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1.
喻晶华  郭建 《生理学报》1992,44(5):496-501
转铁蛋白能抑制大鼠卵泡颗粒细胞的分化,但其机理尚不清楚。本实验用已烯雌酚处理后分离的大鼠颗粒细胞,观察了转铁蛋白对FSH结合到颗粒细胞,以及在培养过程中对颗粒细胞FSH受体量维持的影响。结果表明,生理浓度范围的转铁蛋白部分地阻断了~(125)I-rFSH结合到颗粒细胞上;将转铁蛋白与FSH一起处理细胞,发现它能剂量依赖性地抑制FSH对颗粒细胞FSH受体的维持作用,并表现为孕酮及雌二醇的分泌减少。  相似文献   

2.
IGF-Ⅰ及其受体、IGF结合蛋白-2和LH受体mRNA在卵泡中的表达   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
罗文祥  祝诚  吴燕婉 《动物学报》1999,45(4):427-434
利用原位杂交和原位DNA-3’末端标记的方法研究了胰岛素样生长因子河(IG-I)、IGF-I受体、IGF结合蛋白-2、和促性腺激素受体的信使核糖核酸(mRNA)在不同生长与闭锁阶段的大鼠卵巢卵泡中表达的变化。结果表明:IGF-I主要在正常生长的初级卵泡、窦前卵泡和小窦状卵泡中表达。在各生长与成熟阶段的卵泡中都检测到IGF-I受体mRNA,闭锁卵泡的IGF-I受体表达降低。窦前与窦状的生长和闭锁卵泡均表达IGFBP-2。促卵泡激素(FSH)受体在窦前和小窦状卵泡的表达水平比其在大卵泡中的高。窦前与小窦状卵泡仅在膜细胞中表达黄体生成素(LH)受体mRNA,大卵泡的膜细胞与颗粒细胞均表达LH受体,在闭锁卵泡中仅在膜细胞中观察到LH受体的信号。综上结果,提示IGF-I,IGF-I受体和FSH受体在窦前和小窦状卵泡中的协同表达对卵泡的早期发育有重要作用。LH受体mRNA特异地在大卵泡的颗粒细胞中表达可能与优势卵泡选择相关。  相似文献   

3.
卵泡刺激素及其受体与肿瘤的相关性   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
卵泡刺激素受体(follicle stimulating hormone receptor,FSHR)被认为只表达在人和哺乳动物的睾丸支持细胞和卵巢颗粒细胞中,在生殖中具有重要作用。最近研究发现,FSHR在多种肿瘤血管内皮细胞表面特异表达,这引起了研究者对该受体与肿瘤尤其是与肿瘤血管形成之间关系的关注。本文主要对FSH和FSHR信号通路及其病理意义和在肿瘤中的作用等方面的研究进展进行综述。  相似文献   

4.
采用相对定量反转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)的方法,以β-actin为内标,测定绍鸭排卵前卵泡F1、F3、F5及大白卵泡(LWF)颗粒层与膜层中GH受体(GHR)、IGF-I型受体(IGF-IR)和FSH受体(FSHR)、LH受体(LHR)mRNA表达水平,以分析生长轴和生殖轴激素对绍鸭卵泡发育的协同调节作用。结果表明:在所测定的各级卵泡中,GHR mRNA在膜层的表达水平均显著高于颗粒层,膜层中大白卵泡表达量最高,而颗粒层中GHR mRNA水平在各级卵泡之间没有明显差异;相反,IGF-IR mRNA在同级卵泡颗粒层的表达水平显著高于膜层,颗粒层和膜层中IGF-IR mRNA表达在各级卵泡之间的差异均不显著,只是大白卵泡的膜层与其他等级卵泡的膜层相比,IGF-IR的表达量呈现较高的趋势;FSHR mRNA表达的变化趋势类似于IGE-IR,同级卵泡颗粒层中的表达量高于膜层;LMR mRNA在各级卵泡膜层中表达没有明显差异,而颗粒层中IMR mRNA随着卵泡发育成熟逐级显著增加,且F5和LWF卵泡膜层的IMR mRNA显著高于颗粒层,与GHR mRNA的表达相似。结果提示,GH和IGF-I调节卵巢功能的优势作用位点和机制不尽相同;GHR和LHR协同表达与IGF-IR和FSHR协同表达可能对卵泡发育起到精细的调节作用;而IMR在卵泡颗粒层中表达的逐级显著增加可能与卵泡等级的建立和排卵有关。  相似文献   

5.
EGF在新生大鼠原始卵泡生长启动中的作用   总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14  
以灵敏的增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)为指标,研究了表皮生长因子(EGF)和FSH对新生大鼠原始卵泡生长启动的作用.结果表明,注射EGF两天,卵巢中有较多的卵泡颗粒细胞(GC)开始增殖由扁平变为立方形,到第4天时GC的增殖状况和层数更加明显;而FSH对卵泡启动在早期无明显作用,直到第7天时才有明显结果.原位杂交显示,抑制素αmRNA从出生后第5天开始表达,FSH受体(FSHR)从第6天开始表达,随后逐渐增强.提示EGF而不是FSH对原始卵泡的生长启动可能起一定的作用,抑制素也可能参与卵泡的早期发育过程.  相似文献   

6.
目的:观察体外培养的大鼠窦前期卵泡颗粒细胞中端粒酶表达的调控因素。方法:体外培养大鼠窦前期卵泡颗粒细胞,加入不同处理因素振荡培养,用端粒酶重复扩增酶联免疫吸附分析法(TRAP-ELISA法)分析端粒酶活性的改变。结果:在卵泡颗粒细胞中表达有端粒酶活性,且在人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hcG)、促卵泡生成素(FSH)、二丁酰环磷腺苷(dbcAMP)及维拉帕米(verapamil)作用下活性明显升高,而在反义c-myb作用下活性明显降低。同时用放射免疫法测定培养液中雌孕激素含量发现,在Verapamil及FSH作用下雌孕激素分泌量明显升高,在db-cAMP及hcG作用下分泌量无明显改变,而在反义c-myb作用下分泌量明显降低,在不同作用因素下的端粒酶活性与它相对应的E2分泌量成正相关r=0.953,P〈0.01。用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定,反义hTERT能明显抑制颗粒细胞的增殖。结论:窦前期卵巢的颗粒细胞中表达有端粒酶活性,强弱可进行调控。  相似文献   

7.
喻晶华  郭建 《生理学报》1994,46(3):209-216
转铁蛋白为一类金属结合-转运糖蛋白,经典的理论阐明其在体内的主要作用是运送铁离子到各器官与组织。根据近两年的研究,转铁蛋白除了转运铁离子的作用外,还具有局部调节卵巢功能的作用,即能抑制FSH诱导大鼠及人卵泡颗粒细胞的功能性分化。转铁蛋白抑制FSH衣导卵泡颗粒细胞分化的主要机理是:(1)转铁蛋白部分地抑制FSH与卵泡颗细胞上的受体结合,减少细胞内cAMP生成,进而抑制了FSH受体的维持表达。(2)转  相似文献   

8.
猪分离卵泡体外培养过程中Fas/FasL对颗粒细胞凋亡的作用   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从猪卵巢分离完整有腔卵泡,按质量分为3类:健康卵泡、早期闭锁卵泡和晚期闭锁卵泡。猪分离卵泡经眼观检查后再行石蜡切片和HE染色,形态学研究表明,眼观检查对于健康卵泡的判定准确率为92%。取健康卵泡按直径大小分为3组:直径>5 mm大卵泡组、3~5 mm中卵泡组和≤3 mm小卵泡组。卵泡培养8、16和24 h,以Annexin-V FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪检测壁层颗粒细胞凋亡情况,结果发现培养卵泡颗粒细胞的总凋亡率(早期凋亡+晚期凋亡)在8 h时就已达到70%以上,至24 h则为81.1%~94.6%。收集无血清培养0、8、16、24、48和72 h的卵泡颗粒细胞,用real time PCR SYBRgreen法检测各组卵泡颗粒细胞FasL和Fas mRNA相对表达量。各级卵泡颗粒细胞中FasL mRNA水平随培养时间显著增加,培养至24 h达最大值(P<0.05);小卵泡颗粒细胞FasL mRNA水平均高于大、中卵泡组。各级卵泡颗粒细胞Fas mRNA相对表达量在培养前(0 h)差异不显著,8 h时显著增加,48 h达最大值。该实验表明,所用无血清卵泡培养体系可有效诱导卵泡颗粒细胞的凋亡,细胞凋亡是卵泡闭锁的主要诱因,但卵泡闭锁程度可因卵泡大小而异,小卵泡似乎更容易发生闭锁。  相似文献   

9.
用DNA 3′-末端标记、免疫组化和原位杂交方法,通过连续切片比较研究了相同卵泡颗粒细胞抑制素亚基和LH受体(LHR)与卵细胞tPA表达和卵泡闭锁的关系.实验结果表明(1) 卵泡闭锁伴随卵细胞tPA活性明显增加;(2) 颗粒细胞抑制素的产生调节卵细胞tPA活性的表达并与卵泡发育状态密切相关;(3) 卵泡闭锁时,颗粒细胞几乎不表达LHR和抑制素亚基.上述结果提示卵细胞的tPA在闭锁卵泡中可能参与卵细胞的自我瓦解和清除过程;颗粒细胞表达的抑制素可能是tPA mRNA翻译的一种抑制因子,如其表达受阻,可导致卵细胞tPA蛋白活性增加引起卵泡闭锁.  相似文献   

10.
血管紧张素Ⅱ在小鼠卵泡闭锁中的作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Cheng Y  Jiao LH  Liu RH  Wang QB  Wang H  Xia GL 《生理学报》2002,54(1):75-78
应用幼年小鼠经孕马血清促性腺激素(pregnant mares serum gonadotropin,PMSG)处理的动物模型,研究了卵泡从发育到闭锁动态变化过程中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的作用。结果表明:(1)24日龄小鼠给予PMSG(10IU/只)后6d时,卵巢中出现大量闭锁卵泡,颗粒细胞DNA琼脂糖电泳显示了梯形条带;(2)随卵泡闭锁发生,卵巢AngⅡ含量增加;(3)AngⅡ显著拮抗FSH刺激颗粒细胞雌二醇生成的作用。我们认为,AngⅡ参与了对小鼠卵泡闭锁的调节。  相似文献   

11.
12.
To identify the mechanisms underlying the hormone-dependent induction and maintenance of luteinizing hormone receptor (LH-R) in rat granulosa cells, the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and local factors on the LH-R mRNA levels were studied. LH-R mRNA levels of the cells incubated with FSH decreased rapidly after medium removal, and readdition of FSH with the fresh medium did not restore these levels. On the other hand, 8-bromoadenosine 3,5-cyclic monophosphate significantly enhanced the expression of LH-R mRNA after medium removal, while the level of LH-R mRNA was lower than that of the cells replaced by original medium including FSH. In addition, the incubation with 8-Br-cAMP produced dose-dependent responses for LH-R mRNAs and enhanced the activity of 1379 bp of the LH-R 5'-flanking region, while the level of LH-R mRNA decreased 3 days after medium removal. Further studies were undertaken to assess the role of factors in maintaining the LH receptor once induced by FSH. Since FSH and cAMP increase follistatin production in granulosa cells, we examined the effect of follistatin on LH-R induction in the presence of activin and FSH. Activin induced LH-R in the presence of FSH significantly, and follistatin antagonized this effect in a dose-dependent manner. However, insulinlike growth factor-I (IGF-I) induced LH-R mRNA in the presence of FSH even after medium change. IGF-I might be one of the important factors that act in the medium to maintain LH-R levels in granulosa cells.  相似文献   

13.
The effect of follistatin on activin-induced granulosa cell differentiation was investigated in freshly harvested granulosa cells from diethylstilbestrol (DES)-treated rats. Activin induced a remarkable change in granulosa cellular morphology from elongated fibroblast-like to round cells, which follistatin prevented. Follistatin itself had no influence on the cellular morphology. We studied the action of follistatin on activin-induced differentiation of granulosa cells cultured in a chemically defined medium. Addition of activin (30 ng/ml) to the culture increased the FSH binding site approximately 2-fold compared with the control (spontaneous expression) level, whereas follistatin reduced the activin-induced expression level to the control level in a concentration-dependent manner. Activin (30 ng/ml) markedly augmented FSH-induced hCG binding and progesterone production by approximately 20-fold, and these effects were suppressed by follistatin in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, addition of follistatin to the culture induced a concentration-dependent decrease of activin-enhanced inhibin-producing activity, but had no effect on FSH-induced inhibin production. These results suggest that follistatin/activin-binding protein binds to activin stoichiometrically to suppress the activin-induced differentiation of rat granulosa cell in vitro, but follistatin itself has no direct effect on activin-independent reactions.  相似文献   

14.
17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17HSD type 1) catalyzes the reduction of estrone (E(1)) to biologically more active estradiol (E(2)). In the present study, the effect of activin, inhibin, and follistatin on 17HSD activity and 17HSD type 1 expression in cultured, unluteinized rat granulosa cells was examined. Furthermore, the effects of these hormones on 17HSD type 1 expression were compared with the expression of P450 aromatase (P450arom). Rat granulosa cells were pre-incubated in serum-free media for 3 days, followed by a 2-day treatment with activin, inhibin, follistatin and 8-Br-cAMP. Activin in increasing concentrations appeared to effect a dose-dependent increase in 17HSD activity. In addition, increasing concentrations of activin also increased 17HSD type 1 mRNA expression. Addition of 8-Br-cAMP at concentrations of 0.25 and 1.5 mmol/l together with activin significantly augmented the stimulatory effects of activin alone in the cultured cells. Neither inhibin, nor follistatin, either alone or in combination with 8-Br-cAMP, had any notable effects on 17HSD activity and 17HSD type 1 expression. Preincubation of activin with increasing concentrations of follistatin significantly diminished the stimulatory effect of activin. In the presence of follistatin, activin did not significantly increase the 8-Br-cAMP-induced 17HSD activity and 17HSD type 1 expression. The culturing of granulosa cells in the presence or the absence of inhibin or follistatin with or without 8-Br-cAMP did not alter the effect of these peptides on P450arom expression in rat granulosa cells as judged by Northern blot analysis of total RNA. However, cAMP-induced P450arom expression was enhanced by activin treatment, except when follistatin was present. This is in line with the suggested role of follistatin as an activin-binding protein, which limits the bioavailability of activin to its membrane receptors. Thus, the results support the notion of a paracrine/autocrine role of activin in follicular steroidogenesis of growing follicles.  相似文献   

15.
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17HSD type 1) catalyzes the reduction of estrone (E1) to biologically more active estradiol (E2). In the present study, the effect of activin, inhibin, and follistatin on 17HSD activity and 17HSD type 1 expression in cultured, unluteinized rat granulosa cells was examined. Furthermore, the effects of these hormones on 17HSD type 1 expression were compared with the expression of P450 aromatase (P450arom). Rat granulosa cells were pre-incubated in serum-free media for 3 days, followed by a 2-day treatment with activin, inhibin, follistatin and 8-Br-cAMP. Activin in increasing concentrations appeared to effect a dose-dependent increase in 17HSD activity. In addition, increasing concentrations of activin also increased 17HSD type 1 mRNA expression. Addition of 8-Br-cAMP at concentrations of 0.25 and 1.5 mmol/l together with activin significantly augmented the stimulatory effects of activin alone in the cultured cells. Neither inhibin, nor follistatin, either alone or in combination with 8-Br-cAMP, had any notable effects on 17HSD activity and 17HSD type 1 expression. Preincubation of activin with increasing concentrations of follistatin significantly diminished the stimulatory effect of activin. In the presence of follistatin, activin did not significantly increase the 8-Br-cAMP-induced 17HSD activity and 17HSD type 1 expression. The culturing of granulosa cells in the presence or the absence of inhibin or follistatin with or without 8-Br-cAMP did not alter the effect of these peptides on P450arom expression in rat granulosa cells as judged by Northern blot analysis of total RNA. However, cAMP-induced P450arom expression was enhanced by activin treatment, except when follistatin was present. This is in line with the suggested role of follistatin as an activin-binding protein, which limits the bioavailability of activin to its membrane receptors. Thus, the results support the notion of a paracrine/autocrine role of activin in follicular steroidogenesis of growing follicles.  相似文献   

16.
In order to test the hypothesis that transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) acts by FS regulation on bovine granulosa cells in in vitro differentiation, we analyzed the effect of TGF-beta1 on follistatin mRNA expression in three differentiation states of bovine granulosa cells. We showed a positive regulation of FS mRNA after TGF-beta1 (1 ng/ml) treatment of freshly isolated granulosa cells from small-medium antral follicles (2-8 mm). This effect was abolished by the addition of exogenous follistatin (100 ng/ml), suggesting that this effect could be mediated by activin. Although these cells showed a similar effect on FS mRNA expression after treatment with activin-A, a soluble form of activin receptor type IIA was unable to inactivate the TGF-beta effect. When we tested the TGF-beta effect on FS mRNA in different granulosa cell states, TGF-beta1 regulation was associated with progesterone production only in freshly isolated cells. The amount of total activin-A produced by first passage cells (dedifferentiated cells), was ten times smaller than the one measured in a conditioned medium from freshly isolated cells (mature cells). The TGF-beta1-dependent FS mRNA expression persisted in first passage cells without changes with FS addition. On the other hand, the BGC-1 granulosa cell line (immature cells) produced large amounts of activin-A regulated by TGF-beta1 and an invariable steady state of FS mRNAs. In summary, our results showed that FS mRNA expression is regulated by TGF-beta1 independently of activin effects in differentiated granulosa cells.  相似文献   

17.
Undifferentiated granulosa cells from prehierarchal (6- to 8-mm-diameter) hen follicles express very low to undetectable levels of LH receptor (LH-R) mRNA, P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage (P450scc) enzyme activity, and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein, and produce negligible progesterone, in vitro, following an acute (3-h) challenge with either FSH or LH. It has previously been established that culturing such cells with FSH for 18-20 h induces LH-R, P450scc, and StAR expression, which enables the initiation of progesterone production. The present studies were conducted to characterize the ability of activin and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, both alone and in combination with FSH, to promote hen granulosa cell differentiation, in vitro. A 20-h culture of prehierarchal follicle granulosa cells with activin A or transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)1 increased LH-R mRNA levels compared with control cultured cells. Activin A and TGFbeta1 also promoted FSH-receptor (FSH-R) mRNA expression when combined with FSH treatment. Neither activin A nor TGFbeta1 alone stimulated progesterone production after 20 h culture. However, preculture with either factor for 20 h (to induce gonadotropin receptor mRNA expression) followed by a 3-h challenge with FSH or LH potentiated StAR expression and progesterone production compared with cells challenged with gonadotropin in the absence of activin A or TGFbeta1 preculture. Significantly, activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway with transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalpha) (monitored by Erk phosphorylation) blocked TGFbeta1-induced LH-R expression, and this effect was associated with the inhibition of Smad2 phosphorylation. We conclude that a primary differentiation-inducing action of activin A and TGFbeta1 on hen granulosa cells from prehierarchal follicles is directed toward LH-R expression. Enhanced LH-R levels subsequently sensitize granulosa cells to LH, which in turn promotes StAR plus P450scc expression and subsequently an increase in P4 production. Significantly, the finding that TGFbeta signaling is negatively regulated by MAP kinase signaling is proposed to represent a mechanism that prevents premature differentiation of granulosa cells.  相似文献   

18.
Activin A regulation of the expression of mRNA for the LH receptor, FSH receptor, and the inhibin alpha subunit as well as the effect of activin A on the secretion of progesterone were investigated in chicken granulosa cell cultures. Granulosa layers were isolated from the F(1) and F(3) + F(4) follicles from five hens, pooled according to size, dispersed, and cultured for 48 h. In experiment 1 (n = 3 replications), granulosa cells were cultured with or without highly purified ovine (o) FSH at 50 ng/ml and in the presence of 0, 10, or 50 ng/ml of recombinant chicken activin A. Experiment 2 (n = 4 replications) followed the same protocol as experiment 1, except that oFSH was replaced with oLH. Results from these experiments showed that addition of activin A to the granulosa cell cultures had no effect on the expression of mRNA for the inhibin alpha subunit or the FSH receptor, but it did affect the expression of mRNA for the LH receptor. Treatment of F(3) + F(4) granulosa cells with LH stimulated the expression of mRNA for the LH receptor; however, when LH was combined with either dose of activin A, this induction was prevented. The highest dose of activin A with or without LH resulted in decreased expression of the LH receptor compared to the untreated controls in the F(3) + F(4) cell cultures. Progesterone secretion by the granulosa cells from both follicle sizes was not altered by activin A. In experiment 3 (n = 3 replications), the effect of activin A on the growth of granulosa cells was examined with the following treatments: 0, 10, or 50 ng/ml of activin A; 50 ng/ml of either oLH or oFSH; and oLH or oFSH combined with 10 ng/ml of activin A. The highest dose of activin reduced the rate of granulosa cell proliferation in both follicle types. Growth of F(1) and F(3) + F(4) granulosa cells was stimulated by the addition of either gonadotropin, and the presence of 10 ng/ml of activin A with either gonadotropin did not alter this proliferation, except for the LH-treated F(3) + F(4) granulosa cells, in which the increase in proliferation was prevented. The results suggest that activin A could act as a local factor that regulates follicular maturation by preventing excessive or untimely LH receptor expression.  相似文献   

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Recent reports suggest that activin (the dimer of inhibin beta subunits with FSH-releasing activity) has specific receptors on ovarian granulosa cells. The present study examined the effects of purified porcine activin on inhibin secretion and mRNA levels in granulosa cells obtained from immature, estrogen-treated rats. Cells were cultured for 48 h in culture media, or media containing FSH (10 ng/ml) and/or activin (30 ng/ml). Western blot analyses performed with affinity-purified antisera to inhibin alpha- and beta A-subunits revealed that treatment with either FSH or activin increased the secretion of inhibin alpha beta dimer (Mr 30,000), with a further increase after cotreatment. These results were confirmed by an inhibin alpha-subunit RIA, which revealed 7-, 14-, and 71-fold increases in the secretion of immunoreactive inhibin-alpha by activin, FSH, and activin plus FSH, respectively. TGF beta, a structural homolog of activin, also stimulated inhibin release, whereas follistatin was ineffective. Total RNA from cultured cells was hybridized with 32P-labeled inhibin alpha-subunit cRNA or beta-actin cDNA probes, and inhibin-alpha message levels were normalized with beta-actin mRNA levels. Northern blot analysis revealed that treatment with FSH and activin increased hybridization of a 1.5 kilobase (kb) message, corresponding to the inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA. Slot blot analyses indicated a 6- and 8-fold stimulation of inhibin alpha-subunit mRNA levels by FSH and activin, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

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