青海湖裸鲤不同年龄鉴定材料的年轮特征

通过各种年龄鉴定材料比较研究了青海湖裸鲤的年轮特征。微耳石和星耳石可用于鉴定年龄,而矢耳石易碎,不适合鉴定年龄。4种年龄鉴定材料对青海湖裸鲤年龄的判别能力为:背鳍条>微耳石>臀鳞>脊椎骨。对8龄以下个体,用背鳍条磨片鉴定年龄效果较佳;对8龄以上个体,臀鳞、背鳍条磨片和脊椎骨上的年轮计数明显低于微耳石磨片,微耳石磨片是高龄青海湖裸鲤较为可靠的年龄鉴定材料。       

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cobitis elazigensis</Emphasis>, a New Species of Cobitidid Fish from Anatolia,Turkey

A new cobitidid, Cobitis elazigensis, is described from Anatolian Turkey in the province of Elazi?. The new species differs from all other members of the genus by having the following combination of characters: two Canestrini’s scales on the pectoral fin, a suborbital spine with a dorso-lateral branch (rarely simple and unbranched), large size, over 180 mm total length, total vertebrae 47–49, lateral spots reduced or absent, a spot at the upper caudal fin base, scales longer than wide with a small focus, dorsal fin rays III, 5–6, usually 6, ventral fin rays III, 6–7, usually 6, and pectoral fin rays I, 7–9.     

Channa panaw, a new channid fish from the Irrawaddy and Sittang River basins, Myanmar

Channa panaw sp. nov. (Channidae) is described from 32 specimens collected from the Irrawaddy and Sittang River basins, Myanmar. It is distinguishable from all known congeners by the combination of the following characters: 32–35 dorsal fin rays, 23–24 anal fin rays, 17–20 pectoral fin rays, 39–41 lateral line scales, 39–41 total vertebrae, one large scale on each side of the lower jaw (rarely 2 on one side), pelvic fin length always more than 50% of pectoral fin length, and 7–12 irregular black blotches on the upper half of the body.     

An assessment of otoliths,dorsal spines and scales to age the long‐finned gurnard,Lepidotrigla argus,Ogilby, 1910 (Family: Triglidae)

Sagittal otoliths, dorsal spines and scales were critically assessed as structures to potentially determine the age of the long‐finned gurnard, Lepidotrigla argus. Counts were made of opaque growth increments and a readability score was assigned to each structure. Comparisons of growth increment counts were made between structures and between readings. All three structures showed some degree of readability and quantifiable growth increments, but this varied within fishes and between structures. Initial results showed that whole otoliths were more suitable to determine age estimates than dorsal spines and scales. Scales were considered unsuitable due to between reading ageing bias, variation in age estimates between structures, low precision and poor readability for this species. Dorsal spines showed evidence of loss of growth increments due to hollowing of the vascular core, which resulted in underestimation of older individuals in comparison to whole otoliths. Further analysis showed that growth increment counts from whole otoliths were lower for older individuals in comparison to sectioned otoliths. It is suggested that this is because of decreased clarity of growth increments towards the outer margin of whole otoliths in older individuals; this problem was not present with sectioned otoliths. It was concluded that sectioned otoliths were a more suitable structure from which to estimate age of L. argus than were whole otoliths, dorsal spines and/or scales.     

A new cottid species, Icelus sekii (Perciformes: Cottoidei), from Hokkaido, Japan

A new cottid species, Icelus sekii, is described on the basis of six specimens collected from off Rausu and Urakawa, Hokkaido Island, Japan. This species is distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: supraocular and parietal spines absent; nuchal spine obscure; uppermost preopercular spine unbranched; no scales between dorsal scale row and lateral line scale row, and no scales below lateral line scale row; supraocular, parietal, and nuchal cirri present; five dark brown saddles dorsolaterally; anal fin rays 13; pectoral fin rays 15; vertebrae 12 + 24–25 = 36–37. Icelus sekii can be mature at the smallest size among the species of Icelus. As a secondary sexual character, the male holotype has unique ensiform flaps on the distal tips of the first dorsal fin.     

中国海鱼类猪齿鱼属一新纪录种腰纹猪齿鱼(鲈形目,隆头鱼科)

2012年9月,在中国南沙群岛渚碧礁采集到猪齿鱼属标本1尾,经鉴定为中国新纪录种——腰纹猪齿鱼(Choerodon zosterophorus)。本种的主要鉴别特征为:吻稍突出;背鳍ⅩⅢ-6;臀鳍Ⅲ-10;体被中大圆鳞,侧线完全,侧线鳞片27;从最后几个背鳍鳍棘基部下侧至胸鳍基部上侧之间有1条较宽白带;背侧有1较大黑色斑点,白斑背鳍后端处腹鳍位置上背部也有1较大黑点,通常在白斑处以黑色边缘线形式向前腹端延伸至腹部后侧;成体尾鳍为灰色。     

A new Early Miocene genus of the family Sciaenidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) from the eastern Paratethys

A new genus of sciaenid fish Caucasisciaena is erected to accommodate the Early Miocene eastern Paratethys species Perca ignota Smirnov, 1936, which, subsequently, was variously attributed to the modern genera, either Larimus or Otolithoides. The materials examined include 32 specimens from four Caucasian and Crimean localities of Sakaraulian age (Lower Burdigalian). The new genus is based on a unique combination of features, including: parasphenoid with a dorsal rounded bony flange; basisphenoid present; premaxilla with short ascending process forming obtuse angle with alveolar process and ascending/alveolar process ratio about 0.17; anterior premaxillary teeth enlarged; posttemporal with few robust spines along its posterior margin; presence of 25 vertebrae; presence of three tiny supraneurals; dorsal fin with 11 spines plus 22–24 soft rays; anal fin with two spines and 7–8 soft rays; second anal-fin spine long and massive; pectoral fin elongate; scales ctenoid on body and cycloid on head (except for one or two rows of ctenoid scales on the cheek). Paleoecological considerations suggest that Caucasisciaena probably was a predatory fish that inhabited the coastal waters of the eastern sector of the Paratethyan basin.     

Precision of Age Estimates Obtained from Five Calcified Structure for Wels Catfish,Silurus glanis

Journal of Ichthyology - In this study, vertebrae, otoliths (asteriscus and lapillus), sectioned lapillus and pectoral fin rays were evaluated for age determination of Silurus glanis L., 1758...     

A new species of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Rhinogobius</Emphasis> (Teleostei: Gobiidae) from the Feiyunjiang Basin in Zhejiang Province,China

A new freshwater goby, Rhinogobius wuyanlingensis, was collected from Wuyanling National Natural Conservation Area, Taishun, Zhejiang Province, China. The species can be distinguished from all congeneric species by the following unique combination of features: second dorsal fin rays modally I, 8; anal fin rays I, 8; pectoral fin rays modally 18; longitudinal scale series 30–32; predorsal scales 7–9; vertebral count 10 + 17 = 27; body always with six longitudinal pinkish orange to grayish brown lines from dorsal to ventral region in male; cheek spotless; branchiostegal membrane deep grayish with 6–7 long, transverse deep red stripes in male; chin always deep grayish; first dorsal fin with two long black blotches on membranes anterior to third spinous ray in male; second dorsal fin whitish with three to four horizontal rows of light spots in male; caudal fin base with a large blackish-brown spot; and pectoral fin with a horizontal, median blackish brown line. An artificial key to all five nominal species with a high vertebral count (27–29) from Zhejiang Province from China is also provided.     

Pseudanthias calloura (Teleostei: Perciformes), a new serranid fish from Palau, Central Pacific

A new anthine fish, Pseudanthias calloura, is described on the basis of three specimens from Palau. The new species differs from other congeners in having a complicated color pattern of the caudal fin and the following characters: moderately forked caudal fin; dorsal fin with 10 spines, the anterior ones being shorter than the rest, and with 16 soft rays; second anal spine shorter than the third; 19 pectoral rays; scales on lateral line 51 (holotype) to 53 (paratypes) in number; tongue without teeth; circumorbital rim with several fleshy projection on posterior part; a row of fine scales occurring asymmetrically behind alternate dorsal spines on both left and right sides; preopercle margin finely serrated; interopercle and subopercle margins smooth. Received: June 9, 1999 / Revised: September 23, 2000 / Accepted: February 23, 2001     

A comparison of different structures and methods for estimating age of northern-form Dolly Varden <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salvelinus malma malma</Emphasis> from the Canadian Arctic

Assessment of anadromous northern-form Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma malma in the Western Canadian Arctic requires reliable methods for estimating ages. Additionally, conservation efforts warrant determining whether fin rays provide a non-lethal alternative to otoliths. Precision and bias of whole and sectioned otoliths, and sectioned pectoral and pelvic fin rays were examined. Two age readers with different levels of experience ageing this species read each structure three times. Coefficient of variation (CV) was calculated to measure precision, and age bias plots were created for each method of preparation/structure within and between readers. The experienced reader demonstrated the highest precision with sectioned otoliths (CV = 1.6 %) followed by whole otoliths (CV = 4.2 %) while pectoral and pelvic fins were the lowest, CV = 7.7 % and 7.5 %, respectively. The age bias plot showed little difference between whole and sectioned otoliths, although greater imprecision/bias was evident for whole otoliths at age ≥9. Compared to otoliths, fin rays produced younger age estimates starting at 5 years; however, pelvic fins were more biased towards younger estimates than pectoral fins. The less experienced reader had greater inconsistencies, tending to overage younger and underage older samples for all methods compared to the more experienced reader, underscoring the importance of experience when estimating age for this species. We conclude that both types of fin rays are a poor non-lethal alternative to otoliths for fish ≥5 years and recommend an experienced ager could use whole otoliths up to age 8 and sectioned otoliths for fish ≥9 years (>500 mm fork length).     

Neolumpenus unocellatus,a new genus and species of stichaeid fish from Japan

Neolumpenus unocellatus gen. et sp. nov., a stichaeid fish (subfamily Lumpeninae,sensu Makushok, 1958) is described on the basis of a single specimen found in the stomach of the Pacific cod,Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, caught off Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Japan. The new genus and species is distinguished from all other lumpenines in having the following combination of characters: 1) 51 dorsal spines, 33 anal fin rays, 57 total vertebrae; 2) broad pelvic fin with deeply-branched soft rays; 3) lower rays of pectoral fin branched and not prolonged backward; 4) prevomerine and palatine teeth present; 5) pungent spines present in pelvic and anal fins; 6) upper lip fused to snout anteriorly; 7) gill openings not extending forward beyond a vertical through posterior margin of eye; 8) minimal (fifth) hypural present; 9) first interneural spine inserted between first and second neural spines; 10) extremely large cephalic sensory pores present; 11) high, steep snout; 12) ocellus on dorsal base of caudal fin.     

Evaluating the effectiveness of teeth and dorsal fin spines for non‐lethal age estimation of a tropical reef fish,coral trout Plectropomus leopardus

This study investigated whether teeth and dorsal fin spines could be used as non‐lethal methods of age estimation for a vulnerable and highly valued tropical fisheries species, coral trout Plectropomus leopardus. Age estimation of individuals from 2 to 9 years old revealed that dorsal spines represent an accurate ageing method (90% agreement with otoliths) that was more precise [average per cent error (APE) = 4·1, coefficient of variation (c.v .) = 5·8%] than otoliths (APE = 6·2, c.v . = 8·7%). Of the three methods for age estimation (otoliths, dorsal spines and teeth), spines were the most time and cost efficient. An aquarium‐based study also found that removing a dorsal spine or tooth did not affect survivorship or growth of P. leopardus. No annuli were visible in teeth despite taking transverse and longitudinal sections throughout the tooth and trialling several different laboratory methods. Although teeth may not be suitable for estimating age of P. leopardus, dorsal spines appear to be an acceptably accurate, precise and efficient method for non‐lethal ageing of individuals from 2 to 9 years old in this tropical species.     

Pethia sanjaymoluri,a new species of barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the northern Western Ghats,India

Pethia sanjaymoluri, a new cyprinid, is described from the Pavana and Nira tributaries of Bhima River, Krishna drainage, Maharashtra, India. It can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of characteristics that includes an incomplete lateral line, absence of barbels, upper lip thick and fleshy, 23–25 lateral series scales, 7–12 lateral‐line pored scales, 10 predorsal scales, 11–14 prepelvic scales, 17–20 pre‐anal scales, 4½ scales between dorsal‐fin origin and lateral line, four scales between lateral line and pelvic‐fin origin, 8–15 pairs of serrae on distal half of dorsal‐fin spine, 12–14 branched pectoral‐fin rays, 4 + 26 total vertebrae, 4 + 5 predorsal vertebrae, 4 + 13 abdominal vertebrae, 13 caudal vertebrae and a unique colour pattern comprising a humeral spot positioned below the lateral line and encompassing the third and fourth lateral‐line scales and one scale below, one caudal spot on 17th–21st lateral‐line scales with a yellow hue on its anterior side and apical half of dorsal fin studded with melanophores making the fin tip appear black. Genetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence suggests that the species is distinct from other known species of Pethia for which data are available.     

Redescription of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bregmaceros mcclellandi</Emphasis> Thompson, 1840 (Gadiformes: Bregmacerotidae)

 This study redescribes Bregmaceros mcclellandi Thompson, 1840, based on one specimen (74.4 mm SL) from the Bay of Bengal and 66 specimens (30.0–84.7 mm SL) from Mumbai (Bombay), India, because the type specimens have apparently been lost. The present specimens are characterized by having black dorsal, pectoral, and caudal fins and show the following morphology: caudal fin slightly forked; body chromatophores present mainly at the dorsal part; no scales on cheek; vertebrae 52–55 (13–15 + 38–41); dorsal rays 52–59; anal rays 54–60; pectoral rays 18–20; caudal rays 27–31 (principal rays 14); transverse scales 14–15. In the 66 Mumbai specimens, it was confirmed that the distinctive black fin pigmentation developed sequentially with growth, with complete pigmentation first on the anterior lobe of the dorsal fin, then simultaneously on the posterior lobe of the dorsal fin, the caudal fin, and the pectoral fin, and last, on the anal fin. This species is known only from the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and Gulf of Thailand. A review of 16 nominal Bregmaceros species indicates that, besides B. mcclellandi, the distinctive dark fin pigmentation is found in B. atripinnis (Tickell), B. atlanticus Goode and Bean, B. japonicus Tanaka, and B. lanceolatus Shen. B. atripinnis is considered a junior synonym of B. mcclellandi, and the others are clearly distinct from B. mcclellandi. Comments are made on some of the characters to more fully characterize the species and for reference in future revisionary and phylogenetic studies. Received: June 17, 2002 / Revised: December 2, 2002 / Accepted: December 24, 2002     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Samariscus multiradiatus</Emphasis>, a new dextral flounder (Pleuronectiformes: Samaridae) from New Caledonia

A new dextral flounder, Samariscus multiradiatus, is described from six specimens (four males and two females) collected in deep waters (296–430 m) around New Caledonia. The species is easily distinguished from its 16 congeners in having a combination of 85–91 dorsal fin rays, 67–72 anal fin rays, 5 pectoral fin rays, and 9 abdominal and 34–35 caudal vertebrae.     

Otolith annulus validation and variables influencing false annuli formation in dorsal spines of saugeye

Marginal increment analysis is a common technique for validating formation of a single annual growth ring on an ageing structure. False annuli can form on ageing structures when environmental variables affect growth of a fish, potentially resulting in age estimation bias. Therefore, validating ageing structures is essential to ensure that accurate and precise age estimates are collected when assessing fish population dynamics. Saugeye (Sander vitreus, [Mitchill, 1818]) and S. Canadensis, [Griffith and Smith, 1834]) are highly valued sport fish that are stocked across the Midwest United States. Using marginal increment analysis, we confirmed that a single annulus was formed yearly in otoliths of juvenile saugeye, however two annuli formed in dorsal spines in a single year. Timing of the first annulus formation in both otoliths and dorsal spines was completed after a slow growth period during winter (otoliths forming in April; dorsal spines forming in March). The second annulus (false annulus) that formed during August in dorsal spines did not form in otoliths. To understand what environmental factors may influence the false annulus to form, we collected monthly water temperatures and percent empty stomachs of juvenile saugeye. The highest water temperatures of the year occur during July and August, which resulted in saugeye seeking thermal refuge and affecting feeding habits. Mean monthly temperature and percent empty stomachs were positively correlated, so during times of high temperatures foraging rates declined, suggesting the formation of false annulus on dorsal spines of juvenile saugeye. This study demonstrates how thermal stress affected accuracy of non‐lethal aging structures and further emphasizes the need for age validation studies prior to using non‐lethal ageing structures to estimate age for a particular species from different aquatic systems.     

Non‐destructive ageing in Notolabrus tetricus using dorsal spines with an emphasis on the benefits for protected, endangered and fished species

Age estimates from clipped dorsal spines were compared to otoliths and scales in the blue throat wrasse Notolabrus tetricus . Dorsal spines provided accurate, non‐destructive ageing and are recommended in favour of destructive methods for conservation purposes.     

A larva of Coryphaenoides pectoralis (Gadiformes: Macrouridae) collected by deep-sea submersible from off Hokkaido, Japan

A late-stage larva of Coryphaenoides pectoralis was first observed in situ and subsequently collected by the deep-sea submersible “Shinkai 2000” from mesopelagic waters at a depth of 530 m off Hokkaido, Japan. The larva (14.5 mm in head length, 149+ mm in total length) has fan-like pectoral fins, elongate first dorsal fin, pelvic fin and tail, 10 first dorsal rays (including 2 pseudospines), and 7 pelvic fin rays, 6 branchiostegal rays, no light organ, anus just anterior to anal fin origin, 2 retia and gas glands, 14 abdominal vertebrae, and previously reported larval pigmentation. Counts of second dorsal and anal fin rays, and caudal vertebrae, are reported for the first time.     

Hastatobythites arafurensis, a new bythitid genus and species from Australia (Bythitidae, Ophidiiformes)

A new genus and species of the subfamily Bythitinae (Bythitidae),Hastatobythites arafurensis, is described on the basis of two specimens from the Arafura Sea. The genus is unique in the subfamily in having two anteriorlydirected spines, one on the frontal and one on the mesethmoid. It is also distinguishable from all other genera in the subfamily by the following combination of characters: head scales absent; squamation on body incomplete; maxillary expanded posteriorly; no thin pore-bearing skin flap over opercle; opercle thin, weak, without distinct spine; jaw teeth conical; vomerine and palatine teeth present; developed gill rakers on 1 st arch 3; pelvic fins with 1 ray in each; pectoral peduncle elongated, with 16 rays; caudal fin rays 12; branchiostegal, rays 8; precaudal vertebrae 15, with tips of 6th to 12th neural spines truncated.