变灰青霉固态发酵降解植酸的初步研究

从发霉植酸钠溶液中分离到一株产植酸酶的变灰青霉（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｃａｎｅｓｃｅｎｓ）Ｐ４。以麸皮：玉米面：黄豆饼粉＝７：２：１为主要培养基成份,用优选法确定最适培养基为在上述基本培养基中添加４％（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４,１％葡萄糖,１．５倍水,自然ｐＨ。发酵过程的动态分析表明,该菌在上述条件下２８℃恒温培养６ｄ后植酸降解率可达９０％;无机磷含量由０．１３％增至０．５７％;可溶性蛋白含量由３．８０％增至７．６０％。用４％ＣａＣｌ_２·２Ｈ_２Ｏ水溶液抽提     

里氏木霉纤维素酶产生条件的研究

通过对培养基、水份含量、氮源、培养时间、培养基的起始PH以及培养温度的研究,测定TrichodermareeseiGAB纤维素酶的C₁酶和Cx酶的酶活,找到了一个最佳的条件,即：稻草粉：花生壳=4：1,物料：水份=2：3,以NH₄Cl、（NH₄）₂SO₄、NH₄H₂PO₄为氮源,起始pH为自然pH（约5．8）,在28℃     

黑曲霉A3木聚糖酶固体发酵研究

筛选了一株高产木聚糖酶的黑曲霉Ａ３菌株,研究了其在固体培养基中的发酵条件。该菌最适培养条件为：起始ｐＨ４．６。２８℃,１ｍｌ孢子悬液接种量,蔗渣粉：麸皮为１．５：１,发酵３天,木聚糖酶活力可达５１４７ＩＵ／ｇ培养基干重。氮源组成,温度、ｐＨ及发酵时间对曲中木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的比例有较大影响。与液体发酵相比,粗酶的最适反应温度均为５５℃,最适反应ｐＨ值分别为４．６和４．２,在不同温度下保温１ｈ,测得     

植物细胞离析酶的制备和应用

用 Aspergillus sp．A-19菌经固体发酵研制成一种新的植物细胞离析酶(SeparatasezA—P)。其离析单细胞的酶活力平均为70 767u／g,有效作用的pH在3．0—7．0,温度为20—45℃。发酵培养基配方是麸皮：桔皮粉：(NH₄)₂SO₄(w／w)为100:100:O．63,料水比为1 :2．0,培养适宜条件为25℃、60小时。     

康宁木霉液体深层发酵生产纤维素酶

以康宁木霉（ Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａ　ｋｏｎｉｎｇｉｉ） Ｔ２１５为生产菌,在 ３０ｔ气升式发酵罐中进行了液体深层发酵生产纤维素酶的扩大试验。一、二级罐种子培养基由８％麦麸组成,种龄２４ｈ。产酶培养基由６％稻草粉,１％麦麸和１％蛋白胨组成,起始ｐＨ５．０。每罐装２２ｔ培养基,１０％接种量,通气量０．４ｖｖｍ,罐压０．０８ＭＰａ,２９℃±１℃培养 ９６ｈ。连续试验 ５批,平均发酵液酶活力： ＣＭＣ－Ｎａ活力 ７８．３ＩＵ／ｍＬ,脱脂棉活力 １.３ＩＵ／ｍＬ,水杨苷活力１.４ＩＵ／ｍＬ,滤纸活力     

酸性木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及产酶条件

从１５０株真菌中筛选到８株产木聚糖酶活力在１００Ｕ／ｍＬ以上的菌株,其中活力最高的为黑曲霉（编号１４９）（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）。该菌株产酶较适培养基为：麸皮半纤维素４％,ＮａＮＯ３１％,麸皮１％,用不加（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４和尿素的Ｍａｎｄｅｌｓ氏营养盐液配制。２８℃～３０℃振荡培养６０ｈ,酶活力最高可达３７５．２Ｕ／ｍＬ。该酶最适作用ｐＨ为４６,在ｐＨ３～１１之间基本稳定。该菌株发酵液中含有木聚糖酶（相对活力１００）外还有淀粉酶（１８）,甘露聚糖酶（０９８）,β木糖苷酶（０９４）和纤维素酶（０１７）。     

产纤维素酶菌株宇佐美曲霉Y-11产酶条件及酶性质的研究

通过正交试验,对宇佐美曲霉纤维素酶固态发酵条件进行了研究,其较适培养基为：麸皮与稻草配比为２：３,氮源：尿素,含水量：２００％（液固比）,ｐＨ：５．５。２８－３０℃培养７２小时,ＣＭＣ酶活力为５．０５（ｕ／ｍｌ）,滤纸酶活力达到１．０４（ｕ／ｍｌ）。ＣＭＣ酶及滤纸酶最适ｐＨ分别为４．４１、６．０６;最适温度分别为６５℃、５５℃。酶的热稳定性与ｐＨ稳定性较高。     

液化沙雷氏菌胞外脂肪酶产生条件的研究

新分离的一株液化沙雷氏菌（Ｓｅｒｒａｔｉａｌｉｑｕｅｆａｃｉｅｎｓ）能产生大量胞外碱性脂肪酶,本文在摇瓶发酵水平上考察了培养基组成、培养条件等因素对其生成脂肪酶的影响。在优选条件下,即培养基组成为（％）玉米油１．２５,豆饼粉２．０,蛋白胨１．０,酵母膏０．２,Ｋ_２ＨＰＯ_４０．２,ＭｇＳＯ_４·７Ｈ_２Ｏ０．１,初始ｐＨ为７．２５时,２８℃,１５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ旋转摇床振荡培养４０ｈ,该菌株的发酵液酶活达到４３ｕ／     

尖镰孢胞外青霉素V酰化酶的产生

由腐殖土中分离出一株产胞外青霉素Ｖ酰化酶的尖镰孢（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ）,编号ＦＰ９４１。研究了该菌在液体培养基中产胞外青霉素Ｖ酰化酶的条件。在以１０％麦麸为碳源的培养基中,添加氮源能促进酶的形成。无机氮源优于有机氮源。（ＮＨ_４）_２ＨＰＯ_４的促进效果最佳,草酸铵次之,用量均为１％。为提高产酶量,培养基中添加诱导物是必要的、苯氧乙酸的诱导效果最佳,用量为０．１％,其次是青霉素Ｖ,用量为０．３％。最适培养条件为：培养     

新月弯孢霉原生质体制备及再生条件的研究

以从自然界中筛选的新月弯孢霉（Ｃｕｒｖｕｌａｒｉａｌｕｎａｔａ）Ｄ－１为出发菌株,进行原生质体制备及再生条件的研究。将培养至１６ｈ的Ｄ－１菌丝体经ＤＴＴ溶液处理３０ｍｉｎ后,用溶壁酶和纤维素酶的混合酶液于３０℃下酶解４ｈ,原生质体释放量达到６．０×１０^６个／ｍＬ,原生质体再生率为８．３％。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Enterovirus 71 3C proteolytically processes the histone H3 N-terminal tail during infection

Highlights
1. The N-terminal tail of histone H3 is specifically cleaved during EV71 infection.
2. Viral protease 3C is identified as a protease responsible for proteolytically processing the N-terminal H3 tail.
3. Our finding reveals a new epigenetic regulatory mechanism for Enterovirus 71 in virus-host interactions.     

Detection of EBV and HHV6 in the Brain Tissue of Patients with Rasmussen’s Encephalitis

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neurological disorder, and the exact etiology is not clear. Viral infection may be involved in the pathogenesis of RE, but conflicting results have reported. In this study, we evaluated the expression of both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus (HHV) 6 antigens in brain sections from 30 patients with RE and 16 control individuals by immunohistochemistry. In the RE group, EBV and HHV6 antigens were detected in 56.7% (17/30) and 50% (15/30) of individuals, respectively. In contrast, no detectable EBV and HHV6 antigen expression was found in brain tissues of the control group. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in 20.0% (6/30) of individuals. In particular, a 4-year-old boy had a typical clinical course, including a medical history of viral encephalitis, intractable epilepsy, and hemispheric atrophy. The co-expression of EBV and HHV6 was detected in neurons and astrocytes in the brain tissue, accompanied by a high frequency of CD8⁺ T cells. Our results suggest that EBV and HHV6 infection and the activation of CD8⁺ T cells are involved in the pathogenesis of RE.     

Perinatal Vertical Transmission of Chikungunya Virus in Ruili,a Town on the Border between China and Myanmar

正Dear Editor,Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an arbovirus in the family of Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, is transmitted by the A.aegyptii or A. albopictus mosquito, and causes disease in humans characterized by fever, rash, and arthralgia (Silva and Dermody 2017; Suhrbier 2019). It was first reported in 1953 in Tanzania, and caused only a few outbreaks and sporadic cases in Africa and Asia in last century. However, in the epidemic in 2004, CHIKV acquired mutations that conferred enhanced transmission by the A. albopictus mosquito(Schuffenecker et al. 2006). Since then, it has successively caused outbreaks in Africa, the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, the South America, and Europe (Zeller et al. 2016).     

Development of a Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2

In conclusion, the novel visual RT-LAMP assay is a simple, rapid, and sensitive approach for detection of SARS-CoV-2, and it is ready for application in primary care and community hospitals or health care centers, and even patients' own houses in response to the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic because the assay does not require sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel. Furthermore, it is also ready to be used in fields for screening samples from wild animals and environments to facilitate the identification of potential intermediate hosts that mediate the cross-species transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from bats to humans.