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1.
齐口裂腹鱼在低照度下的趋光行为   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以野生亚成体齐口裂腹鱼为实验对象,进行了光色选择实验和趋光性实验,旨在找到异齿裂腹鱼的偏好光色和光强。实验变量设置5种光色(红、黄、蓝、绿和黑暗)及3种流速工况(0、0.15和0.30 m·s-1)。在光色选择实验中,研究了齐口裂腹鱼在静水、光强照度为10 lx下不同光环境下的偏好行为。结果表明:齐口裂腹鱼对5种光色的喜好顺序为绿色蓝色黑色红色黄色,且在绿光和蓝光区域中的分布率和选择指数显著大于红光和黄光区域(P0.05)。在趋光性实验中,研究了光源光照强度均为20 lx,不同水流流速(0、0.15和0.30 m·s-1)时齐口裂腹鱼的趋光性,发现:无论在静水还是动水工况下,齐口裂腹鱼均对蓝光和绿光表现为正趋光性,对红光和黄光表现为负趋光性;齐口裂腹鱼属弱趋光性鱼类,且其趋光性不随水流的增大而增大,趋光阈值为1.40~2.65 lx。依据实验结果,我们建议在工程中采用光强照度为20 lx的绿光进行诱集齐口裂腹鱼。  相似文献   

2.
修建补水设施是提高鱼道过鱼效果的有效措施之一,不同补水形式如何改变鱼的游泳行为策略从而吸引其进入鱼道进口是国内外关注热点。本研究基于鱼道进口概化模型,以齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)为研究对象,采用进口内部侧面补水、旁道补水和旁道顶部补水3种形式,探究不同流量和补水距离下补水方式对鱼道进口附近处目标鱼上溯行为的影响。结果表明:与没有补水的工况相比,补水距离为1 m的旁道补水和补水距离为0.65 m的旁道顶部补水,鱼类在鱼道进口通过次数显著提升(P0.05)。通过提取目标鱼成功上溯路径上对应的水流速度场和紊动场发现,齐口裂腹鱼上溯偏好流速0.6~0.8m·s~(-1),优先选择低紊动区(0.01 m~2·s~(-2)),且明显逃离高紊动区(0.04 m~2·s~(-2))进行上溯。本研究验证了紊动能和流速是影响鱼类上溯的重要水力因子,为鱼道进口补水设计及其优化提供了重要参考。  相似文献   

3.
流速对细鳞裂腹鱼游泳行为及能量消耗影响的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过自制密封的鱼类游泳实验装置,研究了流速对细鳞裂腹鱼游泳行为和能量消耗的影响。结果显示,细鳞裂腹鱼的摆尾频率随游泳速度的变化有明显的变化规律,摆尾频率随着流速的增加而显著性的增加,而摆尾幅度有减小趋势,差异性不显著。结果还表明,(26±1)℃时,(10.60±0.54)cm细鳞裂腹鱼的相对临界游泳速度为(11.5±0.5)BL/s,绝对临界游泳速度为(110.28±2.02)cm/s。测定的相对临界流速较其他的鲤科鱼大,是对生存水流环境(流速0.5—1.5m/s)适应性的表现。这一结果表明鱼类的游泳能力是能够训练的。运动代谢率与相对流速的关系为,AMR=93.08e(0.307v)+314.33,R2=0.994;单位距离能耗与流速的指数关系为COT=28e(1.03V)+6.05,R2=0.998。流速达到8 BL/s时,裂腹鱼耗氧率开始下降,从流速7 BL/s时,(1245.57±90.97)mg O2/(kg.h)最大,下降到(978.78±189.38)mg O2/(kg.h)。1—7 BL/s流速范围内,裂腹鱼单位时间内的耗氧率随着游泳速度的增加而增加,而且随着游泳速度的增加,单位距离能耗(COT)逐渐减少,最小能耗在6倍体长流速,0.68 m/s时,为(6.00±1.57)J/(kg.m),其能量利用效率最大。  相似文献   

4.
野生和养殖裂腹鱼血液学指标的比较研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
对齐口裂腹鱼和重口裂腹鱼的野生和养殖个体血液学指标进行了比较研究.结果显示:重口裂腹鱼野生组的红细胞长径和短径、红细胞核长径和短径、嗜中性粒细胞长径和短径、淋巴细胞长径和短径、总蛋白和甘油三酯与齐口裂腹鱼野生组相应指标差异显著;齐口裂腹鱼野生组的嗜中性粒细胞长径、嗜中性粒细胞短径、淋巴细胞长径、淋巴细胞短径和淋巴细胞核长径显著大于养殖组;重口裂腹鱼野生组的红细胞短径明显小于养殖组重口裂腹鱼;齐口裂腹鱼野生组血液中TP、GLU和TG显著低于齐口裂腹鱼养殖组;重口裂腹鱼野生组TG、T-CHO与养殖组重口裂腹鱼差异显著.这些差异说明齐口裂腹鱼和重口裂腹鱼在生理适应方面存在差异,养殖活动对它们的生理状况有一定的影响.  相似文献   

5.
基于雅砻江两种裂腹鱼游泳能力的鱼道设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为探究雅砻江两种裂腹鱼的游泳能力,给过鱼设施设计和鱼类游泳行为学研究提供基础参数,本研究采用递增流速法对长丝裂腹鱼、齐口裂腹鱼的感应流速、临界游泳速度、突进游泳速度进行测试,采用固定流速法对长丝裂腹鱼的耐久游泳速度进行测试。结果表明: 长丝裂腹鱼与齐口裂腹鱼的感应流速随着体长的增加均出现了先增加后平稳的趋势,但最大感应流速均小于0.2 m·s-1;长丝裂腹鱼的临界游泳速度与突进游泳速度分别为(0.81±0.20)和(1.49±0.26) m·s-1,相对临界游泳速度为(4.90±1.73) BL·s-1,相对突进游泳速度为(9.77±1.72) BL·s-1(BL为体长);齐口裂腹鱼的临界游泳速度与突进游泳速度分别为(0.73±0.24)和(1.17±0.39) m·s-1,相对临界游泳速度为(6.88±2.82) BL·s-1,相对突进游泳速度为(11.75±2.77) BL·s-1。耐久测试发现,随着流速增加(0.7~1.5) m·s-1,长丝裂腹鱼持续游泳时间与水流速度呈负相关,疲劳时间(T)与水流速度(V)的关系可以拟合为lgT=-2.52V+5.59,预测鱼道长度(d)与鱼道内可通过的最大平均水流速度(Vfmax)的关系式为Vf max=-0.17lnd+1.74。根据试验结果,当以长丝裂腹鱼和齐口裂腹鱼为主要过鱼对象时,建议鱼道内最小水流速度应大于0.2 m·s-1,进口及竖缝处水流速度为0.73~1.67 m·s-1,休息池主流水流速度为0.2~0.7 m·s-1。  相似文献   

6.
基于mtDNA Cyt b序列分析齐口裂腹鱼群体遗传多样性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
研究测定了长江上游4个齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)野生群体(重庆巫溪、重庆城口、四川雅安、四川阿坝)共104个个体的线粒体Cyt b基因部分序列, 以探讨齐口裂腹鱼野生群体的遗传多样性和遗传结构。结果表明: 在104个个体Cyt b序列中共检测到43个多态性位点, 25个单倍型。4个齐口裂腹鱼群体的单倍型多样性介于0.704—0.884, 核苷酸多样性介于0.007—0.012。群体间Kimura双参数遗传距离介于0.008—0.017, 其中四川雅安群体与四川阿坝群体间遗传距离最近, 基因交流频繁。重庆城口群体与四川雅安群体间遗传距离最远, 基因交流受阻。AMOVA分析表明, 齐口裂腹鱼的遗传分化主要来自群体内部, 且组群间、组群内群体间和群体内存在显著的遗传分化。中性检验得到Tajima’s D和 Fu’s Fs的值不显著, 且歧点分布图呈多峰, 表明长江上游4个齐口裂腹鱼野生群体未经历过种群扩张。研究旨为齐口裂腹鱼野生资源保护提供必要参考意见, 同时为齐口裂腹鱼种质资源合理开发和利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   

7.
齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti Tchang)隶属鲤科、裂腹鱼亚科,俗称“雅鱼”,为长江上游重要经济鱼类,也是川西高原特有的冷水性鱼类。其肉质细嫩,味道鲜美,是名贵野生经济鱼类。近年来由于过度捕捞、环境污染等因素的影响,齐口裂腹鱼种群数量不断下降,分布区域日趋缩小,而随着人们生活水平的不断提高,对齐口裂腹鱼等名优水产品的需求却在不断增加。为保护和持续利用这一野生动物资源,  相似文献   

8.
目的:获得齐口裂腹鱼过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体Y辅助活化因子1a(PGC-1a)cDNA序列,探讨其在齐口裂腹鱼肌肉组织中的表达规律。方法:根据斑马鱼基因PGC-1a序列设计引物,提取齐口裂腹鱼肌肉组织总RNA,经RT-PCR扩增PGC-1a仪基因序列;利用半定量RT-PCR分析齐口裂腹鱼PGC-1a基因在红肌和白肌中的mRNA表达特性。结果:获得齐口裂腹鱼PGC-1a基因序列2633bp,GenBank登陆号为JNl95738,其中ORF为2631bp,编码876个氨基酸残基,与同鲤科的斑马鱼、草鱼和金鱼的同源性较高,为88%~93%,但与哺乳动物和禽类如人、小鼠、大鼠、猪、牛和鸡的同源性较低,为49%~50%。在基础状态下,PGC-1a在齐口裂腹鱼红肌中的表达显著高于白肌,禁食可显著诱导PGC-1a在红肌和白肌中的表达水平。结论-首次克隆得到齐口裂腹鱼PGC-1a基因序列,其在红肌中的表达显著高于白肌中,禁食可显著诱导其在红肌和白肌中的表达,为研究PGC-1a在齐口裂腹鱼肌肉中的作用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

9.
不同流速对鱇(鱼良)白鱼游泳行为的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在25℃水温下,采用特制的鱼类游泳行为测定装置对实验鱼在静水和0.1、0.2和0.25 m·s-1流速下的游泳状态、游泳速度、趋流率和摆尾频率等参数进行测定,研究水流速度对鱇(鱼良)白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)游泳行为的影响.结果表明:有流速组的趋流率显著高于静水组,但不同流速组间的趋流率无显著差别;在0 ~0.2 m·s-1流速范围内,摆尾频率随流速加快而显著增大,但在0.25 m·s-1流速下40 min后摆尾频率显著低于0.2m·s-1流速组;随着流速的增大,主要游泳状态由逆流前进变为逆流静止;在有流速组,顺流而下状态所占时间比例相对其他游泳状态都较少;在逆流游泳的3种状态中,游泳速度均随流速的增加而增大,在顺流而下状态中,游泳速度和水速间无显著相关;游泳速度、摆尾频率和水流速度两两之间均存在显著的线性相关.  相似文献   

10.
探讨齐口裂腹鱼(Schizothorax prenanti)血管内皮黏附分子(Cadherin 5,CDH5)的基因特性。用生物信息学软件分析齐口裂腹鱼CDH5基因序列,用Real-time PCR检测CDH5基因在齐口裂腹鱼感染温和气单胞菌后0 h、24 h和48 h的表达变化。获得CDH5基因全长c DNA序列,Gen Bank登录号为KT329441。该序列长4 825 bp,开放阅读框长2 313 bp,编码770个氨基酸。蛋白预测结果显示,该蛋白相对分子量为85.19 k D,等电点为5.01。存在信号肽序列,二级结构以随机卷曲、延伸链、α-螺旋为主。齐口裂腹鱼CDH5氨基酸序列与斑马鱼同源性达74%,与人的相似性为43%。CDH5在感染温和气单胞菌后在各组织中均有表达。脾脏中CDH5基因在24 h表达量显著高于0 h和48 h(P0.05)。肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中CDH5在48 h的表达量均显著高于24 h(P0.05)。心脏和肠道中CDH5基因在48 h的表达量显著高于0 h(P0.05)。CDH5基因在可能参与了齐口裂腹鱼抗温和气单胞菌感染的免疫应答,为深入研究CDH5在齐口裂腹鱼中的功能奠定基础。  相似文献   

11.
The relationship between fish shape, swimming ability and energy consumption during swimming in fish is complex and not well understood. In this paper, we show how a self-propelled 3-D fish model can be used to examine the effect of controlled changes in some shape parameters. Parameters of the model fish are modified and the resulting fish activated for short swimming episodes during which swimming velocity, torque and energy expenditure are calculated in the computer environment. The effect of shape was determined for two different fish shapes swimming at three different tail-beat frequencies (1.43, 0.94 and 0.64?Hz). The simulation results indicate that fish model one (based on a salmon) has stronger swimming ability than fish model two (a modified salmon fish shape) even though energy expenditure of fish shape two is greater than that of fish shape one. In the same fish types, the fish-swimming velocity and energy expenditure are proportional to tail-beat frequency. This model has the potential to be useful, particularly for predicting fish behavior in fish swim ways and the tail-water of energy turbines.  相似文献   

12.
The possibility of integrating bioinspired robots in groups of live social animals may constitute a valuable tool to study the basis of social behavior and uncover the fundamental determinants of animal functions and dysfunctions. In this study, we investigate the interactions between individual golden shiners (Notemigonus crysoleucas) and robotic fish swimming together in a water tunnel at constant flow velocity. The robotic fish is designed to mimic its live counterpart in the aspect ratio, body shape, dimension, and locomotory pattern. Fish positional preference with respect to the robot is experimentally analyzed as the robot''s color pattern and tail-beat frequency are varied. Behavioral observations are corroborated by particle image velocimetry studies aimed at investigating the flow structure behind the robotic fish. Experimental results show that the time spent by golden shiners in the vicinity of the bioinspired robotic fish is the highest when the robot mimics their natural color pattern and beats its tail at the same frequency. In these conditions, fish tend to swim at the same depth of the robotic fish, where the wake from the robotic fish is stronger and hydrodynamic return is most likely to be effective.  相似文献   

13.
Concern over passage of sturgeon barriers, has focused attention on fishway design that accommodates its swimming performance. In order to evaluate swimming performance, regarding fish ladder type partial barriers, wild adult sturgeons, Acipenser transmontanus; 121–76m fork length, were captured in the San Francisco Bay Estuary and Yolo Bypass toe drain. Hydrodynamic forces and kinematic parameters for swimming performance data were collected in a laboratory flume under three flow conditions through barriers and ramp. The experiments were conducted in a 24.4 m long, 2.1 m wide, and 1.62 m deep aluminum channel. Two geometric configurations of the laboratory model were designed based on channel characteristics that have been identified in natural river systems. At a given swimming speed and fish size, the highest guidance efficiencies of successful white sturgeon passage as a function of flow depth, flow velocity, turbulence intensity, Reynolds number, Froude number and shear velocity observed in the steady flow condition, tested with the horizontal ramp structure, occurred at an approach velocity of 0.33 ms-1. The guidance efficiency of successful sturgeon passage increased both with increasing flow velocity and Froude number, and decreased both with the flow depth and the turbulence intensity. This study also provides evidence that tail beat frequency increases significantly with swimming speed, but tail beat frequency decreases with fish total length. Stride length increases both with swimming speed and fish total length. The importance of unsteady forces is expressed by the reduced frequency both with swimming speed and fish total length. Regression analysis indicates that swimming kinematic variables are explained by the swimming speed, the reduced frequency and the fish total length. The results emphasize the importance of fish ladder type patchiness when a fishway is designed for the passage of sturgeon.  相似文献   

14.
基于Matlab的鱼类游泳动力学分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
鱼类游泳动力学分析研究对解决鱼道等工程应用中水力学设计方面的关键问题有着重要的意义,利用计算机技术对鱼类游泳动力学进行分析有助于研究目标鱼类的生理特性、游泳能力及其与水力环境因子的响应关系。基于MATLAB软件对我国特有鱼类鲢幼鱼进行游泳动力学分析,借助鲢幼鱼游泳时的摆尾行为,得到不同水流速度下鲢幼鱼的摆尾频率、摆尾幅度、游泳速度和加速度;对比人工计数和手动跟踪分析方法,从实际操作复杂程度和实验数据准确性的角度,分析各数据采集方法的优劣性。结果表明基于Matlab软件采用跟踪鱼的身体中线的思路能更高效的获取大量的运动参数,比如摆尾频率、摆尾幅度、游泳速度和加速度等指标。文章介绍了一种基于Matlab开发的鱼类游泳动力学分析方法,有助于为以后鱼类游泳动力学研究提供依据。  相似文献   

15.
为了探讨水流对鱼类趋光性的影响, 利用自制的循环水槽装置, 以草鱼(Ctenpharyngodon idellus)幼鱼为研究对象, 研究其在光照度为300 lx, 不同流速工况(0、0.1和0.2 m/s)下的趋光性行为, 同时设黑暗静水工况为对照组。结果表明: (1) 0.2 m/s的流速可完全激发草鱼幼鱼的趋流性, 使其游泳方向多数与顶流方向呈± 20°。(2)根据草鱼幼鱼在不同流速工况下随光照度衰减在水槽内的分布情况, 计算得其在3种流速工况下的光强期望值分别为: 52.45, 34.62和37.86 lx。(3)当照度为300 lx时, 静水工况下的实验鱼在水槽中呈现“两头高, 中间低”的分布情况, 并未表现出对某一光强范围的偏好行为; 在小于感应值的低流速下, 草鱼幼鱼的分布情况总体趋势与静水工况类似, 但在远离光源处的分布较多, 多呈“逆流后退”行为; 当流速值超过感应流速时, 在趋流性的作用下, 鱼类在尾部的聚集情况明显下降, 同时在水槽中的分布更加均匀, 其原有光环境的作用减弱。研究初步证明了略大于感应值的小流速所引发的草鱼趋流性即可对其光环境响应行为产生影响。  相似文献   

16.
The northern spearnose poacher, Agonopsis vulsa, is a benthic, heavily armored fish that swims primarily using pectoral fins. High-speed kinematics, whole-body lift measurements, and flow visualization were used to study how A. vulsa overcomes substantial negative buoyancy while generating forward thrust. Kinematics for five freely swimming poachers indicate that individuals tend to swim near the bottom (within 1 cm) with a consistently small (less than 1°) pitch angle of the body. When the poachers swam more than 1 cm above the bottom, however, body pitch angles were higher and varied inversely with speed, suggesting that lift may help overcome negative buoyancy. To determine the contribution of the body to total lift, fins were removed from euthanized fish (n=3) and the lift and drag from the body were measured in a flume. Lift and drag were found to increase with increasing flow velocity and angle of attack (ANCOVA, p<0.0001 for both effects). Lift force from the body was found to supply approximately half of the force necessary to overcome negative buoyancy when the fish were swimming more than 1 cm above the bottom. Lastly, flow visualization experiments were performed to examine the mechanism of lift generation for near-bottom swimming. A vortex in the wake of the pectoral fins was observed to interact strongly with the substratum when the animals approached the bottom. These flow patterns suggest that, when swimming within 1 cm of the bottom, poachers may use hydrodynamic ground effect to augment lift, thereby counteracting negative buoyancy.  相似文献   

17.
鲢幼鱼通过水流速度障碍的模拟   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
胡运燊  石小涛  陈求稳  黄瑶 《生态学报》2015,35(8):2652-2658
鱼类能否通过水流速度障碍直接影响过鱼设施的过鱼效果。利用计算机技术,综合水力因素、鱼类行为、地理特征及环境因子,展开鱼类通过水流速度障碍的模拟,有助于过鱼设施的优化设计。以国外涵洞式鱼道模拟软件Fish Xing为切入点,结合主要模块和关键因子,对我国特有鱼类鲢幼鱼进行模拟,得到鲢通过不同水流速度障碍的成功率;对比鲢在物理模型中的游泳表现,从模型主要模块和影响鱼类游泳表现的关键因子角度,分析影响鱼类通过水流速度障碍模拟的因素。结果表明,Fish Xing软件不能精确模拟鲢通过水流速度障碍的表现。分析表明,该软件在地理要素、管道特征和水力信息等参数方面具备独特的优势,但对我国鱼类有一定局限性,主要体现在鱼类的生物学信息如鱼类游泳特征等方面存在不足;进行鱼过障碍的模拟需要深入研究目标鱼类的生理特征、游泳能力及其与水力环境因子的响应关系。  相似文献   

18.
Critical swimming speed (UCrit) is a standard test to measure sustained swimming capabilities of fish species, however, much of this research is focused on pelagic fish or popular game fish. Recently, more research is emerging on the swimming capabilities of sturgeons, mainly due to their conservation status. Substrate preference has been examined in sturgeons, however, few studies have investigated whether sturgeon would select for a particular substrate (smooth or pebble) when provided a choice under high-flow conditions, as irregular shaped bottom substrates may provide an energetic advantage. Critical swimming tests were performed in a linear flume to evaluate whether substrate (smooth, pebble, pebble on the left side of the flume/smooth on the right side of the flume, and pebble on the right side of the flume/smooth on the left side of the flume) would affect UCrit of juvenile shortnose sturgeon (Acipenser brevirostrum), and if the sturgeon would select for a particular substrate at different speeds. All swimming experiments were video recorded and subsequently reviewed to determine the amount of time individual sturgeon spent in particular sections of the flume. Overall, there was no clear preference for a particular substrate and substrate configuration did not affect UCrit. These results may be attributed to small sample sizes, and the small pebble sizes used in relation to the sturgeon’s body size may not elicit an energetic advantage.  相似文献   

19.
研究以具有下行洄游需求的鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)幼鱼为实验对象, 分别在2种不同流态加速流(Ⅰ: 22—55 cm/s, Ⅱ: 25—60 cm/s)中进行下行实验, 对实验鱼在2种加速流中的游泳行为(下行率、下行方式及各区域游泳时间)进行定量分析并利用游泳停留时间百分比Ft衡量其偏好水流速度。结果显示: 加速流下鲢、鳙均表现出了直接下行与非直接下行两种行为。其中加速流Ⅰ中鲢、鳙直接下行率分别为35.71%、30.00%, Ⅱ中分别为45.83%、59.09%。非直接下行的鲢在2种加速流中小于30 cm/s流速区域的停留时间显著高于其他区域(P<0.05), 即鲢在实验条件下的偏好水流速度范围为小于30 cm/s; 非直接下行的鳙在加速流Ⅰ中小于30 cm/s及50—55 cm/s流速区域的停留时间显著高于其他区域(P<0.05), Ⅱ中小于30 cm/s流速区域的停留时间显著高于其他区域(P<0.05), 即鳙本实验条件下偏好水流速度范围为小于30 cm/s。将2种加速流流速相同区域合并分析发现鲢、鳙在小于30 cm/s和50—55 cm/s流速区域的停留时间存在显著性差异(P<0.05), 中间及高流速区域无明显性差异(P>0.1)。研究表明: 加速流对鲢、鳙下行游泳行为产生了影响且2种鱼在下行通过方式和偏好流速选择上存在一定的种间差异性。  相似文献   

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