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1.
一株蝗虫病原菌的鉴定及其毒力和病理研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
从蝗虫自然病死虫尸中分离到一株病原菌HR_3,其纯培养物的致病性被科赫原理证明。为确定该菌在分类学上的地位,经生理生化测定和分子鉴定,此病原菌为粘质沙雷氏菌(Serratia marcescens)。通过口服感染测定了该菌对蝗虫的毒力,毒力回归方程为y=1.067+0.809x,致死中浓度LC50=1.164×108cfu/mL。为探讨HR_3对蝗虫致病的作用机理,对HR_3感染蝗虫后的组织病理进行了研究,结果表明感染初期蝗虫的中肠上皮细胞受到破坏,继而出现局部变性坏死。感染48h后,消化细胞层大部分区域被空泡状物充盈。  相似文献   

2.
新疆青海中度嗜盐放线菌生物多样性初步研究   总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5  
从我国新疆、青海等地采集数份盐碱土样或泥样,采用淀粉-酪素琼脂培养基、甘油天门冬酰胺琼脂培养基、土壤浸汁琼脂培养基分别从中分离到8株、32株中度嗜盐放线菌菌株。经形态、生理学特性与全细胞壁氨基酸组分分析结果比较,选取其中的14株进行16S rDNA序列分析。就物种多样性而言,新疆、青海分离到中度嗜盐放线菌分布至少有3个科,5个属。其中有拟诺卡氏菌科(Nocardiopsaceae)的拟诺卡氏菌属(Nocardiopsis)和链单孢菌属(Streptomonospora);假诺卡氏菌科(Pseudonocardiaceae)的普氏菌属(Prauserella)和糖单孢菌属(Saccharomonospora);链霉菌科(Streptomycetaceae)的链霉菌属(Streptomyces)。就地区分布来讲,新疆分离到的中度嗜盐放线菌种类要远高于青海。  相似文献   

3.
一种短杆状耐辐射菌的分离与鉴定   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
从北京地区公园湖岸土壤中分离到一株橙红色杆状耐辐射菌,细胞壁革兰氏染色为阴性,电镜显示菌体大小为06μm~16μm,略大于日本学者报道的Deinobacter grandis菌,过氧化氢酶的含量和分子量不同于D.radiodurans R1菌,分离菌的(G+C)mol%含量为707%, 16S rDNA序列分析表明,分离到的杆状耐辐射菌(RR5332)16S rRNA基因序列与Deinobacter grandis菌高度同源,提示RR5332归于Deinobacter菌属,并可能是该菌属中的一个新种。  相似文献   

4.
从云南西北部土样中分离到一株卡瑞苯西思伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia caribensis),它在氯乙酸培养基中能产生较高活性的卤乙酸脱卤酶。经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE SephadexA50柱层析、羟基磷灰石柱层析、Sephadex G200 凝胶过滤后,获得电泳纯酶。用SDSPAGE测定酶分子量为46kD。水解氯乙酸的Km值为3.7×10-3mol/L。酶反应的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为9.5。金属离子及CN-、EDTA对该酶有不同程度的影响,Hg2+和CN-则对该酶有强烈的抑制作用。  相似文献   

5.
富锌酵母的选育及培养条件研究   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
对402株不同种属的酵母菌株进行了出筛、复筛、单倍体分离、诱变,从亲株Y-6-16-18(a met)accharomyces cerevisiae)和Y378-4-15(α-leu)(Sacharomyces kluyveri)的杂交菌株中选育到一株富锌酵母菌株(编号为ZGH374)。并初步优化了发酵条件:培养基为80g/L糖浓度的麦芽汁、10g/L蛋白胨、锌添加量400μg/mL,pH 6.0,装液量40mL/250mL三角瓶,接种量10%(V/V),培养起始添加锌盐,培养时间30h。在优化的条件下,杂交菌株ZGH374的生物量(细胞干重)达到14.3g/L,细胞锌含量可达到9.3mg/g,锌总含量达到了133mg/L。  相似文献   

6.
为获得高效产氢发酵细菌,采用改进的厌氧Hungate培养技术,从生物制氢反应器CSTR中分离一株产氢细菌X1。对该株细菌进行了形态学特征、生理生化指标、16S rDNA和16S23S rDNA 间隔区序列分析等研究。结果表明与最相近的种属Clostridium cellulosiAcetanaerobacterium elongatum等的16S rRNA基因序列同源性为94%以下。16S23S rRNA 间隔区基因序列比对分析显示保守区域仅为tRNAAla和tRNAIle序列,其它可变部位没有同源性区域,鉴定为新属Ethanologenbacterium sp.。该株细菌为专性厌氧杆菌,代谢特征为乙醇发酵,葡萄糖发酵产物主要为乙醇、乙酸、H2和CO2。在pH4.0和36℃条件下最大产氢速率是28.3mmol H2/(g dry cell·h)。经鉴定和产氢效能分析表明该菌株是一新属的高效产氢细菌。  相似文献   

7.
姜卫红  Patterson  John  A 《微生物学报》1999,39(6):539-545
对7种乙酸菌(Acetitomaculum ruminis, Acetobacterium woodii, Eubacterium limosum和分离株A2、A4、A10、H3HH)的葡萄糖和2脱氧葡萄糖磷酸化作用进行了研究。尽管所有机体都存在磷酸化反应,但它们在依赖PEP和ATP的比例上有实质性区别。分离菌株A10具有最高的依赖PEP的葡萄糖磷酸化活力(1162nmol·L-1·mg-1·min-1),A10、H3HH和E.limosum都具有葡萄糖磷酸转移酶系统(phosphotransferase systemPTS)。相反,A.ruminis、A.woodii、A2和A4则不具有PTS活力。这七株菌的葡萄糖依赖ATP的磷酸化活力都高于依赖PEP的磷酸化活力,但其程度有所不同。A10和H3HH的葡萄糖PTS可通过胞外葡萄糖诱导,并且其比活在对数期随培养时间延长而增加。此外,还检测到A10和H3HH对麦芽糖和果糖的依赖ATP和PEP的磷酸化活力。  相似文献   

8.
产气肠杆菌几丁质酶的分离纯化及性质研究   总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13  
从自然罹病死亡的草原毛虫(Gynephorap ruoergnesis)体内分离到一株产气肠杆菌(Enterobacter aerogenes),它在几丁质的诱导下能产生较高活性的几丁质酶。发酵液经硫酸铵盐析、DEAE纤维素柱层析和Sephadex G-100柱层析分离出几丁质酶。用SDSPAGE测得该酶的分子量为425kD。水解几丁质的Km值为2.88mg/mL-1。酶反应的最适温度为55℃,最适pH值为60,金属离子对几丁质酶活性影响较大,其中Zn2+、Ba2+、Ca2+和Mn2+对酶有较强的激活作用,而Hg2+、Co2+和Mg2+则有较强的抑制作用。  相似文献   

9.
将来自钝齿棒杆菌(Corynebacterium crenatum)CD945具有AEC抗性的天冬氨酸激酶(AKfbr)基因克隆到穿梭载体pJC1上,构建重组质粒pLY153。用电击法将质粒pLY153转化到野生型菌株C. crenatum AS1.542及其突变株C. crenatum CD945中。携带AKfbr基因的C. crenatum AS1.542菌株能抗浓度皆为12mg/mL的AEC和苏氨酸。AKfbr基因在C. crenatum CD945中得到表达,天冬氨酸激酶活性提高4倍。摇瓶发酵实验结果表明,重组菌在对数前期和中期生长正常,不受抑制;与对照菌相比,赖氨酸终产量提高22%,赖氨酸生产率提高23%。  相似文献   

10.
西藏地区土壤放线菌种群多样性及拮抗活性研究   总被引:12,自引:3,他引:9  
从西藏不同海拔、不同气候条件的5个地区采集的10份土样中,使用选择分离培养基、ISP 2(Yeast extract_malt extract agar)和高氏一号培养基,通过分散差速离心法(Dispersion and differential centrifugation,DDC)分离得到放线菌156株。根据形态和培养特征将其归入32个类群,并从中选出65个代表菌株进行全细胞壁氨基酸组分分析,结果表明:9株菌为非链霉菌胞壁类型,其余为链霉菌胞壁类型。16S rDNA扩增片段长度多态性(ARDRA)分析得到不同带型,对其序列分析结果表明:分离菌株分属链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和5个稀有放线菌属。同时测试了代表菌株抗耐药细菌和真菌的活性,其中38.5%的菌株具有拮抗活性。  相似文献   

11.
中国东海海洋微生物种群多样性初步研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14  
以东海海洋微生物群落为研究对象,用稀释平板分离法,从海泥和海水中得到542株分离物。随机选取58株发酵培养,将所有发酵菌株的16S rDNA基因扩增,并用限制性内切酶HinfI对PCR产物进行ARDRA(Amplified rDNA restriction analysis)多态性分析,共得到16种不同的操作分类单元(Operational Taxonom ic Un it,OTU)。其中OTU5和OTU7所包含的菌株分别占总分离物的32.7%和19.0%,为优势分离物。优势分离物的ER IC-PCR基因组指纹图分析表明,前者的19株分离物共有12种不同的指纹图类型,而后者的11株分离物有4种。结果显示,东海海域的海水和底泥具有明显的微生物种群多样性特征。  相似文献   

12.
黄瓜青枯病内生拮抗菌株的分离及ARDRA分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
陈敏  方序 《微生物学报》2006,46(6):984-987
在黄瓜生长的不同阶段从根系分离内生细菌共469株。通过青枯菌平板拮抗试验,从中筛选到具明显拮抗作用的菌株59株。将内生拮抗菌纯培养物扩增近全长的16SrDNA并用限制性内切酶AluⅠ对PCR产物进行ARDRA(amplifiedrDNArestrictionanalysis)多态性分析,共得到5种不同的操作分类单元(OperationalTaxonomicUnit,OTU)。其中属于OTU1共有39株分离物,占内生拮抗菌总数的66%,为优势种群。进一步通过ERIC-PCR指纹图的方法在菌株水平上分析OTU1类群。结果表明,OTU1可分为12种不同的菌株,其中菌株HE-1和HE-2在黄瓜生长的5个不同阶段均可分离到。通过标记天然不具有利福平抗性的HE-1和HE-2菌株,获得抗利福平突变体菌株,回收检测结果表明,在栽培的不同时期,黄瓜植株根内均有HE-1和HE-2菌株的定殖。经防病效果的盆栽试验,发现HE-1和HE-2的浸种处理能有效降低黄瓜青枯病的病发率,与对照比较差异显著。因此确定HE-1和HE-2为黄瓜青枯病生物防治的优良菌株。  相似文献   

13.
工业废水中降酚菌的分离及ARDRA多态性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
分别将炼油废水、印染废水、造纸废水样品倍比稀释后涂布平板分离菌株,用苯酚羟化酶基因特异引物检测苯酚降解菌,共分离得到87株降酚菌。经ERIC-PCR指纹图分析,显示15种不同的类型。进一步对显示不同ERIC—PCR指纹图的15种分离物的代表菌株进行ARDRA多态性分析,结果可分为4个OTUs(Operational Taxonomic Unit,OTU),表明实验分离得到的降酚菌至少存在4个不同的种(species)。  相似文献   

14.
The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of and resistance gene content of class 1 integrons among enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and non-EPEC and to investigate intraspecies genetic diversity of EPEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea in Iran. Twenty-eight EPEC and 16 non-EPEC strains isolated from children with diarrhea were tested for the presence of a class 1 integron associated integrase gene (int1). Sequence analysis was performed to identify the resistance gene content of integrons. Genetic diversity and cluster analysis of EPEC isolates were also investigated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic concensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) fingerprinting. Twenty-three (82%) EPEC isolates and 11 (68.7%) non-EPEC isolates harbored the int1 gene specific to the conserved integrase region of class 1 integrons. Sequence analysis revealed the dominance of dfrA and aadA gene cassettes among the isolates of both groups. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting of EPEC isolates revealed a high diversity among these isolates. The widespread distribution of 2 resistance gene families (dfrA and aadA) among both groups of EPEC and non-EPEC isolates indicates the significance of integrons in antibiotic resistance transfer among these bacteria. Furthermore, clonal diversity of EPEC isolates harbouring a class 1 integron also suggests the circulation of these mobile elements among a diverse population of EPEC in this country.  相似文献   

15.
Genetic diversity of indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum population in Croatia was studied by using different PCR-based fingerprinting methods. Characteristic DNA profiles for 20 B. japonicum field isolates and two reference strains were obtained using random primers (RAPD) and two sets of repetitive primers (REP- and ERIC-PCR). In comparison with the REP, the ERIC primer set generates fingerprints of lower complexity, but still several strain-specific bands were detected. Different B. japonicum isolates could be more efficiently distinguished by using combined results from REP- and ERIC-PCR. The most polymorphic bands were observed after amplification with four different RAPD primers. Both methods, RAPD and rep-PCR, resulted in identical grouping of the strains. Cluster analysis, irrespective of the fingerprinting method used, revealed that all the isolates could be divided into three major groups. Within the major groups, the degree of relative similarity between B. japonicum isolates was dependent upon the method used. Our results indicate that both RAPD and rep-PCR fingerprinting can effectively distinguish different B. japonicum strains. RAPD fingerprinting proved to be slightly more discriminatory than rep-PCR.  相似文献   

16.
Fifty-seven proteobacterium species were successfully isolated from soils of Barrientos Island of the Antarctic using 11 different isolation media. Analysis of 16S rDNA sequencing of these isolates showed that they belonged to eight different genera, namely Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, Caulobacter, Paracoccus, Ralstonia, Rhizobium, and Staphylococcus. All isolates were studied for capability of producing antimicrobial and antifungal secondary metabolites using high-throughput screening models. Approximately 23 (13/57) and 2% (1/57) of isolates inhibited growth of Candida albicans ATCC 10231(T) and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 51650(T), respectively. These results indicated that proteobacterium species isolates from Antarctic could serve as potential source of useful bioactive metabolites. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR fingerprinting produced nine clusters and 13 single isolates, with a high D value of 0.9248. RAPD fingerprinting produced six clusters and 13 single isolates, with a relatively low D value of 0.7776. ERIC-PCR analysis proved to have better discrimination capability than RAPD analysis and generated better clustering for all proteobacterium species isolates. We conclude that ERIC-PCR is a robust, reliable and rapid molecular typing method for discriminating different genera of proteobacteria.  相似文献   

17.
Manganese Oxidation by Bacterial Isolates from the Indian Ridge System   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The abundance and activity of culturable manganese-oxidizing bacteria were assessed from near-bottom water samples of the tectonically active Carlsberg Ridge. Retrievable counts as colony forming units (CFU) on dilute nutrient agar medium (dilNA = 2 gm l−1 nutrient broth+2% agar) and on dilNA supplemented with 1, 2 and 3 mM MnCl2·4H2O were in the order of 106 CFU l−1. Retrievability of heterotrophs ranged from non-detectable levels (ND) to 2.82 × 106 CFU l−1. The retrievable counts on Mn amended dilNA ranged from ND to 3.21× 106, 1.47 × 106 and 1.45 × 106 CFU l−1 on 1, 2 and 3 mM, respectively. About 87% of the Mn tolerant isolates (n = 39) showed taxonomic affinities to Pseudomonas I and II sp. Two representative strains CR35 and CR48 (CR–Carlsberg Ridge) isolated on manganese-supplemented media were tested for their ability to tolerate a range of Mn amendments from 1 nM to 100 mM in terms of growth and respiration. CR35 represents 66% of the total CFU (3.04 × 106 CFU l−1), while CR48 represented only 6% of the total CFU (1.05 × 106 CFU l−1). The colonies of these two isolates were dark brown in color suggesting precipitation of Mn as oxide. Tests for the effect on growth and respiration were conducted in media simulating heterotrophic (amended with 0.01% glucose) and lithotrophic (unamended) conditions. Maximum stimulation in growth and respiration of CR35 occurred at 100 μM Mn both in unamended and amended media. At levels of Mn greater than 100 μM the counts decreased steadily. Total respiring cells of CR48 were stimulated to a maximum at 1 μM Mn in unamended medium and 1 nM in amended medium. Total cells counts for the same decreased beyond 100 μM Mn in unamended and 1 nM in amended medium. The isolates were tested for their ability to oxidize Mn ammendments from 1 μM to 10 mM Mn. At the end of a 76-day incubation period, there was evidence of manganese oxide precipitation at high Mn concentrations (≥1 mM) as a dark brown coloration on the sides of culture tubes. Highest Mn oxidation rates were observed at 10 mM Mn(II) concentration with CR35 oxidizing 27 and 25 μM Mn day−1 in unamended and amended condition, respectively. CR48 oxidized Mn at the rate of 26 μM Mn day−1 in unamended medium and 35 μM Mn day−1 in amended medium. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations of both isolates revealed free-living cells in clustered matrices ≈2 μm diameter. Energy dispersive spectrum of the cell matrix of CR35 cultured in 1 mM Mn detected 30% Mn, while the cell aggregates of CR48 harbored 7–10% Mn. The relatively high specific activity of these mixotrophic bacteria under relatively oligotrophic conditions suggests that they may be responsible for scavenging dissolved Mn from the Carlsberg Ridge waters and could potentially participate in oxidation.  相似文献   

18.
The main purpose of this work was to study the microbiology of the Hungarian Upper Permian Siltstone (Aleurolite) Formation, to assess the safety of future underground repositories for nuclear waste. Sixty-seven air, groundwater, technical water, rock, and surface samples were collected aseptically from different depths. The number of aerobic and anaerobic isolates was 277. The mesophilic minimum and maximum CFU counts of the air samples were 1.07-5.84 x 10(2).mL-1 (aerobic) and 0.22-1.04 x 10(2).mL-1 (anaerobic), respectively; those of the water samples were 0.39-1.25 x 10(5).mL-1 (aerobic) and 0.36-3.9 x 10(3).mL-1 (anaerobic); those of the technical water samples were 0.27-5.03 x 10(6).mL-1 (aerobic) and 4 x 10(5)-->10(6).mL-1 (anaerobic); and those of the aleurolite samples were 2.32 x 10(2)-2.47 x 10(5).g-1 (aerobic) and 0.45-9.5 x 10(2).g-1 (anaerobic). In the groundwater, the thermophilic aerobic bacteria count was 0-2.4 x 10(2).mL-1 and the thermophilic anaerobic bacteria count was 0.43-4.6 x 10(4).mL-1. The gases produced by the 16 gas-forming isolates were CO2 (aerobic isolates), and CO2 and H2 (anaerobic isolates). About 20% of the aerobic isolates produced siderophores. The proportions of organic acid producers were lowest in aerobic and anaerobic isolates from the aleurolite, 13% and 14%, respectively. The highest proportions of acid producers in the aerobic and anaerobic isolates from the air samples were 63% and 54%. Altogether 160 of the aerobic isolates and 52 of the anaerobic isolates were spore formers. The radiosensitivity of the aerobic isolates was also determined; the D10 values of the sporeformers ranged between 0.8-2.44 kGy. Our results indicate that the sulfate-reducing bacteria and the production of complexing agents (siderophores) may contribute to the mobilization of radionuclides from underground repositories. As well, microbial gas production can influence the environmental conditions. The variability in bacterial radiotolerance indicates the biodiversity at this potential disposal site. These facts must be considered during the planning of a nuclear waste repository.  相似文献   

19.
室内潮湿环境固体表面很容易形成细菌生物膜,这些生物膜生长在不易清除或不被人注意的固体表面,研究这一类生物膜中的细菌类群可以了解其中是否滋生着对人体健康有威胁性的致病菌或条件致病菌。选择某公共浴室内塑料表面生长的生物膜作为分离培养对象,同时使用实验室最常用的LB培养基及其10倍稀释培养基(LB/10)作为分离培养基。结果表明在LB培养基上生长的细菌类群相对单一,并且有单一类群占优势或抑制其他类群生长的现象;而在LB/10培养基上生长的细菌具有更丰富的多样性,并且各类菌的数量分布较均匀,没有出现LB培养基中一种细菌占绝对生长优势的现象。对LB/10上生长的8个菌株的16SrDNA片段序列进行测定和系统发育分析,发现与所分离的细菌系统发育相近的包括多株人体临床分离的病原菌以及未培养细菌(Uncultured bacterium)。  相似文献   

20.
Genetic diversity of indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum population in Croatia was studied by using different PCR-based fingerprinting methods. Characteristic DNA profiles for 20 B. japonicum field isolates and two reference strains were obtained using random primers (RAPD) and two sets of repetitive primers (REP- and ERIC-PCR). In comparison with the REP, the ERIC primer set generates fingerprints of lower complexity, but still several strain-specific bands were detected. Different B. japonicum isolates could be more efficiently distinguished by using combined results from REP- and ERIC-PCR. The most polymorphic bands were observed after amplification with four different RAPD primers. Both methods, RAPD and rep-PCR, resulted in identical grouping of the strains. Cluster analysis, irrespective of the fingerprinting method used, revealed that all the isolates could be divided into three major groups. Within the major groups, the degree of relative similarity between B. japonicum isolates was dependent upon the method used. Our results indicate that both RAPD and rep-PCR fingerprinting can effectively distinguish different B. japonicum strains. RAPD fingerprinting proved to be slightly more discriminatory than rep-PCR.  相似文献   

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