient index”,” Stereotactic radiosurgery”,” stereotactic Body radiotherapy” “complexity metrics” and “plan evaluation index”. Combinations of words “plan evaluation index conformity index” were also searched as were bibliographies of downloaded papers.Results and conclusionsMathematical definitions of plan evaluation indices modified with time. CI definitions presented by various authors tested at their own and could not be generalized. Those mathematical definitions of CI which take into account OAR sparing grant more confidence in plan evaluation. Gradient index emerged as a significant plan evaluation index in addition to CI whereas homogeneity index losing its credibility. Biological index base plan evaluation is becoming popular and may replace or alter the role of dosimetrical indices.  相似文献   

14.
Soil mycofloral diversity plays a pivotal role in crop production and is an integral part of any ecosystem. Pigeonpea cropping system provides a congenial environment to soil microbes by fixing nitrogen and solubilizing phosphorus which in turn provides sufficient nutrients for their prolific growth. The present study was undertaken to know the fungal diversity in calcareous soil of Bihar region in India, which are not supportive to growth of many fungi owing to high calcium content. Soil samples were collected from pigeonpea cropping system treated with native and commercial isolates of phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) along with Rhizobium. Thirty-seven species belonging to seven genera and a group of unidentified species were isolated. Aspergillus and Penicillium were the dominant genera in all the treatments. Absidia and Cunnighmella were distributed only once as rare genera. Though single species of Pythium, Rhizopus, Periconia, Geotrichum and Gliocladium genera were recorded but their occurrence was even in all the treatments. The diversity and equitability index were not varied much in different treatments except one. The deuteromucetous fungi occupied the highest space followed by zygomycetous, mycelia sterilia and mastigomycetous fungi.  相似文献   

15.
A collection of 368 advanced lines and cultivars of spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) from Chile, Uruguay, and CIMMYT(Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo), with good agronomic characteristics were evaluated under the Mediterranean conditions of central Chile. Three different water regimes were assayed: severe water stress(SWS, rain fed), mild water stress(MWS; one irrigation around booting), and full irrigation(FI; four irrigations: at tillering,flag leaf appearance, heading, and middle grain filling). Traits evaluated were grain yield(GY), agronomical yield components,days from sowing to heading, carbon isotope discrimination(D13C) in kernels, and canopy spectral reflectance. Correlation analyses were performed for 70 spectral reflectance indices(SRI) and the other traits evaluated in the three trials. GY and D13C were the traits best correlated with SRI, particularly when these indices were measured during grain filling. However,only GY could be predicted using a single regression, with ResearchNormalized Difference Moisture Index(NDMI2: 2,200; 1,100)having the best fit to the data for the three trials. For D13C, only individual regressions could be forecast under FI(r2: 0.25–0.37)and MWS(r2: 0.45–0.59) but not under SWS(r2: 0.03–0.09).NIR‐based SRI proved to be better predictors than those that combine visible and NIR wavelengths.  相似文献   

16.
A collection of 368 advanced lines and cultivars of spring wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) from Chile, Uruguay, and CIMMYT(Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz y Trigo), with good agronomic characteristics were evaluated under the Mediterranean conditions of central Chile. Three different water regimes were assayed: severe water stress(SWS, rain fed), mild water stress(MWS; one irrigation around booting), and full irrigation(FI; four irrigations: at tillering,flag leaf appearance, heading, and middle grain filling). Traits evaluated were grain yield(GY), agronomical yield components,days from sowing to heading, carbon isotope discrimination(△^13C) in kernels, and canopy spectral reflectance. Correlation analyses were performed for 70 spectral reflectance indices(SRI) and the other traits evaluated in the three trials. GY and △^13C were the traits best correlated with SRI, particularly when these indices were measured during grain filling. However,only GY could be predicted using a single regression, with ResearchNormalized Difference Moisture Index(NDMI2: 2,200; 1,100)having the best fit to the data for the three trials. For △^13C, only individual regressions could be forecast under FI(r^2: 0.25–0.37)and MWS(r^2: 0.45–0.59) but not under SWS(r^2: 0.03–0.09).NIR‐based SRI proved to be better predictors than those that combine visible and NIR wavelengths.  相似文献   

17.
At birth, the index weight/height is the highest correlated with weight, height and cephalic perimeter, for the index of Quételet (BMI) the correlations are also significant although lower. In both cases, the variation with age is significant. For the Rohrer index, the situation is different, the changes with age being almost absent. In front of these results, can we decide which index would be adequate to establish the nutritional status at birth? For Cole (1986), for such a ponderal index the correlation with height would have to be absent. Rolland-Cachera (1982) proposed also that the correlations with height would be absent but would be high with weight. In the case of the newborns of our study the only index being not correlated to height is the Rohrer index with low correlation also with the cephalic perimeter and high correlation with weight (although here the correlation is even higher with BMI and W/H). During the utero-placentary disfunction the foetal weight is affected but not height and cephalic perimeter: in this case, the advantage is also to an index correlated with weight but not with height.  相似文献   

18.
近50年京津冀气候舒适度的区域时空特征分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
曹云  孙应龙  吴门新 《生态学报》2019,39(20):7567-7582
受气候变化影响,区域气候舒适期势必会发生不同程度的变化。从气候舒适性的视角出发,利用京津冀地区1966—2015年的170个观测站点50年逐日气象资料,以温湿指数、风效指数、着衣指数及其综合指数为气候舒适性的评价指标,统计分析区域气候舒适期的起止日期、天数及其年际间变化规律,揭示京津冀区域气候舒适度的时空变化特征,为区域人口合理分布和气候资源评价提供科学依据。此外,以日为时间尺度进行气候舒适期分析,有利于气候变化背景下区域间横向和区域内纵向的比较研究。结果显示:(1)京津冀气候舒适度指数近50年来的变化趋势基本相同,综合指数呈显著增加趋势;但各地间变幅存在一定差异,其中天津气候舒适度指数变化幅度最为明显,北京变化相对平稳。(2)从气候舒适度综合指数来看,京津冀地区气候舒适期年内分布呈"M"型,舒适期相对集中在4—5月、9—10月,舒适和较舒适等级的月累计日数均达到28 d以上,其中5月气候最为舒适,舒适等级日数最多,达到24—26 d;北京年平均舒适天数最多(100 d),天津最少(91 d)。(3)从单一气候舒适度指数来看,京津冀舒适和较舒适等级的初始日期大多呈显著的提前趋势;终止日期和天数大多略有增加,但变化趋势不显著。而综合指数显示,1966—2015年较舒适等级的初始日期变化最为显著,大约每10年提前3—4 d;天津和河北终止日期变化也达到显著水平,大约每10年推迟1—2 d,北京增加趋势不明显。(4)京津冀气候舒适期的空间分布显示,舒适等级的日数从西北向东南地区呈减少特征,河北北部舒适等级的年平均日数最多达115—120 d,东南部最少,不足90 d。  相似文献   

19.
甲真菌病患者分离真菌多样性分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为了探寻甲真菌病患者病甲部位的真菌多样性,以期对临床治疗提供参考,结合菌种培养的形态学研究和rDNA ITS序列分析的方法,对临床拟诊为甲真菌病患者的病甲分离培养菌株进行物种鉴定,并以丰富性指数(Ma)、多样性指数(H′)、均匀度指数(J)等指标分析指甲和趾甲分离真菌的多样性。2010年2月至9月在北京大学第三医院皮肤科的1 568例拟诊甲真菌病患者中,641例培养阳性,包括趾甲561例和指甲80例。检测到的皮肤癣菌占59.13%(其中红色毛癣菌为96.04%),酵母菌17.00%,其他真菌23.87%。分离自趾甲的Candida galli、Lewia infectoria和Paraconiothyrium hawaiiense,以及分离自指甲的Cyberlindnera jadinii确定为中国新记录种。趾甲分离菌的物种多样性指数H′、丰富度指数Ma和均匀度指数J均高于指甲分离菌。研究结果表明,该医院就诊甲真菌病患者可分离培养的真菌以皮肤癣菌的红色毛癣菌为主要物种,且趾甲分离菌的菌种多样性较指甲的更为明显。  相似文献   

20.
A multi-trait index for ranking different genetic groups/populations with homogeneous covariance structure is developed and illustrated with live data.  相似文献   

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