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1.
恩诺沙星对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响   总被引:12,自引:5,他引:12       下载免费PDF全文
马驿  陈杖榴  曾振灵 《生态学报》2007,27(8):3400-3406
为了评价恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin)对土壤微生物群落的影响,借助BIOLOG检测法比较了不同浓度恩诺沙星影响下的土壤微生物的群落特征。结果表明,各添加药物组与空白对照组的土壤微生物群落代谢多样性差异显著(P<0.05),空白对照组土壤微生物在BIOLOG微平板上的平均每孔颜色变化率(AWCD)和微生物代谢多样性指数(丰富度和多样性)显著高于添加药物组;药物显著影响微生物群落对BIOLOG微平板中碳源的利用能力,较低浓度的恩诺沙星(0.01μg/g)就显著影响了土壤微生物群落对α-Ketobutyric Acid、L-Phenylalanine、1-Erythritol、D-Xylose等碳源的利用代谢能力(P<0.05),且土壤微生物群落利用各类碳源的能力随药物浓度加大而降低。由此可见,恩诺沙星在土壤中残留时对土壤微生物的影响不容忽视。  相似文献   

2.
恩诺沙星残留对土壤微生物功能的影响   总被引:25,自引:1,他引:25       下载免费PDF全文
研究了恩诺沙星残留对土壤呼吸作用、纤维分解作用、氨化作用、硝化作用的影响 ,结果表明 ,相对较低浓度恩诺沙星残留(0 .0 1μg/ g土 ,0 .1μg/ g土 )刺激土壤呼吸作用 ,相对较高浓度恩诺沙星残留 (1μg/ g土 )对土壤呼吸作用产生抑制 ,药物作用活性维持期为 6 d;恩诺沙星残留对土壤纤维分解作用影响较不明显 ;较低浓度恩诺沙星残留 (0 .0 1μg/ g土 ,0 .1μg/ g土 )对土壤氨化作用有刺激作用 ,而较高浓度恩诺沙星残留 (1μg/ g土 ,10μg/ g土 )则会对其起抑制作用 ,药物作用活性期为 9d;不同浓度恩诺沙星对土壤硝化作用影响极其显著 ,当恩诺沙星浓度达到 1μg/ ml时 ,在 3~ 9d内 ,对土壤硝化作用有一定抑制作用。当恩诺沙星浓度达到 10μg/ ml时 ,强烈抑制了土壤硝化作用 ,直到本试验结束时 ,其抑制作用未见减弱。结果表明恩诺沙星残留影响了土壤微生物这些功能 ,因而可能影响到土壤特性和土壤中一些生态过程  相似文献   

3.
目的 近期研究证据表明,肠道微生物与2型糖尿病(T2DM)等代谢性疾病有关,相关机制研究多以啮齿类动物为模型,而在更适合研究人类疾病的猪模型上却鲜有报道.方法 为了探究小型猪T2DM模型中肠道微生物的组成和结构的变化,本研究以广西巴马小型猪为动物模型,通过高脂高糖饮食诱导T2DM,建模成功后采集T2DM发病组(T2DM...  相似文献   

4.
目的 研究不同残留剂量恩诺沙星对连续培养系统中肠道菌群数量的影响.方法 建立4套连续培养系统,接种正常人粪便于发酵罐中,连续培养肠道菌群23 d;第23天发酵罐中分别泵入含恩诺沙星剂量为0、1.25、12.5和125 mg/L的培养基,连续加药7 d,第31天停止加药.加药前10 d和加药过程中每隔2 d从4个发酵罐中取样并进行活菌计数.结果 活菌计数结果表明,空白组菌群数量稳定,说明4套连续培养系统运行稳定;低剂量组(1.25 mg/L)恩诺沙星使双歧杆菌下降3个数量级,对其他菌基本无影响;中剂量组(12.5 mg/L)中除拟杆菌外数量均有所下降,厌氧总菌、乳酸菌和肠杆菌停药前数量恢复到加药前水平,需氧总菌、双歧杆菌和肠球菌数量下降后不能恢复原初水平;高剂量组(125 mg/L)中所计数细菌数量均发生变化,需氧总菌、乳酸菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌和拟杆菌数量下降且停药前不能恢复原初水平,厌氧总菌和肠杆菌数量先降后升,最终计数结果比加药前数量增加.结论 中国现行规定恩诺沙星的日允许摄入量(ADI)可能对人体肠道菌群造成影响.  相似文献   

5.
湖泊的水生态模型   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
由于城市化进程的不断加快,大量的污染物排放到湖泊中,打破了湖泊的生态平衡.湖泊的水生态模型不仅能够研究湖泊的富营养化现象,而且还可以模拟工业毒物等污染物对湖泊生态系统的影响,是湖泊管理的有力工具.本文从分析湖泊的污染现状以及污染趋势出发,介绍了湖泊水生态模型的研究现状,并根据模型的模拟对象和空间模拟能力对湖泊水生态模型进行了分类.在此基础上介绍了AQUATOX、PAMOLARE、CAEDYM、WASP、OOMAS等比较成熟的模拟湖泊生态系统的模型软件,阐述了它们的产生、发展、主要特点以及应用,总结了当今湖泊水生态模型在模拟过程中遇到的问题,并对水生态模型的发展趋势进行了展望.本文为湖泊水生态模型的选择提供了建议.  相似文献   

6.
马驿  陈杖榴 《生态学报》2010,30(1):7-14
为了了解恩诺沙星在环境中残留对土壤微生物的影响,通过PCR扩增、基因克隆、RFLP分析法对恩诺沙星影响下的土壤微生物固氮酶nifH基因的分子多样性进行了分析。结果表明,恩诺沙星作用于土壤后第35天,Ⅰ-Ⅵ组的OTUs与克隆子的百分比分别为:34.31%、32.18%、26.04%、20.83%、19.09%、20.00%;第70天,Ⅰ-Ⅵ组的OTUs与克隆子的百分比分别为:23.85%、20.75%、18.26%、16.67%、14.58%、11.67%。对照组多样性指数均高于添加药物组,第35天,对照组的M argalef指数与添加药物各组差异均显著(P0.05),第70天,仅与10μg/g和50μg/g两组差异显著;第35天,除了0.01μg/g组,对照组的Shannon-Wiener指数与其他添加药物组差异均显著,第70天,仅与10μg/g和50μg/g两组差异显著。由此可见,随着药物作用的时间延长,药物含量0.01-1μg/g组土壤固氮微生物的多样性与对照组之间的差异变小。  相似文献   

7.
马驿  陈杖榴 《生态学报》2010,30(4):1011-1017
为了解恩诺沙星在环境中残留对土壤微生物的影响,通过PCR扩增、基因克隆、RFLP分析法对恩诺沙星影响下的土壤反硝化细菌氧化二氮还原酶nosZ基因的分子多样性进行了研究。结果表明,恩诺沙星作用于土壤后第35天,ⅠⅥ组(Ⅰ组0μg/g、Ⅱ组0.01μg/g、Ⅲ组0.1μg/g、Ⅳ组1μg/g、Ⅴ组10μg/g、Ⅵ组50μg/g)的OTUs与克隆子的百分比分别为:48.30%、41.88%、34.78%、33.62%、25.42%、23.81%;第70天,ⅠⅥ组的OTUs与克隆子的百分比分别为:29.66%、24.24%、18.10%、16.67%、15.83%、14.39%。对照组多样性指数均高于添加药物组,第35天,对照组的M argalef指数与添加药物各组差异均显著(P0.05),第70天,仅与10μg/g和50μg/g两组差异显著;第35天,除了0.01μg/g组,对照组的Shannon-W iener指数与其他添加药物组差异均显著,第70天,仅与50μg/g组差异显著。由此可见,随着药物作用的时间延长,药物含量0.0110μg/g组土壤反硝化细菌的多样性与对照组之间的差异变小。  相似文献   

8.
本实验通过观察不同浓度恩诺沙星对固体培养条件下蛭弧菌产生噬斑和液体培养条件下蛭弧菌增殖的情况,以及蛭弧菌在不同浓度恩诺沙星下吸附到载体上的情况,研究了恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌BDF-H16生长及吸附的影响.实验发现:2μg/mL、5μg/mL、10μg/mL、20μg/mL和50μg/mL恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌BDF-H16噬斑的产生及增殖均具有抑制作用(P<0.05).在固体培养72 h后.随着恩诺沙星浓度逐渐增大,蛭弧菌BDF-H16产生的噬斑数目逐渐减少;在液体培养72 h后,随着恩诺沙星的浓度逐渐增高,蛭弧菌BDF-H16的增殖浓度不断减少,但10μg/mL恩诺沙星并没有改变蛭弧菌BDF-H16的生长趋势.此外,以沸石作为吸附载体,2μg/mL、5 μg/mL、10 μg/mL、20 μg/mL和50 μg/mL恩诺沙星降低了蛭弧菌BDF-H16吸附量,随着恩诺沙星浓度的增大,蛭弧菌BDF-H16的吸附量逐渐降低,而蛭弧菌BDF-H16的吸附率却在一定恩诺沙星浓度(2 μg/mL~20μg/mL)下却有所升高(P<0.05).以上结果表明,恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌BDF-H16噬斑的产生及增殖具有抑制作用,但在有载体存在的情况下,蛭弧菌的吸附能力在一定恩诺沙星浓度范围内有所增强,添加载体沸石有助于降低恩诺沙星对蛭弧菌BDF-H16的不良影响.  相似文献   

9.
孟怡心 《工业微生物》2023,53(4):128-130
微生物多样性是保证土壤多功能性的重要因素,其在分解土壤有机质、促进地球化学循环和植物生长,以及抑制土壤传播病害等方面发挥着至关重要的作用.随着农业生产模式的改变和全球气候的变化,加之工业生产的废水废料不断进入土壤中,导致土壤微生物的多样性明显减少,给生态系统功能带来了严重的不利影响.基于此,文章通过收集整理相关研究成果和文献资料,围绕微生物多样性降低对土壤多功能性的影响进行综述.  相似文献   

10.
酸雨对水生生物影响的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
环境生物学家目前面临的任务之一是就酸雨对水体和水生生物的冲击作出预测。本文主要介绍酸雨分布最广、危害严重的地区,并对水生生物的影响作出分析。研究表明一个湖泊及其流域中和酸雨所进入的酸的容量,主要取决于汇水区基岩的组成。湖、河酸化所带来的最明显的生物学冲击是鱼类种群的消失或减少。而食物网中各个营养级的生物也可能受到影响。生物的数量和种类会减少,结果随着整个水生态系统的破坏,水体的初级生产力和分解作用受到伤害。 我们所进行的研究表明:鲢、餹、鲤对酸的相对敏感性是受精卵>鱼苗>鱼种;鲢鱼的96小时LC_(50)分别是pH5.34,4.51及3.80。酸雨对大型溞的急性毒性,24小时LC_(50)是pH4.06±0.19;48小时LC_(50)是pH4.94±0.20。椭园萝卜螺对酸的96小时累积死亡率分别是:pH3.6时100%,pH3.8时60%,pH4.0时20%以及pH4.2时10%。 作者对今后需要进行的研究课题提出了建议。  相似文献   

11.
    
Abstract

Microstructural post mortem changes to skeletal tissues by microorganisms are driven by several factors including the death history of an animal, its decomposition trajectory, and the depositing environment itself. The study we describe here brings together material from recent and fossil contexts that are depositionally distinct from a terrestrial-marine transitionary shoreline environment. We compare these changes with those of marine environments previously identified in the Mary Rose material, and those of continental waters (lakes) previously identified in the Cerro de la Garita (Concud) site, and we document this against bacterially related changes observed from terrestrial contexts. A new microstructural change identified in material from terrestrial sites is also described relating to rootlet damage. By considering microstructural change in skeletal tissues, it is maybe possible to ascribe environmental context, or, to better understand the complexity of material presented by transitionary environments.  相似文献   

12.
物质流、能量流、信息流是生态系统过程研究中的三大主题。然而,在流域生态学研究中,有关信息流的研究一直缺位。为了推动流域信息流研究,从生物信息流切入,提出\"流域生物信息流\"概念,将其定义为\"生物信息依托于流域生态系统过程在不同空间和系统之间进行传递、交流、作用、反馈的路径、过程与控制\",并将其研究内容拟定为主要关注于水陆间、干支流间、上下游间、不同生态斑块间的流域生物信息流及其周期性节律和趋势性变迁,以及地貌、水文、人类活动等对这些生物信息流的影响等。然后,以青藏高原上青海湖重要入湖河流--沙柳河的河流水体微生物和岸带土壤微生物为研究对象,利用环境DNA技术,对沙柳河流域的自然径流驱动的流域生物信息流进行量化研究。结果表明(1)岸带土壤到水体的流域生物信息流主要由地表表面流、地下潜流等驱动,并受环境过滤效应影响,其输移效率降雨天约为62.76%、晴天约为44.16%,其中输移能力降雨天约为68.49%、晴天约为56.82%,环境过滤效应降雨天约为8.38%、晴天约为22.28%;(2)水体上游到下游的流域生物信息流主要由河川径流驱动,并受衰减效应影响,其基础综合输移效率约为97.41%/km,其中径流输移能力约为99.42%/km,无效流域生物信息流占比约为43.46%,无效流域生物信息流的半衰距离约为14.52 km;(3)降雨通过增加地表表面流等的冲蚀搬运能力并削弱环境过滤效应,促使岸带土壤到水体的流域生物信息流输移能力和输移效率增大;(4)流域生物信息流的输入在一定程度上增加了输入地的可检出生物多样性,但这种增加对于流水生态系统来讲是非累积的。  相似文献   

13.
Decomposition of aquatic macrophytes can considerably influence carbon cycling and energy flow in shallow freshwater aquatic ecosystems. The Atchafalaya River Basin (ARB) is a large floodplain river in southern Louisiana that experiences a seasonal floodpulse and is spatially composed of a mosaic of turbid riverine and stagnant backwater areas. During two seasons, winter and fall of 1995, we examined decomposition of four common aquatic macrophytes in the ARB: water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), arrowhead (Sagittaria platyphylla), coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum) and hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata). To determine decay rates, we used litter bags of two mesh sizes (5 mm and 0.25 mm) and analyzed data with a single exponential decay model. Analysis of decay rates established several trends for aquatic macrophyte decomposition in the ARB. First, macrophytes decayed faster in fall than winter due to the effect of increased temperature. Second, macroinvertebrates were the primary decomposers of macrophytes in riverine sites and microbes were the primary decomposers in backwater areas. These trends may have been related to decomposer-habitat interactions, with well-oxygenated riverine sites more hospitable to invertebrates and backwater areas more favorable to microbes because of high organic inputs and reduced flow. Decay rates for macrophytes, ranked from slowest to fastest, were E. crassipes<S. platyphylla<C. demersum<H. verticillata. Slower decomposition of E. crassipes was probably a result of microbial inhibition by the waxy-cutin outer layer and low nutritional value. The accelerated decomposition of C. demersum and H. verticillata was most likely a function of the large surface area of the highly dissected leaves. Macroinvertebrate numbers were twice as high in riverine sites compared to backwater sites. In the winter, amphipods Gammarus spp. and Hyallela azteca composed a large percentage of the total density on detritus. In the fall, Caenis sp. was prevalent in the backwater habitat and dipterans were abundant in the riverine site. We investigated the microbial component involved in the decomposition of E. crassipes and S. platyphylla and found that the highest microbial respiration rates occurred early in the winter at the backwater site. Bacterial density in the winter on E. crassipes and S. platyphylla averaged 1.4×106 cm-2 after two days and decreased to 2.0×105 cm-2 after 28 d. Our results emphasized the importance of the microbial community in the decomposition of macrophytes in the ARB, especially in backwater habitats and in the early stages of decay.  相似文献   

14.
    
Habitat fragmentation is among the most important global threats to biodiversity; however, the direct effects of its components including connectivity loss are largely unknown and still mostly inferred based on indirect evidence. Our understanding of these drivers is especially limited in microbial communities. Here, by conducting a 4-month outdoor experiment with artificial pond (mesocosm) metacommunities, we studied the effects of connectivity loss on planktonic microorganisms, primarily focusing on pro- and microeukaryotes. Connectivity loss was simulated by stopping the dispersal among local habitats after an initial period with dispersal. Keeping the habitat amount constant and the abiotic environment homogeneous allowed us to track the direct effects of the process of connectivity loss. We found that connectivity loss led to higher levels of extinction and a decrease in both local and regional diversity in microeukaryotes. In contrast, diversity patterns of prokaryotes remained largely unaffected, with some indications of extinction debt. Connectivity loss also led to lower evenness in microeukaryotes, likely through changes in biotic interactions with zooplankton grazers. Our results imply that connectivity loss can directly translate into species losses in communities and highlight the importance of conserving habitat networks with sufficient dispersal among local habitats.  相似文献   

15.
Physiological strategies driving the reduction of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide by the thermophilic Gram-positive dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing bacterium C. ferrireducens were evaluated. Direct cell-to-mineral contact appears to be the major physiological strategy for ferrihydrite reduction. This strategy is promoted by cell surface-associated c-type cytochromes, and the extracellular electron transfer to ferrihydrite is linked to energy generation via a membrane-bound electron transport chain. The involvement of pili-like appendages in ferrihydrite reduction has been detected for the first time in a thermophilic microorganism. A supplementary strategy for the utilization of a siderophore (DFO) in dissimilatory ferrihydrite reduction has also been characterized.  相似文献   

16.
Indicator organisms for estuarine and marine waters   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Abstract The use of indicator organisms for estuarine and coastal waters has been reviewed. The natural flora of the environment must be considered in selecting an indicator organism, but, more importantly, recent work which shows a viable but non-recoverable stage of pathogens entering the marine environment demonstrates that the conventional detection of indicator microorganisms is misleading, if not inaccurate. Results suggest that the newly developed epifluorescent/immunofluorescent direct detection of pathogens in the environment may be the most reliable method for determining public health hazards in marine and estuarine waters.  相似文献   

17.
18.
Three levels of physical disturbance were applied to corals in permanent 10x10 m quadrats along a section of fringing reef at Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef to investigate the response of fish assemblages. Tabular and corymbose corals were overturned and left in situ, reducing total hard coral cover from ˜55% to ˜47%, ˜43%, and ˜34%. Despite pre-existing associations with benthic cover, all fish groups examined (pomacentrids, labrids, chaetodontids, and acanthurids) were resistent to benthic disturbances at the level and scale at which they were applied. Partial Mantel's tests, in combination with partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis enabled spatial and temporal variation to be factored out from experimental effects. Most of the variation in the fish community could be assigned to spatio-temporal variables, indicating that spatial structure over the reef landscape may moderate localised disturbance effects. This study indicates that coral reef fish assemblages may be more resistant to disturbance than many correlative studies would suggest, and highlights a need for further information on levels and scales of natural habitat disturbance in order to apply a structured approach to the experimental investigation of the importance of habitat in structuring coral-reef fish assemblages.  相似文献   

19.
环境微生物培养新技术的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
遍布于地球上各种生境中的微生物具有丰富的物种多样性.迄今为止,能够在实验室条件下培养的微生物仅仅是其中的一小部分,微生物物种的绝大多数还都难以在现有培养技术和条件下进行繁殖和生长.人们把那些尚未在实验室获得培养生长的微生物称之为未培养微生物(Uncultured microorganisms).本文概述了一些制约微生物培养生长的影响因素,重点介绍了近年来出现的一些新颖独特的环境微生物培养技术和方法,包括稀释培养法、高通量培养技术、模拟自然环境的扩散盒技术、土壤基质膜装置、细胞微囊包埋技术等.此外,本文还总结了通过改善微生物培养条件、设计开发新型的微生物培养基等方面取得的令人瞩目的进展.这些新颖培养技术和培养方法的出现,显著提高了微生物的可培养性,发现和鉴定了许多新的微生物物种,极大地丰富了可培养微生物的多样性和微生物资源,并为深入研究和开发微生物奠定了良好的资源研究基础.  相似文献   

20.
    
An advanced electrochemical sensor for the detection of enrofloxacin (ENR) based on the use of a modified electrode containing cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) is reported. The CdS NPs were synthesized and characterized and then coated onto the electrode to fabricate a modified electrode that exhibited a lower limit of detection of 9.5 × 10?8 mol·L?1. This detection limit compares with a traditional electrode that exhibited a concentration detection range of 1.0 × 10?2 to 1.0 × 10?7 mol·L?1. This modified electrode demonstrated good selectivity, reproducibility, response time (<40 s), lifetime (up to 12 wk), and pH range (3.3‐7.2) for the determination of ENR in real samples (eg, pig urine).  相似文献   

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