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Bt毒素诱导下小菜蛾实时定量PCR 内参基因的筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
【目的】筛选出Bt毒素诱导后的小菜蛾Plutella xylostella (L.)的实时定量PCR最适内参基因。【方法】选取核糖体18S rRNA (18S rRNA)、 肌动蛋白(ACTB)、 延伸因子(EF1)、3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶(GAPDH)、 核糖体蛋白L32 (RPL32)、 核糖体蛋白S13 (RPS13)、 核糖体蛋白S20 (RPS20)和β-微管蛋白(TUB)基因作为候选内参基因, 以geNorm、 Normfinder和BestKeeper软件分析这8个基因在Bt毒素诱导后的小菜蛾不同品系中肠组织中的表达稳定性。并应用筛选出来的内参基因分析小菜蛾氨肽酶2(aminopeptidase N2, APN2)基因的表达水平。【结果】geNorm软件以RPS13和EF1为最稳定内参基因, NormFinder和BestKeeper软件均以RPS13和RPL32为最稳定基因。使用3种不同内参基因分析Bt毒素诱导后的小菜蛾Bt抗性和敏感品系中ANP2表达水平时, 新的内参基因EF1和传统内参基因RPL32表现了良好的稳定性, 二者作为标准化因子, ANP2表达量结果基本一致, 而使用18S rRNA作为内参基因, 却导致部分表达量分析结果有所误差。【结论】筛选出PRS13,RPL32和EF1可以作为小菜蛾某些试验条件下的内参基因, 对小菜蛾基因表达研究奠定了一定基础, 也对其他昆虫内参基因的筛选具有参考价值。 相似文献
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综述了转Bt基因作物的Bt毒素在土壤中的环境去向及其生态效应的研究进展。重点阐述了:①Bt毒素与土壤表面活性颗粒结合及其与土壤理化性质的关系;②Bt毒素微生物利用与降解;③Bt毒素的杀虫活性;④后茬作物和土壤动物对Bt毒素的吸收与利用;⑤Bt毒素的垂直运移;⑥Bt毒素对土壤生物和生态过程的影响。转Bt基因作物的Bt毒素对土壤生态系统的影响急需在生态系统水平进行深入细致的长期定位研究。 相似文献
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转Bt基因作物毒素土壤存活特性及与土壤性质的关系研究进展 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
随着转Bt基因作物的推广和应用,其对生态环境及其它方面可能产生的影响越来越受到重视。加之Bt毒素蛋白检测技术的发展,国外学者们围绕纯化毒素蛋白与土壤的相互关系等方面开展了大量研究,并取得了一些结果。本文介绍了转Bt基因作物产生的毒素蛋白的杀虫特性,杀虫蛋白的测定方法,转Bt基因作物向大田释放存在的潜在风险及土壤矿物质,有机质,有机矿质复合体对纯化Bt毒素存活的影响,毒素在根际土壤中的行为等方面的研究现状,最后,提出了今后有关研究应注意的几个问题。 相似文献
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随着转基因作物的应用和推广 ,转 Bt基因作物释放后对生态环境及其它方面产生的潜在影响越来越受到重视。分别从生物活性杀虫晶体蛋白在土壤中的残留特性、杀虫晶体蛋白对土壤中非目标生物的影响、转 Bt基因玉米植株体成分的变化、转Bt基因玉米花粉中杀虫晶体蛋白的表达特性及其在田间和马力筋叶片上的散积状况、花粉中表达的杀虫晶体蛋白对君主斑蝶的毒性、君主斑蝶幼虫暴露在 Bt花粉中的概率及综合风险评价估算等方面对转 Bt基因玉米产生的杀虫晶体蛋白与土壤生态环境的相互作用、花粉对非目标生物影响的研究现状进行了综述。通过对转 Bt基因作物生态安全性的科学评价和广泛宣传 ,以确保生物技术的健康发展。 相似文献
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在生产实际中,菊花受害虫的危害很严重,用化学农药防虫,会使害虫产生耐药性、农药残留、次要害虫上升等恶性循环。为解决这个问题国外有少数人做了研究,我国也已开始。华中农业大学园林学院和江汉大学医学与生命科学学院蒋细旺、包满珠先生对此课题做了研究,他们对曾经过卡那霉素抗性筛选所得的菊花转苏云金芽胞杆菌毒蛋白Bt基因和转雪花莲外源凝集素GNA基因所得的抗性植株,利用改良SDS法提取菊花DNA,再用引物NPTII对6个菊花品种的抗性植株所提出的DNA进行PCR扩增,发现了符合NPTII基因片段的大小条带,这可在我国第一次证实已获得了转Bt基因和转GNA基因的菊花新植株。 相似文献
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以常规棉泗棉3号作为对照,采用酶联免疫生测法(ELISA)和室内生物测定法,研究了转Bt基因棉新棉33B和GK-12不同组织器官中Cry1Ac或Cry1Ab毒蛋白的表达及其向靶标害虫(棉铃虫)、非靶标害虫(棉蚜)以及天敌(龟纹瓢虫)的传递和影响。研究结果表明,新棉33B各组织器官中Bt毒蛋白的表达量较高,为79.7~1 390.0 ng/g鲜重,GK-012较低为165~2640 ng/g鲜重。在花盛期,新棉33B各组织器官中Bt毒蛋白的表达量依次为:柱头、花 >子房、花瓣>群尖;而5~7叶期的初展嫩叶、现蕾初期的幼蕾及花铃期的幼铃表达量相当,而且与花盛期群尖的表达量没有明显区别。同样处于花盛期的GK-12,其各组织器官中Bt毒蛋白的表达量依次为:花药>柱头>花瓣>群尖>子房;而5~7叶期的初展嫩叶、现蕾初期的幼蕾及花铃期的幼铃表达量相当,而且与花盛期群尖的表达量没有明显差异。常规对照棉的幼铃、花药、柱头以及子房中痕量Bt毒蛋白的存在可能与传粉昆虫等的活动有关。在转Bt基因棉田采集的棉蚜和棉铃虫老龄幼虫,其体内均可检测到Bt毒蛋白;在新棉33B棉田采集的龟纹瓢虫幼虫和成虫体内也可检测出Bt毒素。当以Bt棉田的棉蚜饲喂龟纹瓢虫时,龟纹瓢虫的生长发育、存活以及繁殖等基本没有受到影响。 相似文献
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采用浸叶法测定了2003年秋季、2004年春季采自广东惠州、福建福州、浙江杭州和江苏南京的小菜蛾Plutella xylostella田间种群对Cry1Aa、Cry1Ab、Cry1Ac和Cry2Aa以及Bt制剂kurstaki亚种 (Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, Btk)的抗性水平。与敏感品系PHI-S相比,广东惠州田间小菜蛾种群的抗性水平最高,其对Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac的抗性分别达到了168和120倍,均为高抗水平; 对Btk制剂的抗性有47倍,达到了中抗水平;对Cry1Aa和Cry2Aa具有低水平抗性 (分别为5.8和5.6倍)。福建福州、浙江杭州和江苏南京田间小菜蛾种群抗性水平相近,对Cry1Ab和Cry1Ac具有低至中等水平抗性 (8~28倍),对Btk制剂具有低水平抗性 (3.5~7倍),对Cry1Aa和Cry2Aa还没有产生明显抗性。因此,在我国东南沿海地区要注意Btk制剂与Bt其他亚种制剂或其他生物杀虫剂轮换使用,以减小Bt制剂对小菜蛾的选择压力,延缓小菜蛾对Bt抗性的发展。 相似文献
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随着转Bt基因作物的大面积推广和应用,其释放的毒蛋白在土壤中的残留及对土壤生态系统的影响等问题已经成为人们关注的热点。国内外学者们通过室内构建大田模拟模型的方法对土壤中残留的Bt毒蛋白进行了研究,并取得了显著的进展。土壤是生态系统中物质循环和能量转化过程的主要场所,转Bt基因植物的外源基因表达的Bt毒蛋白可以通过植株残体、根及根系分泌物和花粉的散播等途径进入土壤生态系统,这些高度特化了的Bt毒素蛋白一旦在土壤中积累,将会导致土壤特异生物功能类群以及土壤多样性发生改变,甚至产生级联效应。大量研究表明,苏云金芽孢杆菌产生的Bt毒蛋白进入土壤后,可与土壤粘粒和腐质酸迅速结合,不易分离,而且较之游离态,更难被土壤微生物降解。纯化的Bt毒蛋白与无菌土壤中活性颗粒紧密结合后,存留时间至少可达234d。虽然结合态的Bt蛋白用酶联免疫法(ELISA)方法检测不到,但生物测定表明其仍保持杀虫活性。对转Bt基因作物的研究表明,Bt棉组织埋入土壤7d内,土壤中可提取的杀虫晶体蛋白浓度快速下降,之后下降速度比较稳定,甚至维持数周不变。而Bt玉米根系分泌物和植株残体释放的杀虫晶体蛋白在土壤中至少保持180d杀虫活性。虽然关于Bt毒蛋白在土壤中存留时间的长短,可能因实验材料、试验方法和条件的不同而不同。但是总之,如果长期种植转Bt基因作物,很可能会造成Bt毒蛋白在土壤中的积累,并最终威胁到整个土壤生态系统的平衡。目前对土壤中Bt毒蛋白定性和定量检测的方法主要有印迹分析法(Western-blotting)、SDS-PAGE法、斑点印迹酶联免疫吸附法(dot-blotELISA)、流式细胞仪法(Flowcytometer,FCM)、ELISA平板试剂盒及试剂条和生物测定法。其中最直接、简易、准确的方法是ELISA平板试剂盒及试纸条快速检测法和生物测定法。但检测土壤残留Bt毒蛋白时,采用的方法不同,检测的结果也有差异。 相似文献
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Characterization of the genes encoding the haemolytic toxin and the mosquitocidal delta-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Catherine Bourgouin André Klier Georges Rapoport 《Molecular & general genetics : MGG》1986,205(3):390-397
Summary The crystalline parasporal inclusions (crystals) of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), which are specifically toxic to mosquito and black fly larvae, contain three main polypeptides of 28 kDa, 68 kDa and 130 kDa. The genes encoding the 28 kDa protein and the 130 kDa protein have been cloned from a large plasmid of Bti. Escherichiacoli recombinant clones containing the 130 kDa protein gene were highly active against larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens, while B. subtilis recombinant cells containing the 28 kDa protein gene were haemolytic for sheep red blood cells. A fragment of the Bti plasmid which is partially homologous to the 130 kDa protein gene was also isolated; it probably corresponds to part of a second type of mosquitocidal toxin gene. Furthermore, restriction enzyme analysis suggested that the 130 kDa protein gene is located on the same Bti EcoRI fragment as another kind of Bti mosquitocidal protein gene cloned by Thorne et al. (1986). Hybridization experiments conducted with the 28 kDa protein gene and the 230 kDa protein gene showed that these two Bti genes are probably present in the plasmid DNA of B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni (PG14), which is also highly active against mosquito larvae. 相似文献
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A cloned CryIVB toxin was purified from a cured strain of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) containing the cryIVB gene on the recombinant plasmid Cam135. Solubilized protoxin was treated with Aedes gut extract or trypsin for varying times and tested for toxicity in vitro on three dipteran and one lepidopteran cell line. Treatment with the Aedes extract but not trypsin, produced an active toxin which lysed only Aedes aegypti cells out of those tested. This activation was time-dependent reaching a maximum after 6 h. Both the Aedes extract-treated and trypsin-treated toxin killed A. aegypti larvae, but this toxicity declined rapidly with increasing time of exposure to the proteolytic preparations. 相似文献
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Delineation of the toxin coding fragments and an insect-specificity region of a dual toxicity Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A series of deletion mutants have been constructed from the dual toxicity Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai IC1 (Bta IC1) crystal protein gene. The mutant toxin genes were expressed in Escherichia coli, their protein products purified and the authenticity of these mutant proteins confirmed immunologically. Analysis of the toxicity spectra of these mutants revealed that lepidopteran toxicity is located on the N-terminal region of the toxin between residues Ile30-Glu595. 3' deletion of a further 37 residues from Glu595 of the lepidopteran-specific toxin abolished lepidopteran toxicity but the resulting protein consisting of residues Ile30-Gly558 was still fully toxic to dipteran larvae and cells. Another mutant crystal protein gene truncated to encode residues between Ile30-Gly563 was toxic only to diptera. These data indicate that the determinants of lepidopteran specificity in the Bta IC1 toxin are located between residues Gly558-Glu595 and that the N-terminal portion of the toxin between Ile30-Gly558 is sufficient to express dipteran toxicity. 相似文献
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从中国土壤中分离的大量苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株中鉴定出H42、H43、H56、H60及H62等5种新H血清型,并进行了形态、培养特征、生化反应、晶体蛋白质成分及毒力特性等项检测鉴定,鉴定了5个苏云金芽孢杆菌新亚种:Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jinghongiensis (H42), B.thuringiensis subsp. guiyangiensis (H43),B.thuringiensis subsp. rongseni(H56),B.thuringiensis subsp. pingluonsis(H60)及B.thuringiensis subsp. zhaodongensis(H62)。毒力生物测定证明5个新亚种的代表菌株对棉铃虫(Heliothis armigera),小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella),柳蓝叶甲(Plagiodera versicolora)幼虫均无毒力。H42、H43、H56、H60对埃及伊蚊(Aedes aegypti),斑须按蚊(Anopheles stephensi)及尖音库蚊(Culex pipiens)亦均无毒;H62对埃及伊蚊无毒,但对尖音库蚊与斑须按蚊有低毒。 相似文献
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cry4Aa、cry4Ba和cry11Aa基因在苏云金杆菌无晶体型菌株中的表达 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用穿梭载体pBU4,将苏云金杆菌以色列亚种(Bti)的cry4Aa、cry4Ba和cry11Aa基因分别转入Bti无晶体突变株4Q7中,获得了转化菌株Bt-B601、Bt-B611和Bt-B640。SDS-PAGE结果显示:cry4Aa、cry4Ba和cry11Aa蛋白均分别获得了表达。透射电镜下观察,转化菌 有产生球形或菱形伴胞晶体。转化菌株对敏感和抗性致倦库蚊及白纹伊蚊幼虫的生物测定结果显示:cry4Aa、cry4Ba和cry11Aa蛋白对库蚊和伊蚊的毒力较低,二元毒素抗性库蚊幼虫对Bti杀蚊毒素蛋白无明显的交叉抗性。 相似文献
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Gram-positive, endospore-forming Bacillus thuringiensis-like strains were isolated from 95 of 413 samples collected at the 0–5 cm depth of noncultivated soils and stagnant or dried-up ponds as well as from dust from stored grain products in South Central United States. Based on the production of parasporal crystals, 25 isolates were identified as B. thuringiensis after examining 227 B. thuringiensis-like colonies. The greatest proportion of samples yielding B. thuringiensis were from the dust from grain storage. The sodium acetate selective medium, heat processing, and crystal staining used in the initial screening revealed diverse populations of B. thuringiensis, which were categorized into distinct crystal morphological groups. Sugar fermentation, antibiotic sensitivity, growth characteristics and PCR studies showed diversity among the isolates that were distributed among 25 of the 58 known strains. The most frequently isolated strains were kurstaki, aizawai, morrisoni, thuringiensis, sotto and kenyae that together represented more than 90% of the characterized isolates. PCR analysis using 30 family primer pairs for cry and cyt genes showed that the frequency of the cry1 gene (62%) was predominant followed by the cry2 genes (30%), and the rest (8%) were other cry gene types, such as cry3, cry4, cry10, cry11, cry14, cry15, cry20, cry24 and cry26. Both cyt1 and -2 genes were also detected. Several isolates showed PCR products on the gel that were not consistent with the expected sizes of nucleotides targeted by the primers. These were suggestive of nonspecific amplifications and were not used in the characterization process. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2002) 28, 284–290 DOI: 10.1038/sj/jim/7000244 Received 30 May 2001/ Accepted in revised form 10 January 2002 相似文献
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Bt杀虫基因与Bt转基因抗虫植物研究进展 总被引:36,自引:0,他引:36
苏云金杆菌是一类非常重要的昆虫病原体,它能产生特异性的杀虫结晶蛋白,对农业上和生物医学上的许多有害的昆虫有毒杀作用,这些害虫包括鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目、螨类和线虫。近三十年来,以苏云金杆菌为基础的生物杀虫剂已在世界范围内商业化用于防治重要经济作物的害虫。近年来有关Bt基因的遗传、分子生物学和基因工程已取得显著进展。本文对苏云金杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因的分类和杀虫机理及用该类基因构建的工程转基因植物研究状况作一简要综述,同时对Bt基因工程存在的潜在问题和解决途径作了简单的探讨。 相似文献