基于能值分析的我国小水电生态影响研究

如何系统定量地评价小水电开发过程所引起的景观变化、河流局部断流等生态影响,是平息争议、进行合理规划与开发小水电前提之一。运用能值分析方法,以贵州省赤水市观音岩水电站为例,将小水电建设、运行的资源投入,以及河道中水流的时空改变所导致生态服务功能的损失纳入核算体系,对其生态影响进行综合定量评估。从2010年的实际结果来看,由于河流断流,导致水坝下游生态系统服务功能的能值损失为2.77×1018sej,占到了系统建设运行总投入的44.84%,其中重点保护鱼种在影响河段的生境破坏是最大的能值损失。若不考虑下游生态系统服务功能损失,系统的环境负载率为1.92,可持续性指标为1.22;而考虑下游生态影响之后,系统环境负载率增大至4.26,可持续性指标减小为0.34。研究表明,小水电的开发必须遵循适度开发、规划优先,保障河流最基本的生态需水底线,是协调小水电开发和河流健康矛盾、追求小水电持续发展的刚性要求。     

珠江三角洲水生态调节功能分析及其价值评价

随着经济的飞速发展和人口的急剧增长, 由于珠江三角洲水资源过度开发, 导致水生态系统功能下降。在对水生态系统服务功能分类的基础上, 提出了珠江三角洲水生态系统调节功能主要包括水文调节(洪水调蓄)、河流输沙、土壤保持、水质净化、水资源积蓄与调节、生物栖息地功能, 应用替代工程法、替代花费法、机会成本法等, 结合数据的可获得性, 对珠江三角洲水生态调节功能进行评价。评价结果表明, 珠江三角洲水生态系统调节功能总价值为 179.07 亿元, 各种功能的价值量排序为水资源积蓄与调节>水质净化功能>生物栖息地功能>河流输沙功能>水文调节(洪水调蓄)>土壤保持功能, 经进一步分析其核心功能是水资源积蓄与调节功能, 因此, 在河流管理中既要考虑发挥其核心功能, 又要保证其他功能的支持作用得以实现。     

基于河流生境调查的东河河流生境评价

河流生境是河流生态系统的重要组成部分,是河流生物赖以生存的基础。以位于三峡库区腹心区域的典型山区河流东河为研究对象,采用河流生境调查(RHS)方法调查河流生境,选择河流生境质量评价指数(HQA)、河流生境退化指数(HMS)评估河流生境现状,分析生境质量和人为干扰的空间分布规律。结果表明,51个河段的HQA值介于24—66之间。29.4%河段的HQA为优,29.4%为良,23.5%为中,9.8%为较差,7.8%为差。从HMS看,7.8%的河段保持较自然状态,19.6%受到轻微的破坏,41.2%退化明显,27.5%退化严重,3.9%受到剧烈破坏。HQA与HMS存在显著的负相关关系。东河上、中、下游河段的HQA无明显差异,但HMS差异显著。从干扰来源看,东河上游和中游河流生境主要受引水式小水电、沿河公路、河道采砂影响。东河下游河流生境受高强度的土地开发(农业用地、建设用地),河道采砂,河堤、排污管、桥梁等水工构筑物的修建和三峡水库水位的波动影响。RHS评价结果能较直观地反映河流生境状况,以及导致河流生境质量衰退的原因。     

河流生态系统服务功能及水坝对其影响

河流生态系统服务功能是指河流生态系统与河流生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,包括河流生态系统产品与河流生态系统服务两个方面。文中分析了河流生态系统的15项服务功能,其中包括供水、水产品生产、内陆航运、水力发电、休闲娱乐和文化美学等6项河流生态系统产品与调蓄洪水、河流输送、蓄积水分、土壤持留、净化环境、固定CO2、养分循环、提供生境和维持生物多样性等9项河流生态系统服务;同时又分析了修建水坝对这此服务功能的影响。研究表明,使河流生态系统服务功能得到正常发挥,是水坝建设决策中应考虑的必要因素。     

水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响评价方法初探

通过分析水利工程对河流生态系统服务功能的影响,建立了评价指标体系和定量化的评价方法．评价指标体系包括建立评价指标的原则、对河流生态系统服务功能的分类和指标确定等．本文将河流生态系统的服务功能分为四类即供水及与供水量相关的航运和水电功能、生态支持功能、调节控制功能和文化美学功能．依据不同的功能类型,应用以前的研究成果,针对水利工程产生的生态效应如生物多样性的变化和河流净化功能的变化,确定了不同的调度指标,并建立了相应的数量化评价方法,主要包括指效法和BOD-DO模型方法,这些方法特有助于对水利工程的生态环境效应进行深入的分析与评价。     

水电开发对河岸植被影响研究进展

河岸植被是河流生态系统的重要组成部分, 在维持河流生态系统完整性和河岸生物多样性保护方面具有重要作用。目前, 水电开发影响下河岸植被的物种组成、多样性、种间关联等几方面日益受到关注, 是河流生态学研究中的重要热点。文章阐述了水电开发后河流水文、河岸生境、繁殖体扩散、外来物种入侵等影响下河岸植被的响应机制。探讨了河岸植被与生态环境的相关性, 提出了今后河岸植被与水电开发相互作用机制, 及水电开发的正负生态效应综合影响研究。     

干旱半干旱地区河流健康评价指标研究分析

干旱半干旱地区是生态系统和水资源系统最脆弱的地区之一, 也是降水变率最大的地区, 对这一地区河流健康的研究, 可为生态系统的管理与恢复等提供非常有价值的见解。因此, 确定影响干旱半干旱地区流域健康的主要因素、制定可快速监测与检测其健康状况的生态指标, 并对其发展趋势进行诊断与预测, 随时采取可行的干预措施是至关重要的。以河流健康的定义与评价内涵、评价指标研究态势为根本, 在分析干旱半干旱地区河流的生态系统特征、河流关键生态环境机理及表现、社会-生态-文化系统长期相互影响的基础上, 从水资源、植被、物理化学特性、社会经济等方面出发, 提出了适用于干旱半干旱地区河流健康评价的关键控制性指标。     

香溪河库湾春季水华期间悬浮颗粒物粒度动态的初步研究

水体中的悬浮颗粒物是物质在水环境中迁移转化的载体和蓄积库,是营养成分在水相、沉积物相和食物链中循环的重要载体,是河流生态系统物质循环和能量流动的重要组成部分[1—3],很多学者研究了悬浮物的组成、结构和粒度之间的关系,发现其粒度特征对于了解生态系统内部物质和能量循环转化过程具有重要意义[4,5]。三峡水库蓄水后,香溪河下游部分河段成为库区的一部分,相对于河流来说,流速的减小使更多的悬浮颗粒物发生沉降,营养物质富集,易暴发水华[6]。本研究在三峡水库香溪河库湾水华暴发过程中对不同水深的悬浮颗粒物在24h内的动态分布特征进…     

草地生态系统服务功能分析及其评价指标体系

草地生态系统服务功能是指草地生态系统及其生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用。根据最新的研究成果 ,结合草地生态系统提供服务的机制 ,将草地生态系统的服务功能划分为产品提供、调节功能、文化功能和支持功能四大类 ,其中 ,产品提供功能可分为畜牧业产品和植物资源产品两类 ,调节功能则包括气候调节、土壤C累积、水资源调节、侵蚀控制、空气质量调节、废弃物降解、营养物质循环 ;文化功能主要包括民族文化多样性和休闲旅游 ;支持功能则包括固沙改土及培肥地力和生境提供。在上述服务功能机制分析的基础上 ,构建了由 13个功能指标组成的草地生态系统服务功能评价指标体系。     

河流生态学研究中的几个热点问题

近年来河流生态系统成为湖沼学研究的重点,很多新理论、新方法被应用到研究中．文章综述了国内外的相关研究,并着重从河流连续、河流的生态需水量、河流生态系统的服务价值与健康评价、河流的生态系统管理以及流域生态学等几个热点方向作了详细论述．作者认为,今后河流生态学的研究应在流域尺度上展开,结合河流健康及生态系统服务评价进行河流生态系统可持续管理研究将是近期河流生态学的重点问题之一．鉴于我国的实际情况,作者建议应该尽快开展相关领域的研究．     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.