湘西北地区寒武纪黔东世掘头虫类三叶虫Duyunaspis及其种内变异

湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州花垣县排吾乡附近寒武系黔东统杷榔组中产有丰富的Duyunaspis材料。通过对Duyunaspis duyunensis种内形态变化的观察,认为该种存在较大的种内变异(如头鞍形状、鞍沟中部是否完全相连、胸节数目和尾后缘是否具缺刻等),同时表明以往描记的Duyunaspis songtaoensis,D.guzhangensis,D.briaris和D.laevigatus 4个种,都是根据种内变异或保存差异建立的,应是模式种D.duyunensis的晚出异名。此外,Duyunaspis的新材料还包括一个产于湘西北的新种Duyunaspis paiwuensis sp.nov.。     

贵州八郎寒武系“清虚洞组”三叶虫Nangaops danzhaiensis Zhou in Lu et al., 1974的蜕壳研究

产于贵州剑河县八郎松山剖面“清虚洞组”的褶颊虫类三叶虫丹寨南皋盾甲虫Nangaops danzhaiensis (Zhou in Lu et al., 1974)化石标本共36块, 通过对化石的详细观察将其保存状态分为3种: 32块为完整保存的状态, 身体各部分没有发生移位; 3块标本头部均没有活动颊保存; 1块标本头部没有活动颊保存, 第4–11节的胸节左右位置出现活动颊, 与胸节重叠, 于背甲之下。活动颊的颊刺朝向头盖方向, 明显经过180°的翻转。根据化石保存状态判断后4块为蜕壳标本, 推测蜕壳过程如下: 面线开裂, 海水进入体内, 活动颊和腹边缘板向下翻转, 新虫体爬出, 留下老壳。三叶虫蜕壳是原地埋藏的证明, 本文描述的Nangaops danzhaiensis 的蜕壳现象, 为剑河生物群是原地埋藏为主提供了新证据。     

贵州剑河八郎寒武系甲劳组三叶虫的研究

近期在贵州剑河八郎地区寒武系甲劳组发现了具软躯体的多门类化石,其中三叶虫最为丰富,计有6属7种,包括Fuchouia(Parafuchouia)transversa Lu et Qian in Zhang et al.,1980,Fuchouia(Parafuchouia)limbata Zhou in Lu et al.,1974a,Oryctocephalus sp.,Kooteniasp.及Jialaopsis latus Chien et Zhou in Lu et al.,1974a,Solenopleurinacf.xingrenensis Zhou(Chow)in Lu et al.,1974b和Probowmania(?)sp.,分属耸棒头虫目和褶颊虫目,以耸棒头虫目Fuchouia(Parafuchouia)为主。Oryctocephalus和Probowmania在寒武系甲劳组尚属首次报道,Probowmania在剑河八郎甲劳组中的报道是目前该属在贵州地区的最高层位。同时也确认了黔东南地区甲劳组的Fuchouia(Parafuchouia)三叶虫带为该地区寒武系最高三叶虫带,为国内外寒武系三叶虫同期地层划分及对比提供了材料。研究不仅丰富了丹寨-剑河寒武系甲劳组三叶虫组合,而且为研究Probowmania和Oryctocephalus的演化起到重要作用。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义北大核心CSCD

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

贵州黔东世(早寒武世)杷榔组Changaspis Lee in Chien,1961的再研究

掘头虫类三叶虫张氏虫ChangaspisLee in Chien,1961是黔东、湘西广泛分布的杷榔组中常见的化石。本属化石建立7个种,具有较高的多样性。近年在贵州东部地区的杷榔组采集到此属化石的大量标本,特别是在剑河交榜村的杷榔组发现了Changaspis丰富的化石,提供了分类学再研究的重要材料。据新的化石标本的详细鉴定、个体发育观测及数理统计数据的对比、化石埋藏状态的研究,Changaspis已描述的7个种是过高估计,原属C.micropygeChien,1961,C.elongataLee in Chien,1961,C.placentaQian et Lin in Zhanget al.,1980,C.longispina(Lee,in Egorovaet al.,1963),C.nangaoensisLu et Chien in Yin and Lee,1978,C.?transversaZhou in Zhouet al.,1977和C.taihuensisZhang et Zhou,1985之间形态差异并不明显。C.micropyge,C.placenta应为C.elongata的晚出同义名,而C.longispina,C.nangaoensis,C.taihuensis和C.transversa建种时化石标本少,保存不好,应是C.elongata晚出同义名。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

寒武纪似节头虫Arthricocephalites及其地层意义北大核心CSCD

Arthricocephalites Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974产于湖南西部至贵州东部寒武系第2统杷榔组中,最早作为Arthricocephalus(Arthricocephalites)Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974亚属,据文献记载,该亚属具有极高的种级多样性,但其种级分类一直存在着争议,导致杷榔组生物地层划分亦不稳定。随着全球寒武系内部再划分与对比研究工作的深入进行,位于寒武系第2统第4阶的杷榔组三叶虫组合及其地层意义显得尤为重要。本文针对近年来野外工作中在杷榔组多个剖面采集到的该亚属大量的化石标本,包括个体发育的系列标本进行整理、详细鉴定后,赞同亚属升级为似节头虫属Arthricocephalites,并确认该属并没有先前认为的具极高的种级多样性,超过了10个种,现厘定为1属2种,即模式种Arthricocephalites xinzhaiheensis Chien et Lin in Lu et al.,1974和Arthricocephalites intermedius Zhou in Lu et al.,1974。这两个种常见于湖南西部和贵州东部的杷榔组。Ar.intermedius(=Ar.jishouensis)也出现在北美格陵兰的Henson Glatsche组下部,具有较广的地理分布,是寒武系第4阶地层对比的重要化石。     

贵州松桃黄莲寒武系都匀阶杷榔组三叶虫地层划分及意义

贵州松桃县黄莲村西的黄莲剖面杷榔组厚417.8m,主要由深灰色钙质泥岩组成,岩性与湘西、黔东杷榔组基本相似,除底部38m未见三叶虫外,以上均含有三叶虫,由下而上可分为2个三叶虫带,下为Oryctocarella duyunensis带(38-83m),化石较少;上为Oryctocarella duyunensis-Arthricocephlus chauveaui组合带(83 m以上)。除Arthricocephlus chauveaui外,还含有A.xinzhaiheensis,Oryctocarella duyunensis,O.sibirica?,O.balangensis,Duyunaspis duyunensis,Changaspis elongata及Redlichia (Pteroredlichia)murakamii。与剑河交榜潜在的寒武系第四阶国际层型剖面下部2个三叶虫带Oryctocarella duyunensis-Arthricocephlus chauveaui组合带及Oryctocarella duyunensis带完全相同,也可和格陵兰北部Freachen land及Peary land等地Henson Gletscher组对比。黄莲剖面是潜在的寒武系第四阶国际层型剖面剑河交榜杷榔组剖面的良好辅助剖面。     

贵州剑河寒武纪杷榔动物群中的海绵化石组合

贵州寒武纪杷榔动物群的海绵动物是近年在剑河辣子寨村发现的新类群。辣子寨剖面的海绵动物组合多样性高,化石保存好。经鉴定有普通海绵纲细丝海绵科的Leptomitus tereticusculus Chen et al.,1989,Leptomitus cf.L.conicus García-Bellido et al.,2007和Paraleptomitellasp.,斗篷海绵科的Choiaellacf.C.ovataZhao and Yang in Yang et al.,2003和Choiasp.;六射海绵纲的Saetaspongiasp.,计有5属6种和一些属种待定的海绵化石。剑河辣子寨村杷榔组海绵类群的发现丰富了杷榔动物群的组成面貌,扩展了寒武纪第四期海绵动物的古地理分布区,增加了寒武纪第四期海绵动物分异演化的信息,为海绵动物分类学、古生态学和埋藏学研究提供了新材料。     

贵州剑河八郎“清虚洞组”Protoryctocephalus Chow(Zhou) in Lu et al.,1974b的初步研究

三叶虫掘头虫科古掘头虫属Protoryctocephalus Chow(Zhou)in Lu et al.,1974b由周志毅根据贵州丹寨南皋寒武系乌训组的标本命名,至今共有4个种:Protoryctocephalus wuxunensis,P.balangensis,P.elongatus,P.arcticus。贵州剑河八郎"清虚洞组"产其中的2个种:P.elongatus及P.arcticus。P.elongatus首现于"清虚洞组"上部,上延至凯里组下部;P.arcticus命名于格陵兰北部Peary Land的Henson Gletscher组中部,位于寒武系第5阶首现分子Oryctocephalus indicus层位之下,为格陵兰北部Peary Land的Henson Gletscher组与凯里组下部及"清虚洞组"上部的地层对比提供了化石依据,有助于寒武系第5阶地层对比。八郎"清虚洞组"P.elongatus及P.arcticus的发现具有演化及国际地层对比意义。     

贵州早、中寒武世斗篷海绵科(Choiidae)的发现

本文描述了贵州遵义下寒武统牛蹄塘组生物群和台江中寒武世凯里生物群中保存完整的斗篷海绵科(Choiidae)中斗篷海绵(Choia)和小斗篷海绵(Choiaella)化石标本,共计2属2种2未定种：Choia zunyiensis sp.nov.,Choia sp.,Choiaella avata sp.nov.和Choiaella sp.。Choia分布很广．在我国下寒武统澄江生物群及北美中寒武统的四大生物群中均有产出。Choiaella原仅产于我国澄江生物群,凯里生物群中Choiaella的发现使其时代上延至中寒武世。贵州早、中寒武世斗篷海绵科的发现及研究为海绵动物的早期演化及古地理学等方面的研究提供了重要的新材料。     

First report of Schizopholis (Lingulata,Brachiopoda) from the Tsinghsutung Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) in Guizhou,China

Schizopholis Waagen, 1885 is a genus of linguliform brachiopod, which is known from Cambrian Stage 4 to the Wuliuan Stage of Australia, Antarctica, Pakistan and China. Recently, new material of Schizopholis was discovered from the upper part of the Tsinghsutung Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) near Balang village, Jianhe County, Guizhou Province, China. These specimens display the oval pedicle opening in the ventral valve, a median tongue and a pair of tubercles in the dorsal valve that are characteristic features of Schizopholis napuru (Kruse, 1990). This is the first time that this species has been described from Guizhou Province, China. Previously, fossils of this species are usually preserved in carbonate deposits, but the new material documented herein preserved in mudstone of the Tsinghsutung Formation, providing new information regarding both the paleogeographic distribution and paleoecology of this species.     

论晚寒武世原太子河虫（Prpotaitzehoia Yang） 的分类位置

据贵州东部万山镇南部寄马冲至羊尾剖面晚寒武世早期车夫组三叶虫的新材料,对原太子河虫属（Protaitazuhoia Yang,1978)进行了修订。根据其尾部的特征,将其分类位置由原先的德氏虫科（Damesellidae Kobayashi,1935）移至鄂尔多斯虫科（Ordosiidae Lu,1954)。此外,还描述了原太子河虫2新种1新亚种：Protaitze-hoia latelimbata sp.nov.,Protaitzehoia nitida sp.nov.,Protaitzehoia quadrata jimachongensis subsp.nov。     

湘西晚寒武世多节类三叶虫新种及Erixanium属首次发现

文中描记 3个多节类三叶虫新种 :Hardyoidesdamaensissp .nov .,Meringaspisdamaensissp .nov .,andRhyssometopus (Rostrifinis)nitidussp .nov .,均产自湘西凤凰花桥组中部。同时描记首次在江南斜坡带中发现的Erixanium一属的保留命名种Erixaniumcf.E .sentum。Erixanium是全球性分布的多节类三叶虫 。     

云南澄江早寒武世地层并论中国的Parabadiella,摩洛哥的Abadiella及澳大利亚的Abadiella huoi

根据近来的发现,区域地层的阐明及生物在寒武系界线上下的变化,澄江早寒武世地层划分作了修订。早寒武世岩石地层名称的更换,年代地层及生物地层单位的分带这里作了简述.目前的岩石地层单位从上到上是渔户村组（梅树阶）,黑林铺组（筇竹寺阶）,红井哨组、乌龙箐组（沧浪铺阶）及山邑村组（龙王庙阶）。此层序可分为2个亚带。所有的组合带在中国西南地台区都有存在,但两个亚带在澄江是区域性的。云南东部震旦系与寒武系的界线暂时置于渔户村且小歪头山段的底界,位于小壳化石最早出现的下部。中国的Parabadiella,摩洛哥的Abadiella及澳大利亚的Abadiella huoi这里重新作了研究。Parabadiella及Abadiella是两个不同的属。模式标本的图片在这里再次刊出。澳大利亚的Abadiella huoi一种应是Wutingaspis的一个新种（Wutingaspis jelli Chang sp.nov)。Opik(1975）的Dolerolenus(?)sp.nov.一种应归属Parabadiella huoi一种。Parabadiella是中国也是澳大利亚寒武系最古老的三叶虫。澳大利亚的Wutingaspis jelli的层位与摩洛哥Abadiella的层位相当,可与中国的Wutingaspis-Eoredichia带的上部对比。     

ONTOGENY AND HETEROCHRONY IN THE EARLY CAMBRIAN ORYCTOCEPHALID TRILOBITES CHANGASPIS, DUYUNASPIS AND BALANGIA FROM CHINA

Abstract:  Ontogenies are described for the first time for three species of Early Cambrian oryctocephalid trilobites: the oryctocephaline Changaspis elongata Lee, in Chien and the oryctocarines Duyunaspis duyunensis Chang and Chien, in Zhou et al . and Balangia balangensis Chien from the Balang Formation in eastern Ghuizhou Province, south-west China. The complete protaspid to holaspid ontogeny for Duyunaspis duyunensis and incomplete meraspid to holaspid ontogenies for Changaspis elongata and Balangia balangensis are described. The relative degree of ontogenetic variation within the lineage Duyunaspis duyunensis – Balangia balangensis is analysed and indicates that Balangia may have evolved from Duyunaspis by paedomorphosis. Decrease in thoracic segment number and concomitant increase in pygidial segment number in the later genus mirrors the pattern seen in the evolution of another oryctocephalid genus, Arthricocephalus . In both cases, selection was probably targeting an increase in cephalic convexity. This resulted in the evolution of a larger pygidium due to increased elevation of the axis above the substrate. The ontogenetic development of Changaspis provides evidence supporting the view that the Oryctocarinae may be considered as paedomorphic descendants of the Oryctocephalinae.     

Organic-walled microfossils from Cambrian Stage IV in the Jiaobang section,eastern Guizhou,China

The lower Cambrian succession in the Jiaobang section, Jianhe County, eastern Guizhou, China, includes, in ascending order, the Bianmachong, Balang, and Tsinghsutung formations, with a total thickness of about 645 m. Twenty-six morphological genera (including one new genus) are identified from the Balang and the underlying Bianmachong formations, many of which are common and widely distributed. Six acritarch assemblages are discerned in the Balang Formation. They are, in ascending order, the Adara alea‒Skiagia ornata, the Acrum radiale‒Pterospermella velata, the Comasphaeridium molliculum‒Solisphaeridium baltoscandium, the Corrugasphaera perfecta n. sp.‒Pterospermella vinctusa n. sp., the Acrum novum‒Heliosphaeridium oligum, and the Acrum membranosum‒Adarve diafanum acritarch assemblages. An obvious change of organic-walled microfossil assemblages occurred in the interval between 84 m and 98 m from the bottom of the Balang Formation which roughly corresponds to the boundary between the Oryctacarella duyunensis trilobite Zone and the overlying Arthricocephalus chauveaui trilobite Zone. In addition, organic-walled microfossils are scarce in about 24 m thick from the bottom of the Balang Formation. One new genus and five new species including Plagasphaera balangensis n. gen. n. sp., Asteridium tubulus n. sp., Cymatiosphaera spina n. sp., Corrugasphaera perfecta n. sp., and Pterospermella vinctusa n. sp. are described.     

A new oryctocephalid trilobite from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) of northwestern Hunan,South China,with remarks on the classification of oryctocephalids

A new trilobite, Longaspis paiwuensis n. gen. n. sp., from the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4) in northwestern Hunan, South China, is described. This rare trilobite adds to an expanding taxonomic list of organisms recognized from the Balang Lagerstätte, a deposit of exceptional preservation from the Cambrian. Longaspis paiwuensis is an unusually large-sized, micropygous oryctocephalid trilobite that has proparian facial sutures, pit-like lateral glabellar furrows, up to 17 thoracic segments, and a distinct medial notch in the pygidium; it lacks marginal spines.The classification of the family Oryctocephalidae is reviewed. Three subfamilies are recognized, and Longaspis n. gen. is assigned to the subfamily Oryctocarinae.     

河南叶县下寒武统辛集组单板类和腹足类化石的研究

本文描述和讨论了河南叶县杨寺庄下寒武统辛集组单板类１３种,腹足类２种,未定类１种。其中包括２新属６新种：Ｒｅｐｅｎｏｃｏｎｕｓ ｘｉｎｊｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｇｅｎ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｓｃｅｎｅｌｌａ ｐｙｃｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｓｅｃｕｒｉｃｏｎｕｓ ｖｕｌｇａｒｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｏｂｔｕｓｏｃｎｕｓ ｇｒｏｓｓｉｃｏｓｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｉｇｏｒｅｌｌｉｎａ ｐｒｏｂｏｓｃｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,Ｇａｌ     

A new family of inarticulate brachiopods from the Lower Cambrian of northwestern Mongolia

A new genus of calcareous-shelled brachiopods, Egyngolella, with E. lenae sp. nov. selected as the type species, is described from the upper part of the Egiin Gol Formation, Atdabanian Stage, Lower Cambrian of northwestern Mongolia and is assigned to a new family that is tentatively placed in the order Obolellida. E. lenae sp. nov. is characterized by an unusual combination of features typical for different, sometimes widely divergent brachiopod lineages.