外界因子对条斑紫菜自由壳孢子囊枝形成和生长影响

主要研究了不同光照周期(8L:16d、12L:12d和16L:8d)、不同温度(15℃、20℃和25℃)、不同光照强度(29、42、57、72和86μmol m-2·s-1)等外界因子对条斑紫菜自由丝状藻丝切断诱导形成壳孢子囊枝影响,以期获得条斑紫菜壳自由孢子囊枝形成的最佳外界条件.结果表明,在25℃和57μmol m-2·s-1条件培养30d后,短日照(8L:16d)对壳孢子囊枝诱导形成效果最好,其壳孢子囊枝形成率高迭92,5%,50d后几乎达到100%;在25℃和短日照条件培养30d后,光照强度为57μmol m-2·s-1,时,壳孢子囊枝诱导形成率达到最高(92.2%),光照强度过高过低均不利壳孢子囊枝形成;在57μmol m-2·s-1和短日照条件下,当温度为25℃时,壳孢子囊枝形成率最高,形成率随温度下降而减少.在12L:12d光照周期、57μmol m-2·s-1光照强度和25℃温度条件下,自由壳孢子囊枝生长最快,其日平均相对生长率可迭54.43%.以上研究为实现紫菜细胞工程育苗新技术一自由壳孢子囊枝育苗奠定了坚实基础.     

6个不结球白菜品种光合作用特性的研究

对6个不结球白菜品种的光合作用特性进行了研究。结果表明,在800μmol·m-2·s-1的光强下,不结球白菜的净光合速率以‘正大抗热青3号’最高,达16.37μmol CO2·m-2·s-1,其光合作用表观量子效率、羧化效率和水分利用效率也最高,分别为0.0442、0.0854mol·m-2·s-1和6.20μmol CO2·mmol-1H2O;暗呼吸速率以‘绿星’最低,为2.24μmol CO2·m-2·s-1;Pn-PFD响应曲线显示,在光强300μmol·m-2·s-1以下,各品种的净光合速率差异较小,在光强为300~1000μmol·m-2·s-1区段时,净光合速率随着光照强度增加而迅速增加。‘正大抗热青3号’光饱和点最高,达1910.3μmol·m-2·s-1,其光饱和点的净光合速率也最高,达20.2μmol CO2·m-2·s-1;不结球白菜不同品种净光合速率日变化进程相似,不论数值高低均呈双峰曲线型,有明显的“午休”现象。     

藓羽藻的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称藓羽藻(Bryopsis hypnoides). 2材料类别叶状体片段. 3培养条件培养基均为高压灭菌的天然海水,内含0.1mol·L-1NaNO3和0.1 mol·L-1NH3H2PO4.诱导分化的条件为:温度18℃,光照度15 μmol·m-2·s-1,光照时间12 h·d-1.移植后的培养条件为:温度18℃,光照强度20～50μmol·m-2·s-1,光照时间8 h·d-1.     

拟南芥连体和离体叶片光合作用的光响应

测定出 2 5 0 μmol·m-2 ·s-1光强下培养的整株拟南芥连体叶片的光合作用在光强为 80 0 μmol·m-2 ·s-1左右达到光饱和 ,其离体叶片光合作用对光强响应的结果与此类似。自然条件下生长的珊瑚树连体与离体叶片光合作用均在光强约为 10 0 0 μmol·m-2 ·s-1下达到饱和 ,这验证所测得的拟南芥连体和离体叶片光合作用光响应的结果是正确的     

陕北黄土高原辽东栎林分布区北部边界形成的光合作用机制

为阐明辽东栎林分布区边界形成的原因,沿秦岭到陕北黄土高原的水热梯度,选取秦岭北坡(鸡窝子)和陕北黄土高原森林区南部(陈家山)、中部(槐树庄)及北部(下寺湾)4个辽东栎林样地,测定了辽东栎叶片的气体交换与叶绿素荧光参数、气孔密度和气孔大小.结果表明:随着水热梯度由南到北呈现出由凉湿到偏温干的变化,辽东栎叶片最大净光合速率(Pn max)和光饱和点(Lsp)分别由13.34 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1、1489.9 μmol·m-2·s-1显著减少到6.99 μmol CO2·m-2·s-1、1055.6 μmol·m-2·s-1,暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(Lcp)分别由0.313μmol CO2·m-2·s-1、7.49μmol·m-2·s-1显著增加到1.080μmol CO2·m-2·s-1、31.96μmo1.m-2·s-1;初始荧光(Fo)与非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈增加趋势,而PSⅡ实际光化学量子产量(ΦPSⅡ)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)等均显著降低.辽东栎的光合能力沿此梯度逐渐减弱,除黄土高原的陈家山外,其他3个样地辽东栎叶片的气孔密度和气孔大小无显著差异.陕北森林区北部辽东栎叶片的光化学活性和电子传递速率等降低,导致光合速率下降可能是其分布区边界形成的重要影响因素之一.     

温、光、盐对三角褐指藻紫外诱变株生长、总脂及脂肪酸的影响

为了优化微藻培养条件,采用单因子试验研究了不同温度(10、15、20、25、30℃)、不同光照强度(20、40、60、80、100、120μmol·m-2·s-1)和不同盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40)对三角褐指藻紫外诱变株MP-2的影响。结果表明:温、光、盐对MP-2的生长、总脂含量和脂肪酸组成影响显著(P0.05)。MP-2生长和总脂积累的适宜温度为10~25℃,最适20℃;低温有利于EPA和PUFA的积累,15℃时EPA(30.94%)和PUFA(39.53%)较高;MP-2生长的适宜光照强度为20~120μmol·m-2·s-1,最适光强为40μmol·m-2·s-1,低光强有利总脂的积累,光照强度为20~40μmol·m-2·s-1时总脂含量(25.81%~25.26%)较高;光强对PUFA和EPA的积累影响显著(P0.05),光照强度100μmol·m-2·s-1时EPA高达29.15%,光照强度80~100μmol·m-2·s-1时PUFA高达40.22%~40.56%;MP-2生长的适宜盐度为10~40,最适盐度25,高盐有利总脂的积累,盐度30~35时总脂含量高达36.54%~36.66%,低盐有利EPA和PUFA积累,盐度为10~15时EPA高达31.31%~31.46%,盐度15时PUFA最高(44.75%)。     

不同蒿属植物对光强的适应性差异研究

对中国四种蒿属植物(毛莲蒿、蒙古蒿、牡蒿和灰苞蒿)的光合响应曲线进行了研究。结果表明:牡蒿具有高光饱点(411.0μmol·m-2·s-1)和最大光合速率(18.627μmol·m-2·s-1),以及较低的光补偿点(17.867μmol·m-2·s-1),对高光的适应能力最强;灰苞蒿的暗呼吸速率(0.353μmol·m-2·s-1)和表观量子效率(0.038)最低,说明该种对弱光的适应能力较差,且在弱光条件下只能维持较低的生长速率;灰苞蒿水分利用效率随光强的变化趋势与其他三种蒿属植物一致,但总体上维持在一个较高的水平,可能与其对干旱生境的适应有关。光合响应曲线各个拟合指标在种间呈现出了较大的变异,其中光补偿点(L cpμmol·m-2·s-1)和暗呼吸速率(R dayμmol·m-2·s-1)差异达到了显著水平。说明植物功能性状与植物对环境长期适应密切相关,并且这种适应性是稳定可遗传的。     

弱光对樱桃叶片膜脂过氧化的影响

以无性繁殖的一年生莱阳矮樱桃 (PrunuspseudocerasusL .“Laiyang”)幼苗为试材 ,研究了弱光对樱桃叶片膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明 :随着光照强度的减弱 ,樱桃叶片的净光合速率降低 ;而MDA含量和膜保护酶活性在弱光下也发生明显变化 ,其中MDA含量和POD活性上升 ;CAT活性下降 ;SOD在 36 6 μmol·m-2 ·s-1和 5 33.8μmol·m-2 ·s-1光强下活性升高 ,而在 2 2 8.8μmol·m-2 ·s-1和 83.9μmol·m-2 ·s-1光强下活性下降。     

去除和添加凋落物对枫香（Liquidambar formosana）和樟树（Cinnamomum camphora）林土壤呼吸的影响

2007年1月至12月,在长沙天际岭国家森林公园,使用LI-COR-6400-09连接到LI-6400便携式CO2/H2O分析系统,测定亚热带枫香(Liquidambar formosana)和樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)林去除和添加凋落物(931.5 g · m-2a-1和1003.4 g · m-2a-1)的土壤呼吸速率以及5 cm土壤温、湿度,研究凋落物对2种森林生态系统中土壤呼吸速率的影响.结果表明:枫香和樟树林去除和添加凋落物的土壤呼吸速率季节变化显著,在季节动态上的趋势与5 cm土壤温度相似,均呈单峰曲线格局,全年去除凋落物土壤呼吸速率平均值分别为1.132 μmol CO2 · m-2s-1和1.933 μmol CO2 · m-2s-1,分别比对照处理1.397 μmol CO2 · m-2s-1和2.581 μmol CO2 · m-2s-1低18.62%和26.49%;添加凋落物土壤呼吸速率平均值分别为2.363 μmol CO2 · m-2s-1和3.267 μmol CO2 · m-2s-1,分别比对照处理高71.31%和39.18%.两种群落去除和添加凋落物土壤呼吸的季节变化均与5 cm土壤温度呈显著指数相关(P﹤0.001),与5 cm土壤湿度相关性不显著(P>0.05);土壤温度和湿度可以共同解释去除和添加凋落物后土壤呼吸变化的95.2%、93.7%和90.0%、92.8%.枫香和樟树群落去除和添加凋落物土壤呼吸温度敏感性Q10值分别为3.01、3.29和3.02、4.37,均比对照处理Q10值2.98和2.94高.这证明凋落物是影响森林CO2通量的一个重要因子.     

青藏高原高寒草原碳排放及其迁移过程研究

采用箱式法通过对青海省五道梁地区高寒草原生态系统表层土壤含碳温室气体的研究发现 ,该地区高寒草原系统表层土壤 CO2 和 CH4 在 7～ 8月份的平均排放通量分别为 0 .46μmol· m- 2 · s- 1和 - 0 .43× 1 0 - 3μmol·m- 2 ·s- 1,此两种气体的排放通量随时间都有明显的变化特征 ,它们的日变化均为明显的单峰型 ,而且其中 CO2 排放通量的变化明显受大气温度变化的影响。地下土壤中 CO2 和 CH4 气体浓度随深度的增加呈递减趋势 ,进一步的分析表明这两种气体浓度在土壤中与相邻层次的气体浓度有很明显的相关关系 ,尤以永久冻土上层边界附近最为显著。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks,Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

正Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014; Ge et al. 2018).Sequence analysis has shown that MiCV is most closely     

CypA Regulates AIP4-Mediated M1 Ubiquitination of Influenza A Virus

Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase that interacts with the matrix protein (M1) of influenza A virus (IAV) and restricts virus replication by regulating the ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. However,the mechanism by which CypA regulates M1 ubiquitination remains unknown. In this study, we reported that E3 ubiquitin ligase AIP4 promoted K48-linked ubiquitination of M1 at K102 and K104, and accelerated ubiquitin–proteasome-mediated degradation of M1. The recombinant IAV with mutant M1 (K102 R/K104 R) could not be rescued, suggesting that the ubiquitination of M1 at K102/K104 was essential for IAV replication. Furthermore, CypA inhibited AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination by impairing the interaction between AIP4 and M1. More importantly, both the mutations of M1 (K102 R/K104 R) and CypA inhibited the nuclear export of M1, indicating that CypA regulates the cellular localization of M1 via inhibition of AIP4-mediated M1 ubiquitination at K102 and K104, which results in the reduced replication of IAV.Collectively, our findings reveal a novel ubiquitination-based mechanism by which CypA regulates the replication of IAV.