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1.
连作对麦冬根际土壤细菌群落的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
以中草药麦冬为研究对象,采用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)方法,考察连作对麦冬根际土壤细菌群落的影响。结果表明,重茬麦冬根际细菌群落的Shannon-Wiener指数从苗期至快速生长期、再到块根膨大期分别为3.36-3.40-3.69,丰富度指数为55.0-61.5-63.5,均匀度指数为0.84-0.82-0.89;而同期正茬根际细菌群落的上述指数值分别为3.66-3.33-3.72、67.5-53.5-63.5和0.87-0.84-0.90。通过对土壤细菌群落的DGGE图谱进行主成分分析,结果显示,上述各个时期重茬与正茬样本均发生显著分离,表明连作改变了麦冬根际细菌群落的多样性变化趋势和结构组成。进一步比较麦冬块根膨大期根际主要功能菌群的数量变化,发现连作后氨化细菌和好气性纤维素分解菌数量增加,而硝化细菌和固氮菌的数量减少。对比发现重茬麦冬的产量仅为正茬的70.6%,表明麦冬连作减产与其根际土壤细菌群落的变化相关。  相似文献   

2.
以麦冬和山麦冬为材料,比较分析了叶片形态结构,以及叶绿素含量、光合参数等生理指标的差异,以期为人工栽培麦冬提供技术依据。结果显示:(1)山麦冬的气孔直径、气孔密度、每个叶肉细胞所含叶绿体数目均较麦冬多,且叶绿素和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量均显著高于麦冬。(2)麦冬和山麦冬的光补偿点(LCP)均在11μmol·m-2·s-1左右,但麦冬光饱和点(LSP)低于300μmol·m-2·s-1,而山麦冬LSP在600μmol·m-2·s-1左右,且山麦冬的表观量子效率高于麦冬。(3)麦冬和山麦冬光合日变化均呈明显的双峰型曲线,存在明显的光合"午休"现象,但麦冬光合"午休"为非气孔限制,而山麦冬光合"午休"为气孔限制。(4)麦冬的光抑制现象较山麦冬严重,这可能与麦冬的Car含量显著偏低有关。研究表明,山麦冬和麦冬的叶片均具有明显的半阴性植物结构特征,但山麦冬对光照环境的适应性以及光合能力更强。  相似文献   

3.
遮荫对山麦冬生长特性和生物量分配的影响   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
研究了不同遮荫水平(遮光率分别为:对照0%、 20%、50%、70%~75%、80%~85%、92.5%)对山麦冬生长以及生物量分配特性的影响。结果表明,随着遮荫程度的加重,山麦冬的生物量增量表出现先上升后下降的趋势,在遮荫50%水平下生物量增量达到最高;随光强减弱同化物分配发生改变,叶重比增加,根重比和根冠比下降。此外,遮荫还提高了植株的含水量和冠径。我们还观察到强光环境和深度遮荫均不利于花序、分蘖和块根的形成。因此,我们认为山麦冬作为耐荫植物对光环境具有一定的适应能力,强光或严重遮荫均不利于其正常生长发育。  相似文献   

4.
麦冬、土麦冬和阔叶土麦冬叶表皮形态结构的观察   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
用光镜和扫描电镜观察了麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus(L.f)Ker—Gawl.]、土麦冬(Liriope spicata Lour.)和阔叶土麦冬(L.platyphylla Wanget Tang)叶表皮显微结构、亚显微结构和角质层内表面的形态结构。结果表明,气孔主要分布于麦冬、土麦冬和阔叶土麦冬叶片的下表皮,气孔密度分别为76.4、114.3和99.8个·mm^-2;仅阔叶土麦冬叶片上表皮有少量气孔分布。3种植物的气孔器均不具有副卫细胞,并在叶脉间形成纵向气孔带。表皮细胞长方形,气孔带与非气孔带处表皮细胞的形态和大小差异较明显。麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁具明显瘤状突起,导致气孔下陷;土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁呈波浪状突起,使气孔相对下陷;阔叶土麦冬气孔周围的表皮细胞平周壁基本无突起,气孔不下陷。3种植物的叶表皮均有发达的角质层和丰富的蜡质,且蜡质主要分布于下表皮气孔带处。这些结构特征可能与它们所具有的喜阳、耐阴和耐旱等特性有一定的相关性。  相似文献   

5.
为比较浙麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)块根和须根中的主要成分,采用GC-MS对2年生块根及须根中的有效成分和挥发油成分进行了分析。结果表明,浙麦冬块根的总糖含量高于须根,而须根的可溶性糖、黄酮含量皆略高于块根。从浙麦冬根的挥发油中共检出73种化合物,其中块根50种,须根48种,共同含有的物质有香桧烯、莰酮、愈创木醇等25种,含量较多的成分有β-榄香烯、长叶烯及绿花白千层醇等。低沸点的醇类及烯烃为麦冬根部挥发油的主要成分。浙麦冬须根的化学成分在种类和含量上皆与块根相似,有些成分甚至高于块根,可以作为块根的替代品应用于保健品及药物研发等领域。  相似文献   

6.
麦冬研究进展   总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28  
麦冬 ( Ophiopogon japonicus)系百合科沿阶草属多年生常绿草本植物 ,在我国大部分地区均有野生分布和栽培 ,其著名产地有四川三台 (川麦冬 )和浙江杭州 (杭麦冬 )。麦冬以块根供药用 ,具有养阴生津、润肺清心功效 ,主治肺燥干咳 ,津伤口渴等症。麦门冬首载于《神农本草经》。为百合科多年生草本植物麦门冬的块根。麦门冬叶丛生 ,长线形 ,倒拖于地。初夏开紫色小花 ,结紫黑色球形浆果。根如连珠节粒 ,即为麦门冬。有大叶、小叶两种 ,通常小叶者入药。以浙江产者最佳 ,为著名的浙八味之一。浙麦冬是多年生常绿的草本植物 ,适应性强 ,喜湿润…  相似文献   

7.
麦冬皂苷D对过氧化氢造模的HUVEC保护作用机制研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
目的:研究麦冬皂苷D对HUVEC凋亡相关分子的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:用H2O2构建凋亡模型,运用MTT及流式细胞仪检测细胞活性,激光共聚焦方法测定粒体膜电位和钙离子浓度。结果:麦冬皂苷D可以稳定线粒体膜电位,减少钙离子内流,增加细胞的活力。结论:麦冬皂苷D对HUVEC有一定的保护作用。  相似文献   

8.
短葶山麦冬     
<正>短葶山麦冬Lirlopemuscari(Decne.)Baily.系百合科山麦冬属植物,在2015年版的《中华人民共和国药典》中收录在山麦冬名下。药用部位为干燥块根,是国内主流商品麦冬类药材。呈纺锤形,两端略尖,稍扁,长2~5厘米,直径0.3~0.8厘米,具粗纵纹。味甘、微苦。中医认为山麦冬归心、肺、胃经,有养阴生津、润肺清心的功效,用于肺燥干咳、阴虚唠嗽、喉痹咽痛、津伤口渴、内热消渴、心烦失眠和润燥便秘等。短葶山麦冬分布于西南及江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、广西等地。1963年福建省推广古田县野生麦冬转家种的经验后,由于仙  相似文献   

9.
目的:分析比较产于浙江和贵州两地川麦冬的块根和须根中几种活性成分的含量。方法:对川麦冬块根和须根采用70℃下醇提法提取黄酮、90℃下水提法获得可溶性糖、酸化糖醛法测定总糖含量。结果:产于两地的川麦冬须根中黄酮含量均高于块根,其中贵州产川麦冬须根黄酮含量2.412%,高于浙江产;而浙江产块根中黄酮含量为0.912%,高于贵州产。浙江产川麦冬中块根和须根的可溶性糖含量为3.953%和2.994%,均高于贵州产(3.501%,2.765%),两地的麦冬须根所含总糖无明显差异,块根所含总糖在贵州产川麦冬中为37.55%,略微高于浙江产。结论:研究获得产于浙江和贵州的川麦冬的块根、须根中黄酮、可溶性糖、总糖和挥发油等活性成分的含量。产于浙江和贵州两地的川麦冬中活性成分的含量各有差异,从块根所含的这些成分角度来说,产于浙江川麦冬品质优于贵州产。研究结果为浙江发展川麦冬种植提供理论依据。  相似文献   

10.
为了揭示多拷贝基因的进化方式, 对濒危植物木根麦冬(Ophiopogon xylorrhizus Wang et Dai) 3个居群、6个个体的294个5S rR NA 基因拷贝及其姐妹种林生麦冬(O. sylvicola Wang et Tang)的45个拷贝进行了DNA测序和序列分析,并以这个迄今发表的最大的单个物种的5S rRNA基因数据,以PAUP程序重建了分子系统发育树.结果表明: 1)所得序列呈高度多样性,长度变化在307~548碱基之间,仅13对(3.8%)相同,序列分化指数较高:木根麦冬是0.078,林生麦冬是0.032,两物种间是0.149; 2)100%的统计值支持两物种的5S rRNA 基因分别来自于祖先种的一个拷贝,即"建立者拷贝",这个拷贝在物种形成之后进行了一系列连续的扩增,形成一个直系的基因家族,而祖先种的其他拷贝在物种形成后被丢失; 3)不同拷贝是独立进化的,序列间的一致化过程很弱,这在串联重复的rR N A基因中是罕见的; 4)木根麦冬居群间曾存在频繁的基因交流,使5S rRNA 基因的许多拷贝扩散于不同居群,维持着种内较高的遗传多样性.可以认为是某些近期发生的变化,阻止了居群间的基因交流,导致该物种广泛的自交,发生自交衰退,并最后导致濒危.  相似文献   

11.
小G蛋白Rop在植物细胞信号转导中发挥着重要的分子开关功能。该实验通过RT-PCR方法克隆了百脉根的一个Rop编码基因LjRac1,并对LjRac1基因序列进行生物信息学分析,然后采用半定量RT-PCR检测LjRac1基因在百脉根不同组织中的表达,用荧光实时定量PCR方法检测百脉根接种根瘤菌后LjRac1基因在不同阶段根系中的表达,构建过表达重组质粒,利用发根农杆菌介导的遗传转化法对LjRac1基因功能进行分析。结果表明:(1)序列分析显示,LjRac1完整编码区的cDNA序列长度为594bp,编码197个氨基酸,其编码蛋白具有典型的Rop家族保守结构域;同源分析显示,百脉根LjRac1与大豆GmRac1、野大豆GsRac1的一致性最高(94.42%)。(2)LjRac1基因在百脉根的根、茎、叶、根瘤和花中均有表达,且在根和根瘤中的表达水平较高;接种根瘤菌0.5h后,LjRac1基因在根系中的表达量呈显著升高趋势。(3)过表达转基因植株中LjRac1mRNA的表达水平为对照植株的14.3倍,且过表达植株的结瘤数目较对照明显增加。研究认为,LjRac1基因是一个受根瘤菌诱导增强表达的基因,过表达LjRac1基因可以引起植株结瘤数目的增加,说明LjRac1基因可能参与早期结瘤信号转导途径,从而在根瘤的发育中发挥一定作用。  相似文献   

12.
Induction and development of potato tubers in a jar fermentor   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers were mass propagated in a jar fermentor using a two-step method consisting of a shoot multiplication step (phase 1) followed by a tuber induction and development step (phase 2). Tuberization was observed within 2 weeks of phase 2 and the number of tubers did not increase after this culture period. In contrast, total tuber weight continuously increased for at least 10 weeks. Although the number of tubers and the total tuber weight clearly decreased under the lower temperature (17°C), this weight decrease was partially prevented by changing the temperature from 17°C to 25°C after 2 weeks of phase 2. This result indicates that tuber development can be controlled independently of induction. Lower temperatures influenced the localization and size distribution of tubers in the jar fermentor.  相似文献   

13.
This study examined the interaction and main-effect impacts of herbivory by the leaf-mining fly Hydrellia pakistanae and plant competition from Vallisneria americana on the growth, expansion and tuber formation of Hydrilla verticillata in a 2 × 2 factorial design experiment. The study was conducted in 14,000-L tanks, over two growing seasons. Each tank represented a single experimental unit and contained 32 1-L pots. At the beginning of the experiment half of these were planted with H. verticillata while the other half were either left empty or planted with V. americana (the competitor). H. pakistanae fly larvae (the herbivore) were added to tanks as appropriate. No significant interactions were identified between herbivory and competition on any parameter of H. verticillata growth analyzed (i.e., total tank biomass accumulation, total number of rooting stems, total tuber number, total tuber mass, and tuber size), indicating that the factors were operating independently and neither antagonism nor synergism was occurring. Both competition and herbivory impacted the growth of H. verticillata. H. verticillata plants grown in the presence of V. americana developed less total biomass, had fewer total basal stems, had fewer tubers and less tuber mass per tank, and produced significantly smaller tubers relative to control plants. Herbivory also suppressed H. verticillata biomass accumulation and tended to suppress the number and total mass of tubers produced in each tank. Both factors showed 30–40% reduction of total H. verticillata biomass, although the mechanism of impact was different. Competition suppressed expansion of H. verticillata into adjoining pots but had little impact on its growth in pots where it was originally planted. Herbivory resulted in a general suppression of growth of H. verticillata in all pots. Although herbivory significantly impacted H. verticillata biomass, it did not result in competitive release for V. americana under the current experimental conditions. We conclude that management activities that promote competition or herbivory will impact the growth and expansion of H. verticillata. Furthermore, since these factors operated independently, the combined use of both factors should be beneficial for suppression of H. verticillata dominance.  相似文献   

14.
Most stoneflies oviposit several times during their adult stage. In this study, the relations among oviposition frequency, the number of eggs per egg mass, and body size were examined in the chloroperlid stonefly Sweltsa sp. and two perlodid stoneflies, Isoperla aizuana and Stavsolus japonicus. It was found that larger individuals tended to oviposit more frequently than smaller ones, but the relation was significant only in Isoperla aizuana. In Sweltsa sp. and Isoperla aizuana, the number of eggs per egg mass was higher for the less-frequently ovipositing individuals than for those ovipositing more frequently, and the number of eggs per egg mass decreased with successive oviposition events. Stavsolus japonicus showed the same tendency but it was not statistically significant.  相似文献   

15.
该研究以珠子参愈伤组织为材料,通过同源克隆方法获得了珠子参3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)基因(PjHMGR,登录号:MG712296)的cDNA序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析。基于PjHMGR序列构建了珠子参过表达载体pCAMBIA2300s-PjHMGR,通过根瘤农杆菌转化法将其转化到珠子参细胞中,成功获得7株阳性转PjHMGR基因细胞系;通过实时荧光定量PCR、比色法及皂化法等技术测定阳性细胞系PjHMGR基因的相对表达量、HMGR酶活、皂苷和植物甾醇含量变化。结果显示:(1)与野生型珠子参细胞系相比,转PjHMGR基因珠子参阳性细胞系中,PjHMGR基因的相对表达量、HMGR酶活和皂苷含量均有不同程度的提高;在效果最好的阳性细胞中,PjHMGR基因的相对表达量、HMGR酶活和皂苷含量分别为对照的7.15、6.14和3.50倍。(2)在研究过程中,发现转基因细胞系的植物甾醇含量也有所升高。研究认为,将珠子参关键酶基因PjHMGR过表达载体导入珠子参愈伤组织细胞中,可引起相关关键酶基因相对表达量和PjHMGR酶活性的增加,从而调控珠子参总皂苷的合成,对皂苷合成途径中关键酶基因进行调控将可能实现对皂苷生物合成的调节。  相似文献   

16.
该研究首次报道了毛齿藓短蒴变种(新拟)在中国的分布和毛齿藓属在新疆的分布。研究表明:(1)毛齿藓短蒴变种的主要识别特征为:叶基部鞘状,突然狭窄成线状披针形,背仰,叶缘平展,中肋充满叶上部,背面粗糙,远轴面有厚壁细胞束分化,叶细胞长方形至短长方形;有假根生芽胞;孢蒴椭球形,稍弓形弯曲,蒴齿线状披针形,二裂至近基部。(2)毛齿藓属的3个分类单位在中国均有分布,毛齿藓短蒴变种以较短的孢蒴和蒴柄区别于原变种,以有根生芽胞、叶基部呈明显鞘状、叶缘平展区别于云南毛齿藓的无假根生芽胞、叶基部略呈鞘状、叶缘背卷。(3)在牛毛藓科中有许多类群与毛齿藓短蒴变种形态相似,但仅有毛齿藓属的叶在横切面上主细胞的远轴面有厚壁细胞束,而其他类群的叶在横切上主细胞的近轴面和远轴面均有厚壁细胞束。该变种的叶背仰不同于牛毛藓科其他属的叶直立;以具鞘部的叶、表面光滑的孢蒴、内弯的蒴齿区别于无鞘部的叶、表面有纵沟槽的孢蒴、直立的蒴齿的牛毛藓属。(4)该变种属北极 高山分布类型,表现出了明显的欧洲 亚洲 北美洲间断分布模式,可作为研究气候变化、海陆变迁的重要材料。  相似文献   

17.
采用高通量(Illumina Miseq)测序技术对栽培和野生2种生境下川麦冬根围的丛枝菌根(AM)真菌多样性和群落结构进行测定,并结合土壤理化因子进行相关性分析,以明确两种生境下川麦冬根围土壤AM真菌多样性和优势群落的分布特点,探讨AM真菌群落分布差异的驱动因子,为AM真菌应用于麦冬生产提供理论依据和技术支持。结果表明:(1)不同生境下川麦冬根围土壤中共鉴定出AM真菌3属10种,其中野生川麦冬根围土壤鉴定出的AM真菌3属7种,分别隶属于无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)、多孢囊霉属(Diversispora)和球囊霉属(Glomus),而栽培环境下鉴定出AM真菌1属6种,隶属于球囊霉属。2个生境优势属均为球囊霉属。(2)不同生境下川麦冬根围AM真菌之间存在显著差异,野生生境下川麦冬根围土壤AM真菌多样性指数ACE和Shannon均显著高于人工栽培生境,而Simpson指数则相反。(3)相关性分析表明,AM真菌多样性指数及群落组成结构均与土壤理化因子存在相关性,其中全钾(TK)、全磷(TP)、全氮(TN)对AM真菌多样性指数和群落结构组成均存在显著影响。研究认为,不同生境下川麦冬根围AM真菌群落存在显著差异,球囊霉属为川麦冬互利共生的关键属,TK、TP、TN是不同生境川麦冬根围AM真菌群落差异的主要驱动因子。  相似文献   

18.
Deep burial in the sediment of tubers of fennel pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) has been explained in terms of avoidance by escape against consumption by Bewick's swans (Cygnus columbianus bewickii) in autumn. We therefore expected changes in foraging pressure to ultimately result in a change in the tuber distribution across sediment depth. A trade-off underlies this idea: deep tubers are less accessible to swans but must be larger to meet the higher energy demands of sprouting in spring. To test this prediction, we compared tuber burial depth over a gradient of foraging pressure both across space and across time. Tuber samples were obtained after aboveground plant senescence but before arrival of Bewick's swans. First, we compared the current tuber bank depth profile in a shallow lake with high foraging pressure, the Lauwersmeer, with that in two wetlands with moderate and low foraging pressure. Second, we compared the current tuber burial in the Lauwersmeer with that in the early 1980s when exploitation by swans had just started there. In accordance with our hypothesis, we found significantly deeper burial of tubers under high consumption risk compared to low consumption risk, both when comparing sites and comparing time periods. Since tubers in effect only survive to the next spring, the observed differences in burial depth among sites and over time cannot be a direct result of tuber losses due to consumption by swans. Rather, these observations suggest adaptive responses in tuber burial related to foraging pressure from Bewick's swans in the recent past. We thus propose that fennel pondweed exhibits flexible avoidance by escape, of a kind rarely described for plants, where both phenotypic plasticity and genotype sorting may contribute to the observed differences in tuber burial.  相似文献   

19.
The root hairs of plants are tubular projections of root epidermal cells and are suitable for investigating the control of cellular morphogenesis. In wild-typeArabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh, growing root hairs were found to exhibit cellular expansion limited to the apical end of the cell, a polarized distribution of organelles in the cytoplasm, and vesicles of several types located near the growing tip. Therhd3 mutant produces short and wavy root hairs with an average volume less than one-third of the wild-type hairs, indicating abnormal cell expansion. The mutant hairs display a striking reduction in vacuole size and a corresponding increase in the relative proportion of cytoplasm throughout hair development. Bead-labeling experiments and ultrastructural analyses indicate that the wavy-hair phenotype of the mutant is caused by asymmetric tip growth, possibly due to abnormally distributed vesicles in cortical areas flanking the hair tips. It is suggested that a major effect of therhd3 mutation is to inhibit vacuole enlargement which normally accompanies root hair cell expansion.  相似文献   

20.
为研究双色蜡蘑(Laccaria bicolor)对黑松(Pinus thunbergii)幼苗生长及其根系形态的影响,在营养杯培育条件下,用双色蜡蘑液体菌剂对黑松幼苗进行接种处理,接种第15、30、60、90、120天时取样,比较接种和未接种黑松幼苗的生物量、根系形态及根系分形维数的差异。结果表明:双色蜡蘑在黑松幼苗地上植株、地下根系的生长及其生物量的积累方面都表现出明显的促进作用。接种双色蜡蘑也显著改善了根系总长度、分支数、表面积、体积等参数和根系分形维数,并对地下根系生长的促进作用时间早于地上部分,且效应显著高于地上部分。接种双色蜡蘑第15~30天时对地上部分基本无影响,但对根系促进作用明显,而地上部分在第60天时开始表现出显著的生长效应。研究发现,双色蜡蘑能够成功定殖于黑松根部,促进黑松幼苗生长及其生物量的积累,同时显著促进根系总长度、分支数、表面积和体积增加,并使根系分形维数增大,表现出明显的促生作用,且对根系发育的显著促进作用早于地上部分。  相似文献   

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