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1.
人参与丹参的抗脑缺氧作用   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
中药人参与丹参在我国的药用历史都很久。一些研究表明 ,人参制剂有抗缺氧作用 ,人参的主要活性成份人参皂甙具有抗缺氧性脑损伤的作用。同样 ,丹参亦具有抗缺氧及抗缺氧性脑损伤的作用 ,并且临床上已用于缺血性心脑血管疾病等治疗。然而 ,人参与丹参抗缺氧脑损伤的作用机制目前尚不十分清楚 ,人参亦尚未用于临床防治缺氧缺血性脑病。本课题结合整体动物及离体海马脑片的低氧实验 ,以比较人参与丹参的抗脑缺氧作用 ,并分析其作用机制 ,为临床应用人参防治缺血缺氧性脑损伤提供理论依据。1 材料和方法(1)药剂 人参及丹参制剂由上海海洋水下…  相似文献   

2.
人参皂苷IH901是近年人参代谢组学研究中新发现的一种稀有人参皂苷。IH901在天然人参中并不存在,系口服人参后通过系列肠道微生物在体内代谢转化,最终入血的主要代谢产物之一。最新药理学研究表明,IH901在抗肿瘤、抗炎、抗糖尿病和抗衰老等方面均表现出良好的生物活性,是人参在体内发挥活性作用的主要物质。近年来,在体内转化IH901的理论指导下,国内外学者通过体外酶转化和微生物转化等生物工程技术在大规模提取制备IH901等研究方面均取得突破性的进展。以下综述了稀有人参皂苷IH901在体内外的生物转化及其生物活性等研究进展。  相似文献   

3.
人参皂苷IH901是一种天然二醇组人参皂苷肠道细菌最终代谢产物.目前研究表明,IH901具有抗肝癌活性,然而其作用机理尚不清楚.采用人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721,HepG2,MHCC97-H来建立体内外的抗肿瘤模型,以探讨人参皂苷IH901的抗肝癌活性及其作用机理.结果发现,人参皂苷IH901能够通过细胞周期中亚二倍体峰的增加、线粒体跨膜电位(ΔΨm)崩溃、DNA梯形条带的形成和提高Caspase-9/Caspase-3的表达量、促进凋亡来抑制肝癌细胞的生长.通过抑制细胞的迁移和降低VEGF/bFGF的表达来抑制肝癌细胞的侵袭转移.裸鼠体内实验均表明了人参皂苷在体内外的抗肝癌活性,并且在分子、细胞、动物水平初步揭示了IH901抗肝癌生长及其侵袭转移的作用机理,为其作为抗肝癌药物的开发提供理论支持.  相似文献   

4.
人参皂苷的心血管药理效应:进展与思考   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
人参是在中国乃至东南亚地区应用历史最为悠久、应用人群最为广泛的传统中药之一.近50年来,国内外学者对人参的主要化学成分、药理效应及临床应用进行了大量研究.本文从抗动脉粥样硬化、抗心律失常、抗心肌缺血、抑制心室重构等方面对近10年来国内外对人参的主要化学成分(人参皂苷)的心血管药理效应及作用机制的研究进展进行系统归纳并提出相关思考,以求为进一步提高其研究水平、扩大临床应用提供科学化依据.  相似文献   

5.
2种中药单体对念珠菌的体外药敏研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的探讨人参茎叶皂甙、三七总皂甙、氟康唑、伊曲康唑体外抗念珠菌的敏感性。方法采用CLSI公布的M-27A方案微量液体稀释法分别测定氟康唑、伊曲康唑、人参茎叶皂甙、三七总皂甙对60株临床分离念珠菌的体外敏感性。结果氟康唑、伊曲康唑、人参茎叶皂甙、三七总皂甙对受试菌的MIC50分别为0.25、0.25、7.812和15.625 mg/L,MIC90分别为64、16、250和250 mg/L。60株念珠菌临床分离株中有10株对伊曲康唑、人参茎叶皂甙、三七总皂甙交叉耐药。结论人参茎叶皂甙、三七总皂甙在体外对念珠菌均有不同程度抑制作用,CLSI M27-A方案可用于对中药抗念珠菌活性的评价。  相似文献   

6.
红参为人参常用炮制品之一,其化学成分主要有皂苷类、挥发油类、糖类、氨基酸类、微量元素等;药理作用研究发现红参主要具有增强免疫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗衰老、抗疲劳、抗糖尿病、抗肝肾毒性作用等。红参在加工过程中会产生多种成分,如人参皂苷Rg_3、人参皂苷Rh_1、人参皂苷Rh_2、人参炔醇、精氨酸双糖苷、麦芽酚等,这会使得红参的某些药理作用增强。本文则系统整理了2010~2020年红参的化学成分及药理活性的研究进展,以期为红参的质量控制、临床应用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
西藏对红景天的研究与应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
素有高原人参之称的红景天,含有100种左右的化学成分,是一类具有天然配方的保健药物。它类似人参,但又优于人参,具有抗缺氧、抗辐射、抗毒、抗癌、抗疲劳、强身壮体等功效。为此,我国许多植物学家都认为,红景天植物资源是继人参、刺五加之后发现的我国第三种重要的保健药物资源。  相似文献   

8.
人参皂苷生物合成和次生代谢工程   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
人参皂苷属于植物三萜皂苷类化合物,是传统名贵药材人参和西洋参的主要活性成分,具有抗炎、抗氧化作用,还有广泛的抗肿瘤作用。人参皂苷与植物甾醇共享前期代谢途径,通过2, 3-氧化鲨烯环化步骤进入三萜代谢分支途径,在三萜碳环骨架复杂修饰的基础上形成人参皂苷。综述了近年人参皂苷生物合成途径及关键酶基因研究的最新进展,揭示了人参皂苷生物合成的基本途径,对途径中关键酶的基因进行了综述,并结合次生代谢工程技术, 探讨了该技术在人参皂苷生物合成中的应用前景。  相似文献   

9.
人参的遗传改良*   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
遗传改良是人参育种的重要手段之一,而遗传转化和再生体系的建立是开展人参遗传改良工作的前提和基础。人参植株再生可以通过器官发生和体细胞胚发生,间接体细胞胚发生是人参植株再生的主要途径,从不同外植体,不同碳源,体细胞胚优化和无激素再生等方面进行了综述。在人参遗传转化方面,发根农杆菌和根癌农杆菌对人参的遗传转化均已成功,人参皂苷合成途径中的关键酶基因和抗除草剂基因也已陆续导入人参,得到了遗传改良的转化人参。发根培养系统可用于大量生产人参皂苷,讨论了rolC基因对人参发根诱导的作用,发根植株再生能力及生物反应器培养,最后指出了人参基因工程研究中存在的问题。  相似文献   

10.
人参皂苷Compound K (CK)是一种具有抗癌抗炎等药理活性的化合物。目前在天然人参中暂未鉴定出,工业上主要通过原人参二醇型皂苷的去糖基化进行制备。相对于传统的物理、化学的去糖基化法,利用原人参二醇型皂苷水解酶制备CK具有特异性强、绿色环保和高效稳定的优点。本文根据水解酶作用的糖基连接碳原子的差异将原人参二醇型皂苷水解酶分成了3类,发现大多数能制备CK的水解酶为Ⅲ型原人参二醇型皂苷水解酶。此外,对水解酶在制备CK中的应用进行了总结评估,旨在为人参皂苷CK的大规模制备及其在食品和药品行业中的开发提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
中国红参化学成分的研究(Ⅱ)   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:研究五加科人参属常用中药红参的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱层析、反相柱层析、Sephadex LH-20柱层析、半制备液相色谱等方法分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果:从红参中分离并鉴定5个化合物,结构分别为:异麦芽酚甘露糖苷(isomaltol-3-α-D-O-mannopyranoside 1),人参皂苷Rc(2),麦芽酚(3),β-谷甾醇(4),棕榈酸(5)。结论:化合物1为首次从五加科中分离得到。  相似文献   

12.
本文通过对大量的历史资料的整理分析及人参产地的实际研究,给出了人参种群分布区在近2000多年间从黄河岸边向北消退的历史概况。就人参种群历史性消退的机理作了初步分析,建立了人参种群生存空间遭受人为破坏的生态环境模型,确定了人参种群承受人口压力阈值为45人/km~2左右.最后得出,由于人口压力的作用而迫使人参种群历史性消退的结论.  相似文献   

13.
Rg3 and Rh2 ginsenosides are primarily found in Korean red ginseng root (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and valued for their bioactive properties. We quantified both Rh2 and Rg3 ginseng leaf and Rg3 from root extracts derived from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Quantification was obtained by application of HPLC with ion fragments detected using ESI-MS. Ginseng leaf contained 11.3+/-0.5 mg/g Rh2 and 7.5+/-0.9 mg/g Rg3 in concentrated extracts compared to 10.6+/-0.4 mg/g Rg3 in ginseng root. No detectable Rh2 was found in root extracts by HPLC, although it was detectable by ESI-MS analysis. Ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 were detected following hot water reflux extraction, but not from tissues extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol at room temperature. Therefore ginsenosides Rg3 and Rh2 are not naturally present in North American ginseng, but are products of a thermal process. Using ESI-MS analysis, it was found that formation of Rg3 and Rh2, among other compounds, were a function of heating time and were breakdown products of the more abundant ginsenosides Rb1 and Rc. Our findings that heat processed North American ginseng leaf is an excellent source of Rh2 ginsenoside is an important discovery considering that ginseng leaf material is obtainable throughout the entire plant cycle for recovery of valuable ginsenosides for pharmaceutical use.  相似文献   

14.
The effect of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, the bacterial pathogen affecting humans and animals, on growth of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey) cell cultures was studied. The bacteria strongly induced the expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and β-1,3-glucanase, the proteins encoded by the defense-related genes of ginseng and inhibited the normal ginseng callus growth but did not affect the resistant cell cultures. The thermostable and thermolabile protein toxins of these bacteria are lethal to mice when induced parentherally, and they also induced the expression of the defense-related genes in ginseng callus cultures. At the same time, the ginseng cells completely suppressed the bacterial cell growth. These data suggest that the ginseng cells recognized the yersinia and developed the immune response to this pathogen. The interaction between the ginseng cells and Y. pseudotuberculosis is similar to the hypersensitive response of plants to plant pathogens.  相似文献   

15.
Summary Roots, stems, or leaves of American (Panax quinquefolium) and Korean (Panax ginsing) ginseng were grown as callus or supension tissue cultures. Tissue cultures ofP. ginseng would occasionally form plantlets. The fundamental chemical composition, inorganic analysis, and saponin (panaquilin) content of American and Korean ginseng plants and tissue cultures were determined. The crude saponin content is very similar to, but approximately one-half (1.3%, fresh weight) of that present in ginseng roots. Two-dimensional thin layer chromatographic analysis revealed minor differences in the panaquilins present in American and Korean ginseng tissue cultures. The sapogenin, panaxadiol, was isolated from Korean ginseng callus.  相似文献   

16.
Immunochemical and genetic methods have been developed in order to distinguish Panax spp. With the aim of establishing immunochemical methods, two hybridomas (3H4 and 5H8), each secreting a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against proteins of Panax ginseng, were prepared by fusing splenocytes immunized with two kinds of ginseng water-soluble fractions and a hypoxanthine-thymidine-aminopterin-sensitive mouse myeloma cell line, P3-X63-Ag8-U1. MAb 3H4 cross-reacted with four Panax spp., whereas the MAb 5H8 cross-reacted with P. ginseng in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA and western blotting methods using a ginseng water-soluble fraction as the solid-phase antigen were developed for the unambiguous authentication of P. ginseng. A combination of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and eastern blotting analyses using anti-ginsenoside Rb1 and Rgl monoclonal antibodies was used for the identification of P. notoginseng, P. quinquefolius and P. japonicus. RAPD can be used to differentiate the species of Panax from each other. An important parameter used for differentiating P. notoginseng is the absence of ginsenoside Rc in the extract of P. notoginseng with eastern blotting. The combination of these methods enabled a reliable identification of Panax spp.  相似文献   

17.
Regulation of balance between lipid accumulation and energy consumption is a critical step for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Here, we show that Panax red ginseng extract treatments increased energy expenditures and prevented mice from diet induced obesity. Panax red ginseng extracts strongly activated Hormone Specific Lipase (HSL) via Protein Kinase A (PKA). Since activation of HSL induces lipolysis in WAT and fatty acid oxidation in brown adipose tissue (BAT), these results suggest that Panax red ginseng extracts reduce HFD induced obesity by regulating lipid mobilization.  相似文献   

18.
The paper describes a procedure for the initiation, subculture and continued proliferation of adventitious roots of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium, which resemble hairy roots. The technique took advantage of the high powerful activity of a new synthetic auxin: benzo[b]selenienyl acetic acid (BSAA). Such initiation from root explants was dependent upon the season, the type and concentration of auxin. The hairy-like roots of ginseng could be subcultured by transfer every 4 weeks to fresh liquid medium either in agitated Erlenmeyer flasks or in bioreactors. Optimal conditions for a continued multiplication (up to 14 per month) were determined. The only practical problem was the limitation of the fresh mass as inoculum: the multiplication rate decreased with the increased quantity of roots. It is postulated that a root growth inhibiting substance was released into the media by the proliferating ginseng hairy roots.  相似文献   

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