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棉花耐盐性及抗氧化性研究进展 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
棉花(Gossypum hirsutum L.)具有一定的耐盐能力,但盐分过量会对棉花造成离子毒害、渗透胁迫和氧化危害.棉花能够通过调控Na+/H+反向转运蛋白将盐离子排出胞质或区隔在液泡内,以减轻离子毒害;还能通过调节渗透相关基因合成脯氨酸、甜菜碱等小分子物质及LEA保护蛋白来进行渗透保护调节.棉花通过抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环途径及提高体内超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽还原酶等的活性,清除活性氧物质.总结了棉花在耐盐和抗氧化机制方面的研究结果,探讨了棉花耐盐和抗氧化机制之间的相互关系, 为提高棉花抗性水平的研究提供理论依据. 相似文献
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高浓度CO2和O3对四季竹叶片膜脂过氧化及抗氧化系统的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以2年生四季竹为试材,利用开顶式气室(OTCs)熏蒸法模拟大气CO2和O3浓度升高情景,研究了高浓度CO2(700 μmol·mol-1)和高浓度O3(100 nmol·mol-1)及其复合作用对四季竹叶片膜脂过氧化、抗氧化酶及渗透调节物质的影响.结果表明:高浓度O3处理30 d,四季竹叶片抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量提高,清除活性氧能力增强,并未出现明显的膜脂过氧化,四季竹能耐受短期的O3胁迫.高浓度O3处理90 d,四季竹叶片抗氧化酶活性显著降低,膜脂过氧化程度加剧,膜结构破坏,发生严重的氧化损伤;高浓度CO2处理30 d,四季竹叶片抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量提高,能维持活性氧平衡,存在一定的生理适应期.而高浓度CO2处理90 d,四季竹叶片抗氧化酶活性和活性氧含量降低,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量升高,有利于四季竹生长;高浓度O3和CO2复合作用下,相对于单因素高浓度O3处理,四季竹叶片能够维持较高的抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,有效地调节活性氧产生与清除的平衡,膜脂过氧化不明显,说明高浓度CO2一定程度上可缓解高浓度O3对四季竹所造成的生理伤害. 相似文献
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以盆栽一年生毛竹为材料,利用开顶式气室模拟大气O3和CO2浓度升高情景,分析毛竹叶片细胞膜脂过氧化、抗氧化酶(SOD、CAT、POD和APX)活性和渗透调节物质(可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白)含量的响应规律,为气候变化背景下的竹林适应性管理提供理论支撑.结果表明:(1)短期(30 d)高浓度O3(92~106 nL-L-1)胁迫能刺激毛竹叶片抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量显著提高,清除活性氧能力增强,并未出现细胞膜脂过氧化现象,即毛竹对短期高浓度O3具有较强的适应性;但长期(90 d)O3胁迫条件下,毛竹叶片抗氧化酶活性显著降低,叶片细胞膜脂过氧化程度加剧,膜结构破坏,发生严重的氧化伤害.(2)短期高浓度CO2(685~730 μmol·mol-1)处理总体上对毛竹叶片细胞膜脂过氧化和抗氧化酶系统活性影响并不明显;而长期高浓度CO2处理能一定程度上增强毛竹的抗氧化能力和渗透调节功能,减轻氧化损伤,体现了对毛竹的保护效应.(3)高浓度O3和CO2复合作用下,相对于单一高浓度O3胁迫,毛竹叶片能够维持较高的抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,有效地调节活性氧产生与清除间的平衡,细胞膜脂过氧化程度变化不明显,说明高浓度CO2可在一定程度上缓解高浓度O3对毛竹所造成的生理伤害. 相似文献
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以盐生植物海滨木槿为材料,不同浓度NaCl胁迫对其抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物质和渗透调节物质含量的影响进行分析.结果显示随着NaCl浓度的升高,海滨木槿叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)的活性先升高后降低,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性呈持续下降趋势,但它们达到最高活性时的NaCl浓度不同;各处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量先下降后升高,但始终低于对照;抗氧化物质抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量均高于对照,且在200 mmol·L-1时达到最高;各处理渗透调节物质可溶性糖和脯氨酸(Pro)的含量均较对照增加且升幅较大.研究表明,海滨木槿在NaCl胁迫下具有较强的活性氧清除能力和渗透调节能力,从而表现出较强的耐盐性. 相似文献
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NaCl胁迫对海滨木槿抗氧化系统和渗透调节的影响 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
以盐生植物海滨木槿为材料,不同浓度NaCl胁迫对其抗氧化酶活性、抗氧化物质和渗透调节物质含量的影响进行分析。结果显示:随着NaCl浓度的升高,海滨木槿叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化物酶(POD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)的活性先升高后降低,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性呈持续下降趋势,但它们达到最高活性时的NaCl浓度不同;各处理的丙二醛(MDA)含量先下降后升高,但始终低于对照;抗氧化物质抗坏血酸(AsA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量均高于对照,且在200 mmol.L-1时达到最高;各处理渗透调节物质可溶性糖和脯氨酸(Pro)的含量均较对照增加且升幅较大。研究表明,海滨木槿在NaCl胁迫下具有较强的活性氧清除能力和渗透调节能力,从而表现出较强的耐盐性。 相似文献
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为揭示亚热带森林对未来全球变暖的生理响应特征,本研究以杉木为研究对象,利用开顶式增温方式模拟气候变暖,研究其对叶片和细根丙二醛含量、活性氧代谢、渗透调节物质含量以及抗氧化酶活性的影响。研究结果显示:(1)增温显著增加杉木叶片和细根的丙二醛含量,且叶片丙二醛含量显著高于细根,说明增温加剧了杉木叶片和细根氧化损伤,且叶片氧化损伤程度高于细根;(2)增温后,杉木叶片脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量降低,细根脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量则增加;(3)增温显著提高了杉木叶片过氧化物酶活性,对杉木细根抗氧化酶活性无显著影响;(4)增温后,杉木叶片和细根活性氧含量未发生显著变化,杉木叶片活性氧含量显著高于细根。综合分析表明,尽管增温增加了杉木叶片和细根的氧化损伤,但杉木可以通过提高抗氧化保护酶活性(叶片)和积累较多的渗透调节物质(细根)来维持体内活性氧代谢平衡。可见,杉木地上和地下部分器官间的相互合作与协调使杉木能有效地适应高温环境。 相似文献
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该试验以‘Money Maker’野生型(CK)和以‘Money Maker’为背景的光敏色素B1突变体(phyB1)番茄植株为试材,分析红光与远红光比值(R∶FR)分别为7.4、1.2和0.8的光环境下,受盐胁迫(100mmol·L-1 NaCl)的番茄幼苗根系形态指标及叶和根中渗透调节物质含量、活性氧含量、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量和相对电解质渗透率的变化,以解释不同R∶FR值对番茄幼苗抗氧化能力的影响以及光敏色素B1在其中的作用。结果显示:(1)在盐胁迫条件下,野生型和突变体phyB1番茄幼苗的根系形态指标(总根长、总根表面积、根尖数、根叉数)比对照显著降低,叶和根中渗透调节物质(可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸)含量、活性氧(O-·2和H2O2)含量、抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性、MDA含量和相对电解质渗透率均比对照显著升高。(2)在盐胁迫条件下降低植株生长光环境中的R∶FR值,野生型番茄植株的根系形态指标以及叶和根中渗透调节物质含量及抗氧化酶活性均比盐胁迫下显著升高,叶和根中活性氧含量、MDA含量和相对电解质渗透率均比盐胁迫下显著降低,而在phyB1突变体番茄植株中,以上指标在不同R∶FR值处理间均没有显著变化。研究发现,低R∶FR值能够促进野生型番茄根系的生长,提高叶和根中渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性,降低叶和根中活性氧含量、MDA含量和相对电解质渗透率,增强野生型番茄幼苗的抗氧化能力,促进番茄幼苗的生长,且当R∶FR值为0.8时整体效果最优;光敏色素B1在低R∶FR值促进番茄幼苗抗氧化能力中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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在干旱胁迫伴随大气CO2浓度以及升高的CO2浓度(加倍)条件下,以过量表达番茄类囊体膜抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因(StAPX)的转基因番茄为试材,探明干旱胁迫TCO2浓度升高对转基因及其野生型番茄植株清除活性氧及耐旱能力的影响。结果表明:升高的CO2浓度明显增加了干旱胁迫下植物的光合水平;升高的CO2浓度明显降低了干旱导致的植物体内H2O2.和O2的积累,影响了干旱胁迫下番茄植株的水.水循环系统的活性氧清除酶活性和小分子抗氧化物质含量;干旱胁迫下即使伴随升高的CO2浓度,测试番茄植株体内的渗透调节物质含量变化也不太明显;升高的CO2浓度明显降低了干旱胁迫下的植物细胞膜伤害程度;干旱胁迫下,升高的CO2浓度对转基因番茄株系比对野生型植株的影响更加明显。结果证明干旱逆境下,升高的CO2浓度能够在一定程度上进一步提高转基因番茄植株的耐旱性。 相似文献
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Salt stress impairs reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification systems, and causes oxidative damage to plants. Up-regulation of the antioxidant and glyoxalase systems provides protection against NaCl-induced oxidative damage in plants. Thiol–disulfide contents, glutathione content and its associated enzyme activities involved in the antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems, and protein carbonylation in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells grown in suspension culture were investigated to assess the protection offered by proline and glycinebetaine against salt stress. Salt stress increased protein carbonylation, contents of thiol, disulfide, reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms of glutathione, and the activity of glutathione-S-transferase and glyoxalase II enzymes, but decreased redox state of both thiol–disulfide and glutathione, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase and glyoxalase I enzymes involved in the ROS and MG detoxification systems. Exogenous application of proline or glycinebetaine resulted in a reduction of protein carbonylation, and in an increase in glutathione redox state and activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase and glyoxalase I under salt stress. Neither proline nor glycinebetaine, however, had any direct protective effect on NaCl-induced GSH-associated enzyme activities. The present study, therefore, suggests that both proline and glycinebetaine provide a protective action against NaCl-induced oxidative damage by reducing protein carbonylation, and enhancing antioxidant defense and MG detoxification systems. 相似文献
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Summary The possible interaction of high soil salinity and low soil nitrogen content in affecting the growth of Spartina alterniflora Loisel in the high and low marshes of the Eastern U.S. was explored. Throughout the whole growing season, the short plants growing in the high marsh, where there was a higher soil salinity and lower available soil nitrogen, contained more proline and glycinebetaine and showed a lower leaf water potential than the tall plants growing in the low marsh. In both short and tall plants, the growing season, with the highest content occurring in spring and fall. In contrast, the glycinebetaine content in both short and tall plants remained fairly constant throughout the growing season, and was consistently at least 10 fold higher than the proline content. It is estimated that 19–30% of the total leaf nitrogen was in the form of proline and glycinebetaine in the short plants, and 14–27% in the tall plants. Ammonium nitrate fertilization in the field resulted in increased growth, higher proline and glycinebetaine contents, and lower water potentials in the short plants, but had little effect on these parameters in the tall plants. We suggest that in the low marsh, the plants can obtain sufficient nitrogen for osmoregulation and other metabolism. In the high marsh with higher soil salinity and lower nitrogen content, the plants have to allocate a even greater proportion of the already limited nitrogen supply for osmoregulation. Thus, nitrogen available for osmoregulation and other nitrogen-requiring metabolism is insufficient, resulting in reduced growth. 相似文献
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Assessment of glycinebetaine and proline compartmentation by analysis of isolated beet vacuoles 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Vacuoles isolated from storage root tissue of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) do not leak significant quantities of betanin, sucrose, Na+ or K+ during isolation. This indicates that analysis of vacuoles in vitro gives meanigful information about the compartmentation of solutes in vivo. Preparations of vacouoles were used to determine the distribution of glycinebetaine and proline between vacuole and cytoplasm in beet cells. Both compounds were detected in preparations of isolated beet vacuoles. In the case of glycinebetaine it was shown that this solute was associated with the vacuoles, not with the small number of other organelles which contaminated the preparations. The vacuolar pool accounted for 26 to 84% of the total tissue glycinebetaine and 17 to 57% of the proline. Concentrations of these compounds in vacuole and cytoplasm were calculated and were always higher in the cytoplasm than in the vacuole. The concentration gradient across the tonoplast varied considerably. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to the hypothesis that glycinebetaine and proline function as benign cytoplasmic osmotica.Abbreviations A537
absorbance at 537 nm
- MES
2-(N-morpholino)-ethanesulphonic acid
- Na2EDTA
ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, disodium salt
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulphate
- Tris
tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine 相似文献
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Summary The concentrations of the major inorganic ions and glycinebetaine, choline and proline and the osmotic pressure of extract sap have been determined in eight salt marsh species and four sand dune species from local habitats. These results together with those previously reported on hydroponically grown plants and data assembled from the literature show that glycinebetaine accumulation is a feature of members of the Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae, many Gramineae and some members of the Solanaceae and Compositae, particularly when exposed to conditions of low soil water potential. It is suggested that in these families betaine is employed as a non-toxic cytoplasmic osmoticum when decreased osmotic potentials are required. In some other plant species proline may fulfil a similar function. Another quaternary ammonium compound may be accumulated in the Plumbaginaceae in addition to proline. Some evidence suggests that the differences in the organic osmoticum used may relate to the different inorganic ion contents of the plants. The accumulation of nitrogen dipoles as cytoplasmic osmotica may make heavy demands on the nitrogen economy of the plants and this problem is discussed briefly. 相似文献
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Influence of Proline and Glycinebetaine on Salt Tolerance of Cultured Barley Embryos 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LONE M. I.; KUEH J. S. H.; WYN JONES R. G.; BRIGHT S. W. J. 《Journal of experimental botany》1987,38(3):479-490
Lone, M. I., Kueh, J. S. H., Wyn Jones, R. G. and Bright, S.W. J. 1987. Influence of proline and glycinebetaine on salttolerance of cultured barley embryos.J. exp. Bot. 38:479490. The addition of exogenous proline and glycinebetaine to culturedbarley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Maris Mink) embryos increasedshoot elongation under saline conditions. Inhibition of shootelongation by NaCl was relieved by proline when plantlets weregrown in deep crystallizing dishes but not in Petri dishes whereshoots come into direct contact with the medium. The effectof proline could be related to a decrease in shoot Cland Na+ accumulation which was only observed in plantlets grownin crystallizing dishes. Proline but not betaine uptake intocultured plantlets was stimulated by NaCl while each organicsolute inhibited the endogenous synthesis of the other soluteunder salt stress. Comparison of the effects of exogenously supplied proline withenhanced endogenous proline accumulation in the mutant lineR5201 suggested that the increased proline accumulation in themutant is an order of magnitude too low to have a significantphysiological effect. The implications of the effect of prolineon ion transport, discrimination and accumulation are discussed. Key words: Salt tolerance, proline, ion transport, barley embryo culture 相似文献
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Proline and glycinebetaine induce antioxidant defense gene expression and suppress cell death in cultured tobacco cells under salt stress 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Banu NA Hoque A Watanabe-Sugimoto M Matsuoka K Nakamura Y Shimoishi Y Murata Y 《Journal of plant physiology》2009,166(2):146-156
Salt stress causes oxidative damage and cell death in plants. Plants accumulate proline and glycinebetaine (betaine) to mitigate detrimental effects of salt stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of proline and betaine on cell death in NaCl-unadapted tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Bright Yellow-2 suspension-cultured cells subjected to salt stress. Salt stress increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, lipid peroxidation, nuclear deformation and degradation, chromatin condensation, apoptosis-like cell death and ATP contents. Neither proline nor betaine affected apoptosis-like cell death and G(1) phase population, and increased ATP contents in the 200mM NaCl-stressed cells. However, both of them effectively decreased ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation, and suppressed nuclear deformation and chromatin condensation induced by severe salt stress. Evans Blue staining experiment showed that both proline and betaine significantly suppressed increment of membrane permeability induced by 200mM NaCl. Furthermore, among the ROS scavenging antioxidant defense genes studied here, mRNA levels of salicylic acid-binding (SAbind) catalase (CAT) and lignin-forming peroxidase (POX) were found to be increased by proline and betaine under salt stress. It is concluded that both proline and betaine provide a protection against NaCl-induced cell death via decreasing level of ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation as well as improvement of membrane integrity. 相似文献
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The effects of NaCl (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM) on growth, water relations, glycinebetaine, free proline, ion contents, stomata number and size of Kochia prostrata (L.) Schard were determined. Shoot and root fresh and dry matter, root and shoot length, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, relative water content, water use efficiency, soluble sugars and glycinebetaine contents were not changed at low NaCl concentrations, but they were significantly decreased at 200 mM NaCl. The K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents, water potential, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoides contents, and stomata number and size were reduced already at low concentrations of NaCl. In contrast, the Na+, Cl– and proline contents increased several times with increasing NaCl concentration. Kochia prostrata is a salt tolerant species, the optimal growth of this plant occurred up to 150 mM NaCl. The mechanisms of salt tolerance in the plant may be balance among ion accumulation and production of glycinebetaine, proline, soluble sugars for maintenance of pressure potential. 相似文献
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Glycinebetaine was found to be the major organic substrate accumulating under hypersaline growth conditions in the halotolerant cyanobacterium Spirulina subsalsa. In addition to its proposed role as osmolite, glycinebetaine is shown to specifically protect enzymatic activity. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from S. subsalsa retained full activity in the presence of NaCl at concentrations as high as 1.5 M, provided that comparable concentrations of glycinebetaine were also present in the reaction mixture. A kinetic analysis indicated that glycinebetaine protected the enzyme against both NaCl-induced decrease in Vmax and reduction in affinity to glucose 6-phosphate. The alternative osmolites, glycerol and proline, protected the enzyme against the reduction in Vmax but not against the reduction in affinity to glucose 6-phosphate. 相似文献
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Interactive effects of salinity, nitrogen and sulphur on the organic solutes in Spartina alterniflora leaf blades 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Colmer Timothy D.; Teresa W-M. Fan; Luchli Andr; Higashi Richard M. 《Journal of experimental botany》1996,47(3):369-375
Glycinebetaine, proline, asparagine, sucrose, glucose, and dimethylsulphoniopropionate(DMSP) were the major organic solutes in Spartina alternifloraleaf blades. To investigate the physiological role(s) of thesesolutes, the effects of salinity, nitrogen, and sulphur treatmentson leaf blade solute levels were examined. Glycinebetaine wasthe major organic solute accumulated in leaf blades grown at500 mol m3 NaCl, although asparagine and proline alsoaccumulated when the supply of nitrogen was sufficient. Thesesolutes may play a role in osmotic adjustment. In contrast,DMSP levels either did not change or were reduced in responseto the 500 mol m3 NaCl treatment. Furthermore, elevatednitrogen supply decreased leaf blade DMSP levels, which wasopposite to the response of glycinebetaine, proline, and asparagine.A 1000-fold increase in external sulphate concentration hadno effect on the leaf blade levels of DMSP, glycinebetaine,proline, or asparagine. These findings suggest that the majorphysiological role of DMSP in S. alterniflora leaf blades isnot for osmotic adjustment, even under conditions of nitrogendeficit and excess sulphur. Instead, DMSP which was presentat 45130 µmol g1 dry weight, may play arole as a constitutive organic osmoticum. Key words: Spartina alterniflora, dimethylsulphoniopropionate, glycinebetaine, nitrogen, salinity 相似文献