五联检检测3988例阴道分泌物结果分析

目的 探讨过氧化氢浓度、唾液酸酶、白细胞酯酶、脯氨酸氨基肽酶和乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶检测对阴道微生态的改变所致妇科疾病的诊断意义.方法 对妇科门诊3 988例阴道分泌物进行五联检检测及Amsel法的检测.结果 五联检法检测3 988例阴道分泌物的结果阳性率:细菌性阴道病(BV)为30.1%,念珠菌为40.1%,滴虫为21....     

1713例女性阴道微生态检测结果

目的检测具有阴道不适症状的可疑阴道炎患者阴道微生态情况。方法选择2017年7月1日-2017年12月31日1 713例有阴道不适症状的可疑阴道炎患者为研究对象,采集阴道分泌物,主要利用光学显微镜镜检和五联检酶化学法检测。镜检细胞成分、病原体、清洁度等,酶化学法有过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、唾液酸苷酶(SNA)、白细胞酯酶(LE)、β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶(GUS)和凝固酶(GADP)五项。结果 1 713例阴道分泌物中,镜检细胞成分WBC++及以上阳性793例,占46.29%;RBC为61例,占3.56%。病原体检查霉菌280例,占16.35%;滴虫24例,占1.40%;清洁度Ⅲ级与Ⅳ级共943例,占55.05%;全体平均pH值为4.56±0.26;酶学检查H_2O_2和LE阳性数分别为696例和769例,阳性占比为40.63%和44.89%;AV致病菌497例,占29.01%;BV致病菌221例,占12.90%。结论具有阴道不适症状的患者阴道微生态环境较差,损伤性严重,致病菌多。     

女性体检人群生殖道病原体的分布

目的了解体检妇女人群生殖道感染情况,为女性生殖道感染的防治提供进一步的资料。方法对1157例参加健康体检的妇女的阴道后穹窿及宫颈分泌物标本进行显微镜镜检以检测阴道清洁度、真菌、滴虫等,同时采用培养法对淋球菌、解脲支原体、人型支原体、真菌等进行检测,沙眼衣原体则采用免疫层析法;检测结果进行统计学分析。结果女性生殖道感染的感染率为54.0%,其中混合感染率为9.3%,而清洁度异常率仅为23.8%;前3位病原体依次为解脲支原体(35.3%)、衣原体(22.2%)、真菌(5.5%);年轻妇女组与年老组支原体的检出率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论女性生殖道感染情况严重,支原体、衣原体等感染隐匿,加强对育龄妇女的监测尤为重要。     

青海高原地区7325例 藏族妇女阴道分泌物五联检测

目的了解青海高原地区藏族妇女阴道分泌物病原体感染情况。方法对本院2016年7月至2016年12月妇科门诊就诊的7 325例患者阴道分泌物五联检测结果进行回顾性分析。结果 7 325例阴道分泌物样本中过氧化氢阳性占82.8%,唾液酸苷酶阳性占53.5%,白细胞酯酶阳性占74.6%,β-葡萄糖醛酸苷酶阳性占75.9%,凝固酶阳性占70.5%。阴道分泌物样本中乳杆菌少或无占82.8%,其检出病原菌5 771例,阳性检出率为78.8%。各种阴道炎的构成比中需氧菌性阴道炎(AV)占25.4%,细菌性阴道炎(BV)占17.8%,念珠菌性阴道炎(VVC)占11.5%,滴虫性阴道炎(TV)占9.3%,混合性感染占36.0%。结论青海高原地区藏族妇女阴道病比较常见的是AV、BV、VVC,TV也多发,广大妇女应该给予重视,定期进行阴道分泌物常规检查,以便及时发现疾病,采取有效的防治措施,避免性传播疾病感染扩散。     

海宁地区19519例女性生殖道感染情况分析及临床意义探讨

目的通过对19 519例门诊阴道分泌物标本的检测,探讨阴道炎病原体的分布情况和定期进行阴道分泌物检查的意义。方法通过显微镜镜检等方法检测19 519例阴道分泌物标本的清洁度、假丝酵母菌、线索细胞、滴虫等。结果 19 519例标本中,共检出阴道炎9 142例,占46.84%,病因不明的阴道炎占26.83%。假丝酵母菌、线索细胞及滴虫检出率分别为15.30%、3.84%、0.87%。各种病原体感染既可单独存在,也可混合感染。清洁度Ⅲ~Ⅳ度的患者中病原菌检出率明显高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ度(P0.05)。结论阴道炎在门诊病例中的比例非常高,女性应定期进行阴道分泌物检查,并对育龄妇女和老年女性开展阴道感染防治健康教育以降低生殖泌尿系感染风险。     

阴道分泌物微生态检测指标的临床应用

目的为向妇科临床诊断、疗效观察、治愈标准判定、微生态状况提供依据。方法对1935例门诊妇女阴道分泌物进行过氧化氢浓度、唾液酸苷酶、白细胞酯酶3项指标联合检测,结合运用涂片多项检验快速染色镜检技术(GTB)进行比对检测。结果573例过氧化氢(H2O2)浓度<2μmol/L的阴道分泌物主要指标检出率为:少量乳酸杆菌为97.0%、唾液酸苷酶为34.2%、线索细胞为25.5%、白细胞酯酶为74.3%、白细胞计数≥15/高倍视野为90.4%、滴虫10.3%、霉菌21.5%;1362例过氧化氢≥2μmol/L的检出率为:少量乳酸杆菌为4.1%、唾液酸苷酶为8.6%、线索细胞为8.2%、白细胞酯酶为36.0%、白细胞计数≥15/高倍视野为55.9%、滴虫2.1%、霉菌11.9%,2组各项指标差异有非常显著性(P>0.01)。结论过氧化氢浓度检测可作为阴道微生态状况敏感指标,可替代阴道杆菌镜检判断,唾液酸苷酶可作为细菌性阴道病诊断的可行依据,提示阴道加德纳菌等大量病原菌定居和繁殖,白细胞酯酶可提示阴道分泌物有大量多核白细胞,提示阴道黏膜受损可与染色镜检互相印证。     

细菌性阴道病联合检测技术在阴道感染诊断中的应用

目的探讨细菌性阴道病(BV)联合检测技术在阴道感染诊断中的应用价值。方法取2009年9月至2010年2月至苏州市木渎人民医院妇科门诊就诊的6 500例育龄期妇女阴道分泌物,分别对霉菌、滴虫、清洁度进行生理盐水涂片的检测与过氧化氢、唾液酸苷酶和白细胞酯酶三项联合测定。结果应用湿片镜检发现霉菌性阴道炎1 274例,阳性率为19.6%,滴虫性阴道炎195例,阳性率为3.0%。应用BV三项联合技术测定6 500例患者的阴道分泌物,BV阳性1 612例,阳性率为24.8%,其中BV合并霉菌性阴道炎感染465例,占BV发病的28.9%,BV合并滴虫感染79例,占BV发病的4.9%。结论三项联合检测技术操作简单、快速、准确,从功能学分别反映阴道正常菌和致病菌的指标,可与白带常规镜检互补,建议作为阴道分泌物常规检查对阴道感染进行筛查。     

3560例白带显微镜镜检法和阴道炎五联法检测结果比较分析

目的 探讨阴道炎五联检法与显微镜镜检法在白带常规检测中的应用比较及阴道炎五联检卡在白带检测中的应用价值.方法 3560例妇科门诊患者的白带同时用阴道炎五联检法和显微镜镜检法进行检测.结果 阴道炎五联检法与显微镜镜检法在白带常规检测中清洁度判断、乳酸杆菌、滴虫以及细菌性阴道病方面差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在真菌的检测方面差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 阴道炎五联检卡操作简便、灵敏度高、专业的软件分析、结果科学准确,是白带检测较为理想的方法.     

妊娠中晚期阴道微生态失调及乳酸菌胶囊干预对不良妊娠结局的作用

目的观察妊娠中晚期妇女阴道微生态状况,探讨应用乳杆菌活菌胶囊纠正阴道微生态失调对不良妊娠结局的预防价值。方法选择孕13~36周单胎妊娠期妇女560例,取其阴道分泌物,经革兰染色后油镜下观察,进行阴道微生态(阴道菌群的密集度、多样性、优势菌、炎症反应等)状况评价,检测阴道分泌物成分、阴道病原菌类型。对阴道微生态失调孕妇,根据是否接受乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组给予乳杆菌活菌胶囊,对照组不采用药物干预。追踪随访所有孕妇的妊娠情况,比较阴道微生态正常组、微生态失调治疗组及微生态失调对照组的不良妊娠结局。结果 560例研究对象中,阴道微生态正常335例(59.82%),微生态失调225例(40.18%)。225例微生态失调孕妇中,细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis,BV)32例(14.22%),阴道假丝酵母菌病(vulvovaginal candidiasis,VVC)56例(24.89%),滴虫性阴道炎(triehomonal vaginitis,TV)11例(4.89%),BV和VVC混合感染4例(1.78%),BV和TV混合感染3例(1.33%),菌群增殖过度75例(33.33%),菌群抑制44例(19.56%)。微生态失调组pH值4.5、过氧化氢、白细胞酯酶、唾液酸苷酶、脯氨酸氨基肽酶、乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶阳性比例均明显高于微生态正常组(χ2=55.59~340.06,Ps0.05)。微生态失调孕妇中,治疗组135例,对照组90例,对照组胎膜早破、早产、产褥感染、新生儿感染及低出生体重儿发生率均明显高于微生态正常组(χ2=12.63~32.42,Ps0.05)和微生态失调治疗组(χ2=5.16~12.28,Ps0.05),微生态正常组与微生态失调治疗组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妊娠中晚期容易导致阴道微生态失调,造成不良妊娠结局,乳杆菌活菌胶囊纠正阴道微生态失调对于改善不良妊娠结局有较好的预防作用。     

阴道菌群结构分析在 宫腔粘连患者中的临床意义

目的对宫腔粘连患者菌群结构进行评价,探讨阴道微生态在宫腔粘连中的临床意义。方法选取2014年8月至2016年8月在我院计划生育病区诊断为宫腔粘连的患者100例为试验组,同期门诊100例健康体检者为对照组。对其阴道分泌物进行湿片镜检及微生态学检测,比较两组研究对象的阴道微生态情况。结果宫腔粘连组与对照组在阴道分泌物的多样性、密集度、优势菌、pH、清洁度和病原体检出率等方面比较差异有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。宫腔粘连组阴道微生态失调检出率(48%)高于对照组(31%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宫腔粘连患者阴道微生态失调发生率明显增高,阴道微生态失调可能与宫腔粘连的发生有关。     

Changes in lactate dehydrogenase activity in chicken tissues in hyperthyreosis in ontogenesis

The lactate dehydrogenase activity in reactions of lactate oxidation and synthesis was studied in subfractions of the chicken brain, heart and liver at the embryonal, early postembryonal and adult stages of development after thyroxine administration. It has been shown that during embryogenesis thyroxine predominantly enhanced the rate of lactate oxidation in the mitochondrial tissues. A marked increase in the lactate synthesis was found in cytoplasm of the adult chicken tissues. Specificity of enzyme activity alterations was detected in the chicken brain during ontogenesis after thyroxine administration.     

Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine

In order to determine if the absence of vitamin C in the diet of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) causes scurvy, a group of seven young individuals were fed food pellets without ascorbic acid, while another group of eight individuals received the same food with 1 g of ascorbic acid per animal per day. Animals in the first group developed signs of scurvy-like gingivitis, breaking of the incisors and death of one animal. Clinical signs appeared between 25 and 104 days from the beginning of the trial in all individuals. Growth rates of individuals deprived of vitamin C was considerably less than those observed in the control group. Deficiency of ascorbic acid had a severe effect on reproduction of another population of captive capybaras. We found that the decrease in ascorbic acid content in the diet affected pregnancy, especially during the first stages. The results obtained suggest that it is necessary to supply a suitable quantity of vitamin C in the diet of this species in captivity.     

Role for dopamine in malonate-induced damage in vivo in striatum and in vitro in mesencephalic cultures

Defects in mitochondrial energy metabolism have been implicated in the pathology of several neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, the reactive metabolites generated from the metabolism and oxidation of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) are thought to contribute to the damage to neurons of the basal ganglia. We have previously demonstrated that infusions of the metabolic inhibitor malonate into the striata of mice or rats produce degeneration of DA nerve terminals. In the present studies, we demonstrate that an intrastriatal infusion of malonate induces a substantial increase in DA efflux in awake, behaving mice as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Furthermore, pretreatment of mice with tetrabenazine (TBZ) or the TBZ analogue Ro 4-1284 (Ro-4), compounds that reversibly inhibit the vesicular storage of DA, attenuates the malonate-induced DA efflux as well as the damage to DA nerve terminals. Consistent with these findings, the damage to both DA and GABA neurons in mesencephalic cultures by malonate exposure was attenuated by pretreatment with TBZ or Ro-4. Treatment with these compounds did not affect the formation of free radicals or the inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation resulting from malonate exposure alone. Our data suggest that DA plays an important role in the neurotoxicity produced by malonate. These findings provide direct evidence that inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase causes an increase in extracellular DA levels and indicate that bioenergetic defects may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases through a mechanism involving DA.     

SSTR5 ablation in islet results in alterations in glucose homeostasis in mice

Somatostatin (SST) peptide is a potent inhibitor of insulin secretion and its effect is mediated via somatostatin receptor 5 (SSTR5) in the endocrine pancreas. To investigate the consequences of gene ablation of SSTR5 in the mouse pancreas, we have generated a mouse model in which the SSTR5 gene was specifically knocked down in the pancreatic beta cells (betaSSTR5Kd) using the Cre-lox system. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that SSTR5 gene expression was absent in beta cells at three months of age. At the time of gene ablation, betaSSTR5Kd mice demonstrated glucose intolerance with lack of insulin response and significantly reduced serum insulin levels. Insulin tolerance test demonstrated a significant increase of insulin clearance in vivo at the same age. In vitro studies demonstrated an absence of response to SST-28 stimulation in the betaSSTR5Kd mouse islet, which was associated with a significantly reduced SST expression level in betaSSTR5Kd mice pancreata. In addition, betaSSTR5Kd mice had significantly reduced serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels at 12 months of age. Glucose tolerance test at an older age also indicated a persistently higher insulin level in betaSSTR5Kd mice. Further studies of betaSSTR5Kd mice had revealed elevated serum C-peptide levels at both 3 and 12 months of age, suggesting that these mice are capable of producing and releasing insulin to the periphery. These results support the hypothesis that SSTR5 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in the mouse pancreas.     

2016年中国植物科学若干领域重要研究进展

2016年中国植物科学持续稳步发展, 表现在中国植物科学家在国际主流高影响力学术期刊发表文章的数量稳中有升, 中国植物科学领域的期刊逆风出行, 进入研究性期刊世界前三甲行列。中国科学家在植物学诸多领域取得了丰硕的成果。水稻(Oryza sativa)产量性状杂种优势的分子遗传机制解析入选2016年中国科学十大进展; 植物受精过程中雌雄配子体信号识别机制的研究和独脚金内酯的受体感知机制入选2016年生命科学十大进展。我国植物科学, 特别是以水稻为代表的作物研究在国际学术界已占有一席之地。例如, 在水稻组学(如基因组和转录组等)资源和技术平台的建立、重测序的开发及功能基因的克隆和调控网络的解析方面取得了系列重要成果(如揭示了独脚金内酯信号转导的“去抑制化激活”机制、从分子水平上阐释了水稻籼粳杂种不育和广亲和性基因S5的作用机理及发现了控制水稻耐冷的基因组位点), 已经引领世界水稻乃至作物科学研究。该文对2016年中国本土植物科学若干领域取得的重要研究进展进行了概括性评述, 旨在全面追踪当前中国植物科学领域的发展前沿和研究热点, 与读者共享我国科学家所取得的杰出成就。