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1.
中国城市污泥土地利用关注的典型有机污染物   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
污泥土地利用是国内外城市污泥主要的处置方式之一,而污泥中的有机污染物是污泥土地利用的限制性因素之一.本文分析了国内外城市污泥中有机污染物的浓度和研究现状,针对我国国情,认为多环芳烃(PAHs)是城市污泥中一种常见的有机污染物,总含量一般在1 ~ 10 mg·kg-1,有的因污水来源复杂而超过了100 mg·kg-1;壬基苯酚(NP/NPE)在我国污水处理厂污泥样品中均有检出,浓度在1~128 mg·kg-1.污泥园林绿化、林地利用、土壤改良等将是今后主要的利用方向,要实现污泥安全、环保的土地利用,多环芳烃(PAHs)和壬基苯酚(NP/NPE)将是主要考虑的典型有机污染物.  相似文献   

2.
城市污泥堆肥对栽培基质保水能力和有效养分的影响   总被引:30,自引:2,他引:28  
陈同斌  高定  李新波 《生态学报》2002,22(6):802-807
盆栽试验表明 ,城市污泥堆肥不仅可以明显提高栽培基质的有效氮、磷含量 ,而且可以增强栽培基质的保水性能和植物的抗旱能力 ,但是栽培基质的萎焉点也随着其用量的增加而增高。因此 ,从保证植物水分供应的角度考虑 ,虽然可以大量地使用城市污泥堆肥 ,但是其用量并不是越多越好 ;当用量超过 75 %时 ,继续增加城市污泥堆肥的比例 ,则植物的吸水能力反而会略有下降。从养分供应和保水性能等角度综合考虑 ,采用经过堆肥化处理的城市污泥作为植物栽培基质 ,是城市污泥资源化和无害化的可行途径  相似文献   

3.
中国城市污泥有机质及养分含量与土地利用   总被引:99,自引:0,他引:99  
李艳霞  陈同斌  罗维  黄启飞  吴吉夫 《生态学报》2003,23(11):2464-2474
土地利用是城市污泥的重要处理处置方法,其有机质和养分含量是土地利用中很受关注的问题。关于中国的城市污泥虽然已有不少研究报道,但不同研究结果之间结论并不一致,且缺乏系统的总结。通过系统搜集了20世纪80年代以来全国城市污泥相关的文献资料,重点评述中国城市污泥的有机质含量及其土地利用问题。通过29个城市污泥组成的统计分析发现,中国城市污泥(不包括工业污泥)的有机质平均含量达到384g/kg,全氮、全磷和全钾分别为27、14.3和7g/kg;有机质、全氮、全磷比纯猪粪分别高出1/3~2/3,但全钾比纯猪粪低1/3。中国城市污泥的有机质含量呈逐年增加的趋势,但氮、磷含量变化规律不明显。研究证明,城市污泥在粮食作物、蔬菜、经济作物及园林绿地上使用,具有明显的肥效和改良土壤的效果。近年来,城市污泥中重金属含量越来越低,这有利用促进城市污泥的土地利用,但中国在有机污染物和病原体的危害方面研究相对较少,对城市污泥土地利用的潜在风险仍缺乏长期的定位试验研究。  相似文献   

4.
Zier  Nadja  Schiene  Rainer  Koch  Helmut  Fischer  Klaus 《Plant and Soil》1999,213(1-2):241-250
Soils disturbed by long-term opencast mining were treated with organic waste materials for reclamation. Humic substances were extracted from waste and soil samples and analysed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and electrofocusing. Furthermore, analytical pyrolysis permits to study all starting materials in situ. According to structural similarities, the statistical evaluation of the pyrolysis results clearly indicates three sample groups. The first group, called compost, implies the waste materials compost and composted sewage sludge. Moreover, pyrolysis revealed that coal humic substances are predominant in brown coal sludge, pure mine soils and mine soils treated with the different organic waste materials. They constitute the second group. The sewage sludge contains a high nitrogen potential, as expected, and represents the third group. Finally, pyrolysis generally showed the specific structural characteristics of humic and fulvic acids, respectively. Electrofocusing yielded for all samples a signal pattern that is typical of humic substances. However, number and ratio of the signals differ according to the special structural features of the samples. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

5.
污泥土地利用对农作物及土壤的影响研究   总被引:54,自引:10,他引:44  
以沈阳北部污水处理厂污泥为研究对象 ,开展了污泥土地利用对农作物及土壤环境影响的研究 .结果表明 ,污泥土地利用可提高土壤中N、P及有机质含量 .污泥用量为 2 2 .5t·hm-2 和 45t·hm-2 时有利于作物生长发育 ,使水稻生物量与对照相比分别增加了 11.48%、11.83%.污泥施用量只要控制在 45t·hm-2以内 ,污泥中的重金属不会对土壤、农产品质量及地下水产生不良的影响 .  相似文献   

6.
余杰  郑国砥  高定  刘洪涛  陈同斌 《生态学报》2012,32(7):2271-2278
分析了国内部分城市脱水污泥中几种主要有机污染物浓度,PAHs含量为1.156—34.940mg/kg,PCBs含量为0—115.730mg/kg;PCDD/Fs含量为9.530—22.900 ngTEQ/g干泥,NP含量为177.000mg/kg。提出要实现污泥安全、环保的土地利用,可采用生物好氧发酵技术降解污泥中的有机污染物,降低污泥在土地利用时有机污染物带来的环境风险。同时通过优化污泥生物好氧发酵控制条件:C/N值范围为25∶1—40∶1,温度在30—55℃,氧气浓度5%—15%,强制通风量控制在1.5—2.0m3.min-1.t-1(干泥)左右,pH6—9,混料含水率为50%—65%,经生物好氧发酵后的污泥施用土地,可以大大降低污泥在土地利用时的环境风险,避免污泥资源化利用带来的二次污染问题。  相似文献   

7.
The Lechang lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine and Dabao Shan copper (Cu) mine are located at the north of Guangdong Province in southern China. The residual tailings were permanently stored in tailings ponds which required revegetation to reduce their impact on the environment. A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using Vetiveria zizanioides (vetiver) and Phragmities australis (common reed) for the reclamation of Pb/Zn and Cu mine tailings and to evaluate the effects of organic amendments using manure compost (11.00, 22.03, 44.05 and 88.10 t/ha) and sewages sludge (11.00, 22.03, 44.05 and 88.10 t/ha) on the revegetation of these tailings. The results revealed that the applications of manure compost or sewage sludge not only increased N, P and K concentrations, but also decreased DTPA-extractable Pb and Zn contents in Pb/Zn tailings and DTPA-extractable Cu contents in Cu tailings. For Pb/Zn mine tailings, application of sewage sludge increased the yields of both species (highest yield at 44.05 t/ha), but not manure compost. For Cu mine tailings, application of manure compost (highest yield for both species at 44.05 and 22.03 t/ha for vetiver and common reed accordingly) or sewage sludge (highest yield at 22.03 and 44.05 t/ha for vetiver and common reed accordingly) increased the yield of both species. In general, vetiver achieved a higher yield when compared with common reed, under the same treatment. Plant tissue analysis showed that application of manure compost and sewage sludge could significantly reduce Pb uptake and accumulation, but not Cu in both vetiver and common reed.  相似文献   

8.
In this study, we present the response of spinach to different amendment rates of sewage sludge (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 g kg?1) in a greenhouse pot experiment, where plant growth, biomass and heavy metal uptake were measured. The results showed that sewage sludge application increased soil electric conductivity (EC), organic matter, chromium and zinc concentrations and decreased soil pH. All heavy metal concentrations of the sewage sludge were below the permissible limits for land application of sewage sludge recommended by the Council of the European Communities. Biomass and all growth parameters (except the shoot/root ratio) of spinach showed a positive response to sewage sludge applications up to 40 g kg?1 compared to the control soil. Increasing the sewage sludge amendment rate caused an increase in all heavy metal concentrations (except lead) in spinach root and shoot. However, all heavy metal concentrations (except chromium and iron) were in the normal range and did not reach the phytotoxic levels. The spinach was characterized by a bioaccumulation factor <1.0 for all heavy metals. The translocation factor (TF) varied among the heavy metals as well as among the sewage sludge amendment rates. Spinach translocation mechanisms clearly restricted heavy metal transport to the edible parts (shoot) because the TFs for all heavy metals (except zinc) were <1.0. In conclusion, sewage sludge used in the present study can be considered for use as a fertilizer in spinach production systems in Saudi Arabia, and the results can serve as a management method for sewage sludge.  相似文献   

9.
A hair-baiting method was used in laboratory study of the influence on the composition of the keratinolytic and non-keratinolytic mycobiota in sewage of adding the ammonium nitrogen sources, peptone, ammonia water and urea. It was demonstrated that, independent of the nitrogen source, the ammonium nitrogen concentration was the critical factor affecting the fungal composition. Ammonium prevented or markedly inhibited the growth of Trichophyton terrestre, with its teleomorph Arthroderma quadrifidum; other geophilic dermatophytes and non-keratinolytic fungi. It also favoured growth of Chrysosporium keratinophilum and some other species, mainly in the genus Chrysosporium. The composition of the keratinolytic mycobiota can be an indicator of sludge organic matter stabilization, and used in relation to sewage sludge at wastewater treatment plants and in reclamation practice.  相似文献   

10.
城市污泥土地利用研究   总被引:159,自引:2,他引:157  
通过培养试验、盆栽试验和田间试验系统地研究了污泥的组分特征、性质及其农地和城市园林绿化地利用对作物或绿化灌木、土壤肥力及其环境的影响,结果表明,污泥富含有机质和氮磷养分,且养分当季有效性介于化肥农家肥之间。施用污泥将明显提高土壤肥力,表现改善土壤物理性质;增加土壤肥机质和氮磷水平,并增加土壤生物活性,因此施用污泥的处理作物产量较高,并有利于后茬作物的稳健生长。但污泥施用也存在重金属、病原物等污染  相似文献   

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