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1.
王荣付  刘小鹏  张杰  杨忠君  程芳 《生物磁学》2011,(18):3536-3539
慢性病严重危害人群健康,已成为疾病负担的主要原因。本文通过三间分布(人群分布、地区分布、时间分布)发现,我国农村地区慢性病患病率随年龄增加而增高;发病年龄提前;年龄越小,增幅越大;不同的慢性病在性别间呈现不同的发病趋势;农村居民现代医学知识缺乏,健康意识淡薄,对慢性病的知晓率、治疗率和控制卒低;农村地区经济收入低,医疗保障差,慢性病会对其经济上造成沉重的负担;农村的慢性病患病率增长已经快于城市,且在死因顺位中上升。针对目前我国农村地区慢性痛的这些流行现状,进一步分析了农村地区慢性病防治存在的主要问题,并提出了控制对策及管理方法。  相似文献   

2.
目的了解兰州地区人群的牙周健康状况,检测牙周健康者及牙周疾病患者口腔唾液中牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)的阳性率,为兰州地区人群防治牙周疾病提供科学依据。方法收集942例唾液标本,采用常规厌氧培养法,挑取产黑色素菌落进行革兰染色与生化鉴定。结果兰州地区人群牙周疾病患病率为78.45%,男女性别间差异无统计学意义(P=0.655);农村人群(53.45%)高于城市人群(46.55%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.029);各年龄段差异有显著的统计学意义(P=0.001),随年龄增长患病率呈增长趋势。兰州地区人群唾液中Pg总阳性率为71.23%,牙周疾病组(82.22%)显著高于牙周健康组(27.57%),差异有显著的统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论兰州地区人群牙周健康状况与生活环境、年龄、性别有关;在不同的牙周健康状况人群中牙龈卟啉单胞菌的分布不同。  相似文献   

3.
目的了解白细胞介素-1β基因多态性在广西地区壮族健康人群中的分布及其与其他不同种族间的差异.方法采用PCR-RFLP方法,对155名广西地区壮族健康者IL-1β( 3953)位点进行了检测,计算其基因型和等位基因频率,并与德国和西班牙人群的基因多态性分布进行比较.结果广西地区壮族健康人群与德国、西班牙人群相比,C等位基因频率明显偏高(97%比78%和80.3%),T等位基因频率明显偏低(2.6%比22%和19.7%)(P<0.005).结论广西地区壮族健康人群与德国、西班牙种族比较,IL-1β( 3953)基因多态性的分布存在明显差异.  相似文献   

4.
目的分析甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划后的甲肝流行特征,为制定有效控制措施提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对2005—2014年许昌市甲肝疫情进行描述,利用SPSS软件对甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划前后流行特征进行对比分析。结果甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划后,甲肝流行强度减弱,发病率下降明显;发病年龄后移,以农民、学生发病为主;无明显季节性分布,农村与城市地区年均发病率无显著差异,以经济和卫生条件差、接种率低的鄢陵县发病最多。结论甲肝疫苗纳入国家免疫规划后,接种率和接种质量迅速提高,甲肝流行病学特征发生明显变化,今后要在规范开展甲肝疫苗常规免疫接种基础上,加强重点人群免疫接种,及时开展疫情监测和风险评估,做好重点地区和人群健康教育,改善工作学习和生活卫生环境,控制局部暴发疫情。  相似文献   

5.
本文结合实例探讨多水平Poisson模型在公共卫生领域的应用,根据结核病患病数据资料的层次结构特征,采用多水平Possion模型拟合不同模型并分析比较.得出性别和年龄因素对于结核患病率有影响,不同地区间结核患病率也有差别.具有层次结构特征的数据适宜采用多水平模型进行分析,多水平Possion模型适合用于以人群为基础的公共卫生数据资料的分析.  相似文献   

6.
目的:了解大庆油田职工高血糖,高血脂和脂肪肝的患病率及变化趋势,建立基于回归分析的三种慢性病年龄预警模型,分析三种慢性病随年龄变化的趋势,为大庆油田职工三种慢性病的防治工作提供理论依据。方法:抽取2012年2月至2013年1月期间在某油田医院接受健康体检的油田职工4998人的资料进行统计学分析,应用回归分析模型对三种慢性病随年龄增长的患病趋势进行研究。结果:男性的高血糖,高血脂和脂肪肝发病率均高于女性,高血脂,高血糖的患病率与年龄的增长存在线性递增关系,高血糖,高血脂患病率在30至40岁年龄组增速最快,而脂肪肝在50岁年龄组时患病率最高。结论:应该高度重视高血糖,高血脂和脂肪肝的预防工作,为了保持良好的健康状况,应参考年龄预警模型的提示,根据不同年龄段的特点尽早做好预防工作。  相似文献   

7.
目的了解大连高新区15~74岁居民主要慢性病患病基本特征,为制定和评价大连高新区卫生政策和干预措施提供基础数据。方法在大连高新区采用分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取15~74岁常住居民的976人为调查对象进行调查。结果高血压患病率为33.61%,糖尿病患病率为11.07%,冠心病患病率为6.76%,血脂异常患病率为50.41%,城乡间患病率无差异;高血压、糖尿病、冠心病和血脂异常患病率均随着年龄的增加呈逐渐上升趋势,丧偶人群患病率最高(P0.05);高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患病率,男性高于女性,文化程度低者高于文化程度高者,且随着体重指数的增高而增高(P0.05);高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常患者中,有超过半数为本次检查新发现病例。结论大连高新区居民慢性非传染性疾病患病率处于较高水平,防控策略和措施亟待加强。  相似文献   

8.
古秋娥  王家林 《蛇志》2008,20(1):13-17
目的 研究广西人群中亚健康的分布情况,并探讨亚健康的标准.方法 采用自行设计的广西人群亚健康现状调查问卷对广西学生、教师、社会人群和农村人群进行调查.结果 (1)广西不同人群间在总体、生理、心理和生活习惯方面差异存在统计学意义(均P<0.01);在社会适应方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中农村人群亚健康情况最严重.(2)不同性别人群间仅生理方面女性比男性亚健康情况严重.(3)不同民族人群间亚健康情况差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05).(4)不同婚姻状态人群间在总体、生理、心理和生活习惯方面差异存在统计学意义(均P<0.01);社会适应方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中离婚者最严重.(5)不同职业人群间在总体、生理、心理和生活习惯方面差异存在统计学意义(均P<0.01);社会适应方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其中商人亚健康情况最严重,农民次之.(6)不同文化程度人群间在总体、生理、心理、社会适应和生活习惯方面差异均存在统计学意义(均P<0.01),其中在总体、生理、心理和社会适应方面,小学文化程度者最严重,在生活习惯方面研究生最严重.(7)不同目前状态人群间在总体、生理、心理、社会适应和生活习惯方面差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01和P<0.05),其中待业和下岗者最严重.(8)以不同人群亚健康问卷得分大于其相应的第95%位数数值作为标准判定亚健康.结论 应针对广西人群中亚健康分布情况开展亚健康教育,提出了广西不同人群的亚健康标准.  相似文献   

9.
目的 研究我国农村居民年度医疗服务利用聚集性。方法 收集我国东、中、西6个县域内的农村居民在县、乡、村三级医疗机构的就诊信息,运用Microsoft Excel编程技术,合并筛选居民个人年度的住院及门诊信息。分析我国农村居民的医疗服务利用聚集性程度及各个地区的水平差异。结果 农村居民年度医疗服务利用的人数及就诊单元量均随着就诊单元的增多逐渐减少;各个地区的平均就诊单元量介于5.22~12.17之间;集中指数均达到0.47以上,最高达0.62;总体上平均25%的人群利用了57.92%以上的医疗服务;高医疗服务利用人群以45~60岁较多。结论 不同地区农村居民年度医疗服务利用总体分布趋势基本一致;各个地区医疗服务利用均表现出较高的聚集性,且西部地区间的聚集性差异明显;性别年龄对医疗服务利用聚集性产生影响,高医疗服务利用以男性居多,45~60岁人群是高服务利用的主要人群。  相似文献   

10.
目的:了解四川省遂宁地区城乡自然人群中吸烟者的分布特征,比较城市及农村的吸烟人群在吸烟状况等方面的差异,为今后在该地区的不同人群中开展戒烟干预活动提供基础数据。方法:采用访谈和问卷调查相结合的形式,对四川省遂宁市下辖的五区城乡常住人口进行随机抽样。被调查者年龄范围为18岁至65岁。调查项目包括:一般情况、吸烟率、吸烟量、戒烟意愿和戒烟原因等。结果:从总体上看,男性吸烟率高于女性,文化程度越高在吸烟者中所占比例越小。城乡之间有统计学显著意义的差异如下:1.农村人群的吸烟率高于城市人群(男性:农村64.7%,城市45.7%;女性:农村4.6%,城市3.1%);2.农村吸烟群体的文化程度明显低于城市;3.农村吸烟者的日平均吸烟量高于城市吸烟者;4.农村吸烟者的烟龄比城市吸烟者烟龄长;5.城乡之间的戒烟原因各自不同。结论:城乡之间的吸烟者有着各自不同的特征和吸烟情况,在开展戒烟或控烟等宣称防治工作时应针对不同群体有不同的工作策略与方法。  相似文献   

11.

Background

The burden of chronic diseases in China is substantial now. Data on patterns of chronic diseases and multimorbidity among older adults, especially among those living in rural areas, are sparse.

Objective

We aim to investigate the prevalence and patterns of chronic disease pairs and multimorbidity in elderly people living in rural China.

Methods

This population-based study included 1480 adults aged 60 years and over (mean age 68.5 years, 59.4% women) living in a rural community. Data were derived from the Confucius Hometown Aging Project in Shandong, China (June 2010-July 2011). Chronic diseases were diagnosed through face-to-face interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory tests. Patterns of chronic disease pairs and multimorbidity were explored using logistic regression and exploratory factor analyses.

Results

The prevalence of individual chronic diseases ranged from 3.0% for tumor to 76.4% for hypertension, and each disease was often accompanied with three or more other chronic diseases. The observed prevalence of pairs of chronic conditions exceeded the expected prevalence for several conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders, as well as pulmonary diseases and degenerative disorders. Chronic multimorbidity (≥2 chronic diseases) affected more than 90% of subjects, and two patterns of chronic multimorbidity were identified: cardiopulmonary-mental-degenerative disorder pattern (overall prevalence, 58.2%), and cerebrovascular-metabolic disorder pattern (62.6%). Prevalence of the cardiopulmonary-mental-degenerative disorder pattern increased with age, and was higher in men than women; whereas prevalence of the cerebrovascular-metabolic disorder pattern was higher in women than in men but did not vary by age.

Conclusion

Chronic multimorbidity was highly prevalent among older Chinese adults living in rural areas, and there were specific patterns of the co-occurrence of chronic diseases. Effort is needed to identify possible preventative strategies based on the potential clustering of chronic diseases.  相似文献   

12.

Background

Nearly 20% of tuberculosis (TB) patients die within one year, and TB-related mortality rates remain high in Taiwan. The study aimed to identify factors correlated with TB-specific deaths versus non-TB-specific deaths in different age groups among TB-related mortalities.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2006-2008 with newly registered TB patients receiving follow-up for 1 year. The national TB database from the Taiwan-CDC was linked with the National Vital Registry System and the National Health Insurance database. A chi-squared test and logistic regression were used to analyse the correlated factors related to TB-specific and non-TB-specific deaths in different age groups.

Results

Elderly age (odds ratio [OR] 2.68-8.09), Eastern residence (OR 2.01), positive sputum bacteriology (OR 2.54), abnormal chest X-ray (OR 2.28), and comorbidity with chronic kidney disease (OR 2.35), stroke (OR 1.74) or chronic liver disease (OR 1.29) were most likely to be the cause of TB-specific deaths, whereas cancer (OR 0.79) was less likely to be implicated. For non-TB-specific deaths in patients younger than 65 years of age, male sex (OR 2.04) and comorbidity with HIV (OR 5.92), chronic kidney disease (OR 8.02), stroke (OR 3.75), cancer (OR 9.79), chronic liver disease (OR 2.71) or diabetes mellitus (OR 1.38) were risk factors.

Conclusions

Different factors correlated with TB-specific deaths compared with non-TB-specific deaths, and the impact of comorbidities gradually decreased as age increased. To reduce TB-specific mortality, special consideration for TB patients with old age, Eastern residence, positive sputum bacteriology and comorbidity with chronic kidney disease or stroke is crucial. In particular, Eastern residence increased the risk of TB-specific death in all age groups. In terms of TB deaths among patients younger than 65 years of age, patients with HIV, chronic kidney disease or cancer had a 6-10 times increased risk of non-TB-specific deaths.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiological aspects of amyotrophic leukospongiosis (AL), a slow viral infection of the central nervous system leading to the fatal outcome in 2-4 years, have been studied. As a rule, this disease is observed in the inhabitants of rural areas or in town dwellers born in rural areas and having spent there a considerable part of their life. AL occurs in persons of middle and older age; young people under 19 years and old people over 68 years of age are not affected by this infection. In contrast to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease, AL is characteristic for persons in the phase of hormonal activity. The disease starts mostly in autumn and winter; this regularity is especially pronounced in women. The morbidity level (according to the average annual data) is at present 0.3 per million of population. An increased morbidity rate is characteristic of the family and group type of the epidemic process. This higher morbidity rate, by one order higher than that observed in the sporadic type of morbidity, is caused by the gradual formation of "genetic isolates".  相似文献   

14.

Background

The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has increased and will continue to rise worldwide. However, data regarding the prevalence of CKD in a rural area of China are limited. We therefore investigated the prevalence and associated risk factors of impaired renal function and urinary abnormalities in an adult rural population in southern China.

Methods

Between December 2006 and January 2007, residents older than 20 years from four villages in Zhuhai city were randomly selected using a stratified, multistage sampling technique. All participants were interviewed and tested for hematuria, albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The associations between age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperuricemia, education level and indicators of renal damage were examined.

Results

Overall, 1,214 subjects were enrolled in this study. After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of albuminuria was 7.1% (95% CI: 4.5, 8.1), reduced eGFR was 2.6% (95% CI: 1.7%, 3.3%), and hematuria was 4.6% (95% CI: 3.3%, 6.0%). Approximately 13.6% (95% CI: 12.0%, 15.1%) of the patients had at least one indicator of renal damage, but only 8.3% were previously aware. Age, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, use of nephrotoxic medications, coronary heart disease and history of CKD were independently associated with impaired renal function and urinary abnormalities. Additionally, age, diabetes, and hypertension were independently associated with albuminuria. Age, hypertension, hyperuricemia, central obesity, and coronary heart disease were independently associated with reduced renal function.

Conclusions

The high prevalence and low awareness of impaired renal function and urinary abnormalities in this population illustrates the urgent need to implement a CKD prevention program in the rural areas of southern China.  相似文献   

15.
乙型肝炎病毒感染血清流行病学规律的研究   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
1984~1987年,在湖南、河南、河北、黑龙江4个试点区,整群抽样采血10 484人,采血率达80%以上。HBsAg、抗-HBs和抗-HBc均用RIA法检测。结果4个点乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)标化感染率为58.2%。HBV感染率随年龄增长而升高,7岁时为51.6%,25岁时达63.7%,接近高峰值。HBsAg标化阳性率为10.1%。HBsAg阳性率显示两个高峰,一个在2~8岁时,即儿童峰。从零岁的3.8%至2周岁时的12.5%,已达高峰。湖南的儿童峰值较其它3个试点区高。故HBsAg阳性率南高北低的现象仍然存在(P<0.01)。另一个峰在20~45岁,即成人峰。 抗-HBs标化阳性率为32.2%。HBsAg:抗-HBs之比值,5岁以内为1:1,10岁以后上升为l:3.3~5.9。抗-HBc标化阳性率为45.5%。此结果表明,调查地区均为HBV高感染区,感染主要发生在儿童期。故新生儿是预防乙型肝炎的重点人群。  相似文献   

16.
The present study attempts to study the age pattern mortality and prospects through Lee-Carter approach. The objectives of the study are to examine the trend of mortality decline and life expectancy. Contemporaneously, we have projected life expectancy up to 2025, projecting ASDR using Lee-Carter method. Life table aging rate (LAR) used to estimate the rate of mortality deceleration. Overtime, LAR increased and during recent decade it remained more or less unchanged. By age, LAR significant increased in the oldest of old. The slope is steepest in the oldest of old in the recent decade. The rates of mortality increased in oldest of old as the age group is more vulnerable to chronic disease and vulnerable to identifiable risk factors for virtually every disease, marked by senility. The analysis revealed that the level of mortality is not declining but rate of acceleration is declining and is further expected to decline. By the year 2025, the age specific death rates for the age group 5–9 and 10–14 will go below one per thousand.Life expectancy will attained as high as 73 and 79 years for male and female and is further expected to increase linearly. 71 percent of total female birth and 57 percent of total male birth will survive up to age 70+. Also the findings revealed that mortality rate is declining with constant rate up to age 70 and thereafter, the mortality rate accelerates and this holds true for both sexes.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, a field research regarding groundwater contamination with fluoride and its related health risks to human health was carried out in 39 rural areas of Gonabad and Bajestan, Iran, in 2017. The results indicated that fluoride levels in two rural areas exceeded the WHO guideline. A total of 55% and 4.7% of the studied rural areas in Gonabad and Bajestan, respectively, had fluoride levels below the minimum recommended value of WHO for fluoride (0.5 mg/L). In this article, chronic non-cancer risks to three different groups of people, adults, children, and infants, for exposure to the fluoride were assessed. Health risk index values for fluoride contamination for 44% and 90% of children and infants in rural areas of Gonabad and Bajestan, respectively, were more than unity (>1), which clearly reveals that these age groups at the studied areas are at the chronic health risk due to the intake of fluoride-containing water. The order of fluoride contribution to non-carcinogenic health risk among the studied age groups was infants > children > adults. Therefore, from a public health viewpoint, it would be prudent and important that risk reduction measures be implemented to diminish the total body burden of fluoride in residents.  相似文献   

18.

Background

Natural history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is not very well documented. Clinical experience suggests that paroxysmal AF could progress to chronic AF with estimates ranging between 15 and 30% over a period of 1–3 years. We performed an epidemiologic study to elucidate the natural history of paroxysmal AF, this study estimated its incidence in a general practice setting, identified associated factors and analyzed the progression into chronic AF as well as the mortality rate.

Methods

Using the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD), we identified patients aged 40–89 years with a first-recorded episode of paroxysmal AF during 1996. Risk factors were assessed using 525 incident paroxysmal AF cases confirmed by the general practitioner (GP) and a random sample of controls. We follow-up paroxysmal AF patients and estimated their mortality rate and progression to chronic AF.

Results

The incidence of paroxysmal AF was 1.0 per 1,000 person-years. Major risk factors for paroxysmal AF were age and prior valvular heart disease, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure and hyperthyroidism. During a mean follow-up of 2.7 years, 70 of 418 paroxysmal AF patients with complete information progressed to chronic AF. Risk factors associated with progression were valvular heart disease (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.0) and moderate to high alcohol consumption (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0). Paroxysmal AF patients did not carry an increased risk of mortality, compared to an age and sex matched sample of the general population. There was a suggestion of a small increased risk among patients progressing to chronic AF (RR 1.5, 96% CI 0.8–2.9).

Conclusion

Paroxysmal AF is a common arrhythmia in the general practice setting, increasing with age and commonly associated with other heart diseases. It sometimes is the initial presentation and then progress to chronic AF. A history of valvular heart disease and alcohol consumption are associated with this progression.  相似文献   

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