杜氏盐藻细胞质膜氧化还原系统

杜氏盐藻细胞质膜具的氧化ＮＡＤ（Ｐ）Ｈ,还原Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）＾３－６和Ｏ２的氧化还原系统。当Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）＾３－６浓度为０．６ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,氧化ＮＡＤＨ的Ｋｍ为９６μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｖｍａｘ为１５９ｎｍｏｌ１０＾－８ｃｅｌｌｓｍｉｎ＾－１,最适ｐＨ为８．５。ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００可促进ＮＡＤＨ和Ｆｅ（ＣＮ）＾３－６的氧化还原活性。ＮＡＤＨ能促进藻细胞的氧吸收,最适ｐＨ为８．５。在无外源电子供体存在时,细胞质     

缓激肽对大鼠背根神经节分离神经元ATP激活电流的调制作用

在新鲜分离大鼠背根神经节（ＤＲＧ）的５６个细胞标本上,应用全细胞膜片箝技术进行记录。胞外加缓激肽（ＢＫ,１０＾－６￣１０＾－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）引坊的ＤＲＧ细胞膜反应结果如下：（１）７１．４％的细胞为内向电流,其电流反应的幅值具有明显的浓度信赖性;（２）１２．５％的细胞为外向电流;（３）１６．１％的细胞未引起可检测的膜反应,单独给予ＡＴＰ（１０＾－６￣１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）在大多数受栓细胞（５４／５６）     

对虾的不同发育阶段对有机磷农药的敏感性及其机理初探

对硫磷、甲基异柳磷和久效磷对中国对虾无节幼虫、蚤状幼虫、糠虾幼虫、仔虾的２４ｈＬＣ５０分别为６．０、４．０、３．８、１８×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;８．０、３．５、３．５、３０×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;２４、２４、２４、０．９ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;敌敌畏均为４８×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１;对硫磷对南美白对虾为８．６、８．２、８．０、２．０×１０－３ｍｇ·Ｌ－１．研究结果表明,对虾的幼虫前期对硫代磷酸酯类农药的抗性强,仔虾及以后各期抗性弱,而各幼虫期对磷酸酯类农药的敏感性基本相同．     

汉字识别的眼动特性-字频效应及信道容量

用眼动测量方法,对字频为４＊１０＾－３至１．６＊１０＾－５范围内笔画数为４至１４的常用汉字进行识别实验,结果表明,汉字识别时间与笔画数无关,而是存在识别时间随字频减小而增大的字频效应,     

茶尺蠖感染核型多角体病毒后病死时间分布的数学模拟

本文观察了１４℃,１８℃,２２℃,２６℃,４种恒温和杭州５－６月自然变温下,茶尺蠖各龄初幼虫感染核型多角体病毒后的病死时间分布。结果表明,各恒温下幼虫累计相对病死频率的时间分布趋于一致。病死时间正规化后,同龄幼虫在各恒温下的病死时间分布可用公共Ｔ－分布代表,并可用Ｗｅｉｂｕｌｌ函数很好地加以拟合,采用此法,也可较好地模拟自然变温下幼虫的病死时间分布。     

2.5次微分伏安法对生物品中丙二醛的测定

以０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮＨ４Ｃｌ溶液为介质,用２．５次微分伏安法测定了丙二醛,线性范围为１．０＊１０＾－６至１．０＊１０＾－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,检测限达１．０＊１０＾－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。并测定了细胞培养液介质中新生ＳＤ大鼠室肌细胞样品的丙二醛。     

^60Co—γ辐射对尼氏钝绥螨抗多虫畏性状的诱导及其它生物学效应

本文首次报道了＾６０Ｃｏ－γ射线辐笛射诱导抗药性产生的方法,以２０００拉德的剂量辐射３次,约１年时间培育出尼氏钝绥螨Ａｍｂｌｙｓｅｉｕｓ ｎｉｃｈｏｌｓｉ Ｅｈａｒａ ｅｔ Ｌｅｅ对拟除虫菊酯农药多虫畏具抗性的两个品系：单抗１（ＦＲ１）与双抗（ＰＦＲ）品系。多虫畏对其致死中浓度ＬＣ５０由敏感品系的８．２２×１０＾－５ｐｐｍ分别提高到１．３３４７×１０＾－３和１．４３０７×１０＾－３,抗性水平提高２     

血小板生长因子（PDGF—BB）刺激体外培养兔肺动脉平滑肌细？…

应用细胞培养、＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ和＾３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕｃｉｎｅ掺入方法,观察血小板生长因子ＢＢ对体外培养兔肺动脉平滑肌细胞ＤＮＡ和蛋白质合成的影响。结果表明：（１）当ＰＤＧＦ－ＢＢ浓度为１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ时,＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入值已较对照组显著提高（６２６２．５±４１２．９ｖｓ８３３．５±１２４．０,Ｐ〈０．０５）;当ＰＤＧＦ－ＢＢ浓度为２０ｎｇ／ｍｌ时,＾３Ｈ－Ｌｅｕｃｉｎｅ掺入值亦较对照线显著增高（１０２１２     

安徽虫瘟霉菌株的强毒杀蚜应与侵染速率

报道安徽虫瘟霉（Ｚｏｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａ ａｎｈｕｉｅｎｓｉｓ）菌株Ｆ９７０２８对桃蚜（Ｍｙｚｕｓ ｐｅｒｓｉｃａｅ）的强毒杀蚜活性。以７个孢子剂量（０．４￣１０．４个孢子／ｍｍ＾２）接种２￣３龄若蚜（５２￣８６头／剂量）,连续观察７ｄ,所获数据经时间－剂量－死亡率模型模拟分析,接种后第３￣７ｄ的ＬＤ５０分别为３４．８、８７、１．５、０．７和０．４个孢子／ｍｍ＾２;在所有剂量范围内ＬＴ５０为２．９￣６     

运用油松年轮揭示承德市硫及重金属污染的历史

本文利用油松年轮研究了承德市逢１８００年以来大气污染的历史过程,结果表明：避署出庄油松年轮内Ｓ含量自本世纪初开始升高,比１９世纪初增加１－２倍,至７０－８０年代达３－５倍,而在最近８－１０年则达到１０倍以上,其中碧峰门古松木质部年轮内Ｓ含量由４０－５０μｇ．ｇ＾－１达到目前的５７２．９μｇ．ｇ＾－１,从而指示出承德市大气ＳＯ２浓度由城市化初期的＜０．１ｍｇ．ｍ＾－３增加到目前的３０ｍｇ．ｍ＾－３,     

宿主虫龄对斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒病流行的影响

通过对田间感病幼虫跟踪观察,研究了对斜纹夜蛾不同龄期幼虫喷施斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒后,病毒病在当代种群中的田间流行动态．结果表明,随虫龄的增大,幼虫对病毒的敏感性下降,宿主幼虫病死率降低,病死速率减慢,病死持续时间延长,幼虫病亡和疾病现患始期、高峰期推迟．对不同龄期幼虫喷施病毒后,幼虫每日病死时间分布可用互补重对数模型较好地拟合(Hosmer-Lemoshow统计量检验不显著),模型中各项系数经t检验达极显著水平;疾病现息时间分布可用Holliday模型拟合,模型经F检验显著,方程中各项系数达到或接近显著水平;幼虫逐日病死时间分布可用’Weibull模型、Gompertz模型及Lo—gistic模型较好地拟合,通过用剩余平方和Q比较各模型的拟合程度,表明Gompertz模型拟合效果最好．     

核型多角体病毒与侧沟茧蜂对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的协同作用

研究了斜纹夜蛾幼虫体内的斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂存活率、发育历期、寄主感染病毒时间、病毒浓度之间的关系,并测定了斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂的传毒效率．结果表明,病毒对寄主体内寄生蜂历期无明显影响,寄生在幼虫体内的寄生蜂能在寄主病死前完成发育,存活比例因寄主感染病毒的时间和浓度而异．斜纹夜蛾被寄生后接种病毒(SINPV),距离寄生时间越长,饲毒浓度越低,寄生蜂完成发育的比例越大,但饲毒时间是主要影响因素．从感病幼虫体内发育成的侧沟茧蜂或曾经在感病寄主上产过卵的寄生蜂,以及通过人工方式使产卵器被病毒污染的寄生蜂,均能携带一定数量的病毒．通过产卵活动,侧沟茧蜂成蜂能在寄主幼虫个体间传递病毒．当寄生蜂在感病的寄主幼虫上产卵带毒后,平均可传递病毒给2．14头幼虫;发育于感病幼虫体内的寄生蜂,平均可传递病毒给2．45头幼虫．通过用病毒液浸茧或用混有病毒的蜂蜜饲喂成蜂等方式使产卵器污染病毒的寄生蜂,传毒效率随饲毒浓度增加而提高,平均可传递病毒1．45头和0．94头幼虫     

不同温度下斜纹夜蛾感染核型多角体病毒的流行病模型及模拟

研究了温度对斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒病流行的影响.结果表明,温度在29 ℃以上时,感病幼虫大多在2～3 d开始死亡,4～5 d达到高峰.随着温度的升高,感病幼虫病死率增加,病死速度加快.在试验温度范围内,未发现该病毒的热抑制温度,但感病幼虫死亡速率存在恒定温区,在29～35 ℃之间.感病幼虫的每日病死率可用互补重对数模型较好地拟合,累计病死时间分布可用Gompertz模型拟合,生物物理模型经改进后可很好地描述幼虫病死速率与温度的关系,可用于模拟分析不同温度下的幼虫病死时间分布和幼虫病死速率.     

Host range expansion by recombination of the baculoviruses Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus and Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus.

The mechanisms of host specificity of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs) (Baculoviridae) were analyzed after coinfection of Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV) and one of four distinct groups of Spodoptera litura NPV (SlNPV), including an Autographa californica NPV (AcNPV) variant (S. Maeda, Y. Mukohara, and A. Kondo, J. Gen. Virol. 71:2631-2639, 1990), into various lepidopteran cell lines. Replication of BmNPV in nonpermissive cells (TN-386, SF-21, and CLS-79) was induced by coinfection with AcNPV but not with the other three SlNPV groups. These induced progeny NPVs were plaque purified in BmN cells, which are susceptible to only BmNPV, and characterized. Most of these isolates did not replicate in the cell lines in which they were produced, indicating the existence of a helper function of AcNPV for BmNPV replication in nonpermissive cells. Some of these isolates, however, were able to replicate in cell lines nonpermissive to BmNPV, indicating the appearance of a new virus with wider host specificity. DNA restriction endonuclease analysis showed that the isolates exhibiting wider host range were recombinant viruses between the parents, AcNPV and BmNPV, resulting from various types of crossovers of relatively large areas of their genomes. Expansion of host range was also observed in larvae.     

Identification of Virulent Isolates of the Entomopathogenic Fungus Nomuraea Rileyi (F) Samson for the Management of Helicoverpa Armigera and Spodoptera Litura

Eleven geographical isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)/Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) origin were studied for efficacy against the two host insects. Laboratory bioassays at a concentration of 2 x 10(8) conidia ml(-1) indicated that N. rileyi isolates of S. litura origin were better in terms of time taken for mycosis and mortality in both the test larvae: S. litura (77-80% mortality in 7 days) and H. armigera (79-85% in 8 days). Among the isolates of S. litura origin, geographical isolates from Hyderabad and Karimnagar were superior in terms of high percent kill as well as 100% germination of conidia within 48 h. Fastest germination was observed with Karimnagar isolate followed by Hyderabad isolate. Conidial yield was highest on barley-carrot extract-yeast extract medium. However in terms of material cost, barley-yeast extract medium was the lowest. The Karimnagar isolate of S. litura origin gave the highest conidial yield on barley-yeast extract medium. Chitinolytic enzyme profiles of different isolates revealed polymorphism in all the isolates from S. litura origin. Overall among the parameters studied the best traits were found in the Karimnagar isolate of S. litura origin.     

马缨丹总岩茨烯对小菜蛾和斜纹夜蛾幼虫的拒食作用

从马缨丹叶片中提取总岩茨烯,测定总岩茨烯对小菜蛾2龄幼虫和斜纹夜蛾1、2龄幼虫的拒食作用.结果表明,在非选择性试验中,1.6 mg·ml^-1的总岩茨烯对小菜蛾2龄幼虫和斜纹夜蛾1龄幼虫有拒食作用,8 h的拒食率分别为62.%和31.1%;在选择性试验中,0.4 mg·ml^-1的总岩茨烯即对小菜蛾2龄幼虫有拒食作用,0.4、0.8和1.6 mg·ml^-1浓度处理下的拒食率分别为52.7%、55.5%和78.9%;总岩茨烯只有在高浓度(1.6 mg·ml^-1)时,才对斜纹夜蛾1龄幼虫有拒食作用,拒食率仅为33.0%.在选择性和非选择性试验中,总岩茨烯对斜纹夜蛾2龄幼虫均无拒食作用.     

Helicoverpa armigera granulovirus interference with progression of H. zea nucleopolyhedrovirus disease in H. zea larvae

Capsular proteins from Helicoverpa armigera granulovirus (HaGV) have previously been shown to enhance H. armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaSNPV) infection in H. armigera larvae. Yet, HaGV and HaS-NPV, as viable viruses, interfered with one another. In our study, we have examined the effects of co-infection of the slow-killing virus HaGV with the fast-killing virus Helicoverpa zea NPV (HzSNPV) on H. zea larvae. The mortality parameter measured was survival time. Virus stocks had 50% lethal concentrations of 3.2x10(-9) g HaGV-infected cadavers (GVC) (HaGV) and 32 occlusion bodies (HzSNPV) per cup. Average survival times were 16.8 and 5.5 days for larvae treated with HaGV and HzSNPV, respectively; death of HzSNPV-treated larvae was as early as 72 h posttreatment. In co-infection experiments in which larvae were treated concurrently with both viruses, the viruses competed in typical fashion for host resources. However, interference with disease progression in HzSNPV-fed larvae occurred even when HaGV was fed to larvae up to 36 h after the NPV, a time at which NPV infection should have been well established in host larvae. At death, co-infected larvae were observed microscopically to be filled with HaGV granules rather than HzSNPV polyhedra. The time study results imply that HaGV might be outcompeting HzSNPV by inhibiting its replication. We also observed that H. zea larvae treated with high dosages of HaGV (> or =3x10(-5) g GVC) were initially stunted but had survival times similar to those of larvae treated with lower dosages.     

Population dynamics of Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus metacercariae in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) from four northern-Alberta lakes

Annual, seasonal, and interlake variation in prevalence and intensity of Ornithodiplostomum ptychocheilus (Faust) metacercariae was assessed in populations of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) collected from 4 lakes in north-central Alberta. Mean metacercariae intensity in young-of-the-year minnows varied extensively (5-123 metacercariae/host) among year, month, and lakes. In 2 of the lakes, prevalence always reached 100%, and mean intensity always peaked in September or October. The high spatial and annual variation in metacercarial recruitment was partly attributable to variation in host size. but variation in water depth, temperature, snail densities, and bird visitation likely also played a role. A laboratory experiment demonstrated that host and metacercariae survival was intensity-independent during a period of simulated winter. Thus, metacercariae recruited in the fall survive until the following spring.     

铅胁迫对斜纹夜蛾生长发育与生殖的影响

在植食性昆虫斜纹夜蛾幼虫标准人工饲料中添加不同浓度的重金属铅(Pb),研究Pb胁迫对其生长发育与生殖的影响.结果表明:斜纹夜蛾不同发育阶段(幼虫、蛹和成虫)的存活率和体质量随着饲料中Pb浓度的增加而下降,引起存活率显著下降的最低Pb胁迫浓度是100 mg·kg-1,引起体质量显著减少的最低Pb胁迫浓度是50 mg·kg-1.在取食Pb浓度为25～ 200 mg·kg-1的人工饲料后,斜纹夜蛾成虫的产卵天数显著减少;产卵力和生育力随着饲料中Pb浓度的增加而显著下降;1000粒卵的平均质量显著低于对照;卵孵化率显著下降.重金属Pb胁迫对斜纹夜蛾生长发育和生殖具有显著的抑制作用.     

莱氏绿僵菌对斜纹夜蛾的致病力及生理效应

【目的】测定莱氏绿僵菌Metarhizium rileyi Nr5772菌株对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura幼虫及蛹的致病能力,研究莱氏绿僵菌侵染后在寄主体内的发育及对寄主的生理效应,探讨莱氏绿僵菌的致病机制。【方法】采用浸渍法测定莱氏绿僵菌孢子对斜纹夜蛾3-6龄幼虫及蛹的致死中浓度(LC_(50))和致死中时(LT_(50))。采用微量注射法接种莱氏绿僵菌虫菌体,在不同时间后采集斜纹夜蛾幼虫血淋巴,在显微镜下检查虫菌体的数量、形态及寄主血细胞数量,并用酶标仪测定寄主血淋巴酚氧化酶(Phenoloxidase,PO)的活性。【结果】M.rileyi孢子对3龄斜纹夜蛾幼虫毒力最强,10 d后LC_(50)=3.12×10~6个孢子/mL,龄期越大,致病力越低;孢子浓度为5×10~9个/mL时,对3龄幼虫的致死速度最快,LT_(50)=4.55 d,致死速度随龄期的增大和浓度的降低逐渐减缓;M.rileyi孢子对蛹的致病力远低于对幼虫的致病力。注射接种虫菌体后,64 h内,虫菌体数量在寄主血腔中以幂函数的形式增长,寄主的血细胞数量没有明显的变化;在侵染初期(接种后44 h内),血淋巴PO活性正常;在侵染后期,虫菌体数量不再增加(55-64 h后),逐渐转化为菌丝体,并快速杀死寄主,PO活性受到抑制。【结论】莱氏绿僵菌Nr5772菌株对斜纹夜蛾幼虫有较强的致病力,应在害虫低龄期应用;莱氏绿僵菌在侵染初期对寄主血细胞和血淋巴PO无影响,后期则完全抑制PO活性。