蜜柚不同砧穗组合苗期嫁接亲和性评价

为评价蜜柚砧穗的嫁接亲和性,以红绵蜜柚(Citrus grandis‘Hongmianmiyou’)、三红蜜柚(‘Sanhongmiyou’)、红肉蜜柚(‘Hongroumiyou’)、黄金蜜柚(‘Huangjinmiyou’)和琯溪蜜柚(‘Guanximiyou’)作接穗,枳(Poncirus trifoliata)、香橙(Citrus junos)、酸柚(Citrus grandis)作砧木,田间调查15个砧穗组合苗期生长指标,测定嫁接愈合期叶片多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量,采用主成分分析和聚类分析方法对蜜柚砧穗组合嫁接亲和性进行评价。结果表明,以柚作砧木的砧穗组合保存率高、生长势旺盛、抽梢能力强,以枳和香橙作砧木的砧穗组合部分指标存在差异,其中红绵蜜柚和黄金蜜柚以枳作砧木时表现出不亲和现象。不同砧穗组合嫁接愈合时期PPO、POD、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖变化趋势基本一致。主成分分析结果表明,4个主成分基本反映了15个指标91.33%的数据信息。聚类分析将15个砧穗组合分为4类,与主成分分析结果基本一致。因此,琯溪蜜柚、红肉蜜柚和三红蜜柚嫁接可采用枳和柚作砧木,红绵蜜柚和黄金蜜柚嫁接可采用柚作砧木,红绵蜜柚和黄金蜜柚嫁接不可采用枳作砧木。     

不同苹果砧穗组合的生长及光合特性

以‘垂丝海棠’（Malus halliana）和‘平邑甜茶’（Malus hupehensis）为基砧,分别嫁接品种‘烟富6号’和‘长富2号’接穗,测定4种砧穗组合的嫁接亲和性、接穗生长量、光合与荧光参数及叶绿素含量（SPAD）,并用主成分分析法综合评价砧穗组合的优劣,探讨不同苹果砧穗组合嫁接苗的生长及光合特性,为西北盐碱地选择适宜的苹果砧木提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）4种砧穗组合中‘垂丝海棠/烟富6号’的上下口粗度比最接近1,嫁接亲和性最好。（2）整个生长期内,以‘垂丝海棠’为基砧的2个组合嫁接苗的生长量、净光合速率（P_n）、最大荧光（F_m）、PSⅡ最大光能转化率（F_v/F_m）均显著大于‘平邑甜茶’为基砧的组合,但其胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）及初始荧光（F₀）显著低于‘平邑甜茶’为基砧的组合;光化学猝灭系数（qP）在4种砧穗组合中无显著差异。（3）在8月份光照强度较高时,‘垂丝海棠/烟富6号’ 嫁接苗的气孔导度（G_s）高于其他砧穗组合;以‘垂丝海棠’为基砧的2个组合嫁接苗叶片的蒸腾速率（T_r）和相对叶绿素含量（SPAD）显著高于‘平邑甜茶’ 基砧组合。（4）根据主成分分析对各项指标进行综合评价,按照4个砧穗组合的综合得分由高到低依次为：‘垂丝海棠/烟富6号’、‘垂丝海棠/长富2号’、‘平邑甜茶/长富2号’、‘平邑甜茶/烟富6号’。研究发现,基砧‘垂丝海棠’的适应性优于‘平邑甜茶’,且‘垂丝海棠/烟富6号’砧穗组合的嫁接亲和性高,长势强,光合能力优,为甘肃中部地区适宜的砧穗组合。     

枳砧红绵蜜柚嫁接黄化苗的光合特性及其CgSGR基因克隆与表达分析

该研究以枳砧‘红绵蜜柚’(Hm/Pt)为试验材料,以枳砧‘琯溪蜜柚’(Gx/Pt)和香橙砧‘红绵蜜柚’(Hm/Cj)为对照,测定分析3种砧穗组合蜜柚的光合特性、叶绿素含量差异;利用RT-PCR技术克隆并分析滞绿基因(CgSGR)表达,为进一步研究枳砧‘红绵蜜柚’嫁接不亲和机理奠定基础。结果显示:(1)枳砧‘红绵蜜柚’嫁接苗净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、叶肉羧化效率明显低于2个对照组合,且3种砧穗组合以上各指标的最大值均出现在嫁接后第98天。(2)3个嫁接组合的叶绿素含量变化趋势一致,但枳砧‘红绵蜜柚’在整个试验期间的叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素显著低于2个对照组合。(3)成功克隆获得‘红绵蜜柚’滞绿蛋白SGR调控基因序列,命名为CgSGR(GenBank登录号:MF945620);CgSGR基因片段长度为816bp,序列编码一个含有271个氨基酸的蛋白质,分子量为30.62kD,属于稳定的碱性亲水性蛋白;SGR序列多重比对结果显示,‘红绵蜜柚’CgSGR序列与柑橘属柚、甜橙和克里曼丁橘之间一致性较高,其中‘红绵蜜柚’与柚无碱基差异,与甜橙在第33bp处有1个变异位点,与克里曼丁橘在33、52、118、159、622和765bp处有6个变异位点;系统进化树表明,CgSGR与柑橘属甜橙、克里曼丁橘的距离最近,与荔枝关系较近,与其它物种的关系较远。(4)实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,CgSGR基因在香橙砧‘红绵蜜柚’中的表达量总体均低于其他2个组合材料,而嫁接139d后,3个材料均随着植株黄化,CgSGR基因的表达水平均呈上升趋势,且枳砧‘红绵蜜柚’的CgSGR基因表达显著高于2个对照组合。(5)随着嫁接苗的生长发育,CgSGR的表达水平总体变化趋势与净光合速率、叶绿素的变化趋势相反。研究认为,枳砧‘红绵蜜柚’CgSGR基因的表达量在嫁接苗叶绿素降解过程中上调,其可能参与调控黄化幼苗的叶绿素降解。     

不同砧木黄瓜嫁接苗对温度胁迫的生理响应及其抗性评价

以4种砧木和‘春秋王2号’( Cucumis sativus ‘Chunqiuwang No.2’)黄瓜为嫁接试材,在人工气候箱内对嫁接苗和自根苗进行了连续3 d的低温(昼12 ℃/夜5 ℃)、高温(昼42 ℃/夜35 ℃)和常温(昼25 ℃/夜18 ℃)3组处理,分析温度胁迫对嫁接苗和自根苗的伤害指数、光合特性和抗氧化系统的影响,明确不同砧木嫁接苗对低温和高温抗性机制的异同,为黄瓜设施栽培生产中不同季节选择嫁接砧木提供依据。结果表明:(1)低温胁迫下,黑籽南瓜( Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché)砧嫁接苗冷害指数最低,其次为日本南瓜( Cucurbita moschata )砧嫁接苗,两者的相对叶绿素含量、净光合速率( P n)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和可溶性蛋白含量比常温对照增加较多,且两者丙二醛(MDA)含量较低。(2)高温胁迫下,‘五叶香’丝瓜( Luffa cylindrica ‘Wuyexiang’)砧嫁接苗热害指数最低,同时叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性和可溶性蛋白含量均相对较高,MDA含量最低;‘甬砧8号’( Cucurbita maxima×Cucurbita moschata ‘Yongzhen No.8’)白籽南瓜砧和日本南瓜砧嫁接苗热害指数也较低,且SOD、CAT和APX活性较高。(3)不同嫁接组合的抗性综合评价结果显示,黑籽南瓜砧嫁接苗的耐寒性最强,丝瓜砧嫁接苗的耐热性最强,日本南瓜砧嫁接苗和‘甬砧8号’砧嫁接苗对高温和低温均具有一定的耐受性。研究发现,黑籽南瓜砧等嫁接组合可以通过维持光合性能,提高抗氧化酶活性,增加渗透调节物质含量来缓解高低温度胁迫造成的过氧化伤害,从而表现出对高低温胁迫的较强抵抗力。     

夜温对番茄套管嫁接苗愈合的影响

以番茄砧木品种‘桂砧1号’和接穗品种‘中杂105’为试材,采用显微观察等方法研究了26℃昼温条件下,不同夜温(16℃、21℃、26℃)对番茄套管嫁接苗愈合速率及质量的影响。结果表明:(1)随着夜温的升高,嫁接苗接合部愈伤组织细胞增多,接合部直径增大;夜温26℃,嫁接后前5d愈伤组织细胞较多,与夜温16℃相比嫁接苗接合部直径提高了9.7%。(2)随着夜温的降低,嫁接苗接合部维管束连接及愈合进程加快,夜温16℃处理嫁接后第6天维管束已连接,较夜温21℃、26℃处理分别提前3d、6d,而且在第9天隔离层完全消失,较夜温21℃、26℃处理提前3d。(3)随着夜温的降低,嫁接苗木质部输导能力和砧/穗接合力提高,愈合质量提高;夜温16℃处理嫁接苗木质部输导能力比夜温21℃处理提高了12%~24%,砧/穗接合力提高了20%;同时也比夜温26℃处理嫁接成活率提高,木质部输导能力提高了19%~32%,砧/穗接合力提高了28%;根系长度、体积及平均直径也显著增加。可见,在昼温26℃的情况下,夜温16℃最有利于番茄嫁接苗的愈合,形成成活率高、质量优的壮苗。     

茄子栽培种砧用种质农业生物学性状及嫁接适用性研究

青枯病是热带亚热带地区普遍发生的一种土传病害,为选配具有优良抗病性和嫁接适用性的茄子砧木杂交组合,该研究对国内外11份茄子栽培种砧用种质进行农业生物学评价和青枯病抗病性鉴定,研究了不同砧用种质对嫁接苗生长的影响。结果表明:供试砧用种质中,果型为卵圆形5份、倒卵形2份、长卵圆4份;幼果颜色紫色7份、淡紫色1份、绿色1份、淡绿色2份;老熟果实颜色均为黄色;种质J14、J15、J16、J17的主茎紫色,其余均为绿色;J61的花瓣白色,其余均为紫色或淡紫色。供试砧木种质与接穗Rf的嫁接成活率均在80%以上,最高达97%。采用苗期伤根-浸根接种法鉴定砧木种质对青枯病的抗病性,有9份砧用种质自根苗表现高抗(HR),病情指数为3.67~12.33,其中6份砧木种质(BC01、BC03、BC04、BC06、J15、J16)嫁接感病接穗后表现抗病(R),病情指数为16.67~21.00。砧用种质能显著改善接穗的生长,其中,BC01、BC03、BC04、BC06、J15、J16的嫁接苗的生物量增长率显著高于其他种质的嫁接苗。综合试验结果显示茄子栽培种砧用种质农业生物学性状表现多样性,可区分为不同生态类型。抗病砧木种质嫁接高感病接穗的防病效果显著,种质BC01、BC03、BC04、BC06、J15、J16高抗青枯病,嫁接高感病品种表现抗青枯病,可作为配制抗青枯病砧木杂交组合的候选亲本。     

猕猴桃嫁接试验

本文报道猕猴桃不同嫁接时期、嫁接方法和不同分类群的砧木试验结果,猕猴桃最适宜的嫁接时期是落叶后至翌年萌芽前,嫁接方法以切接为好,嫁接成活率均在90％以上。同种和同一分类群的砧穗间有良好的亲和力,嫁接均有较高的成活率。不同分类群间嫁接效果较差,如中华猕猴桃桂海4号嫁接于中华猕猴桃砧木上的成活率,生长情况均比嫁接其它分类群为砧的有显著差异。     

黄瓜贴接苗砧木子叶淀粉代谢的动态变化特征

该研究以黄瓜品种‘中农18号’、南瓜砧木品种‘京欣砧5号’为试验材料,以南瓜自根苗(P)和去除1片子叶及生长点的南瓜苗( /P)为对照,采用单子叶贴接法进行黄瓜/南瓜异体嫁接(C/P)和南瓜/南瓜自体嫁接(P/P),测定嫁接后砧木子叶形态指标和淀粉代谢的动态变化,分析嫁接后去除砧木子叶对嫁接苗生长发育的影响,以揭示砧木子叶淀粉代谢在黄瓜嫁接苗生长中的作用,为黄瓜嫁接苗的壮苗培育提供理论依据。结果显示：(1)贴接后,C/P、P/P和 /P砧木子叶鲜质量和面积显著增大,且增加量依次递减,表现为 /P > C/P > P/P > P。(2)贴接后,C/P和P/P砧木子叶中淀粉含量在嫁接后0~3 d时降低,之后迅速升高,至嫁接后13 d再次逐渐降低,且C/P砧木子叶淀粉含量及其淀粉分支酶(SBE)和水解酶(β AL)活性均显著高于P/P。(3)在嫁接后0~10 d 去除砧木子叶可显著抑制C/P嫁接苗接穗和根系生长,减弱根系活力,同时降低根系可溶性糖含量及其CWIN、HXK基因表达水平,并以嫁接后0 d 去除砧木子叶的抑制效果最显著。研究表明,黄瓜C/P单子叶贴接苗中,砧木子叶作为贮存器官,在幼苗生长早期以淀粉形式储存光合产物,之后淀粉水解成单糖为嫁接苗接穗和根系快速生长提供物质和能量。     

叶面喷施矮壮素对番茄嫁接愈合的调节作用

该研究选用番茄接穗品种‘硬粉8号’和砧木品种‘砧爱1号’为试材,分别在嫁接前6 d和12 d叶面喷施100 mg·L^-1 生长抑制剂矮壮素(CCC),测定番茄幼苗生长指标和嫁接接合部植物激素含量,监测CCC处理对嫁接愈合进程的影响。结果显示：(1)‘硬粉8号’和‘砧爱1号’幼苗生长受到CCC显著抑制,株高分别显著降低33.30%和33.96%,两幼苗地上部鲜重及‘砧爱1号’幼苗干重也均显著降低。(2)嫁接后12 h和48 h,CCC处理显著降低了嫁接接合部GA₁₅和GA₈含量,嫁接后48 h和72 h显著提高了嫁接接合部GA₃₄和GA₃含量;嫁接后12、48和72 h,CCC处理显著提高了嫁接接合部L 色氨酸、吲哚 3 乙酸甲酯、色胺、吲哚 3 乙酸、反式 玉米素 9 Β葡萄糖苷和异戊烯腺嘌呤 9 葡萄糖苷含量。(3)嫁接后48~168 h,CCC处理显著提高了嫁接接合部维管束品红吸收含量和平均荧光强度;嫁接后72 h,CCC处理的嫁接接合部已可见木质部导管分子连接;嫁接后96~120 h,CCC处理的嫁接接合部木质部与韧皮部基本完成连接,愈伤组织薄壁细胞填满接合部间隙,完成时间早于对照。(4)嫁接后20 d,CCC处理显著提高了接穗叶绿素(SPAD值)和砧木根系活力。研究发现,番茄幼苗嫁接前叶面喷施CCC可有效促进维管束重连和嫁接苗生长发育。     

成年态南丰蜜橘试管嫁接育苗技术研究

为探索适合成年态南丰蜜橘[Citrus reticulata Blanco‘kinokuni’(Tanaka)H.H.Hu]的快速繁殖技术,对其试管茎尖微嫁接育苗进行研究。结果表明,最好的砧木是苦柚种子苗,以腹接方式的成活率最高。嫁接苗接种在MS+GA3 1 mg L–1+蔗糖75 g L–1的培养基中,暗培养7 d后转入光周期下培养,嫁接成活率达67.78%。不同移栽基质对嫁接苗的成活率影响不显著。嫁接苗与成年态南丰蜜橘再生芽在形态和POD、CAT及SOD同工酶分子表达上均无明显差异。这表明通过试管茎尖微嫁接技术可保持其遗传稳定性。     

川滇柳与青杨属间嫁接幼苗对氮素缺乏的生理响应

同为杨柳科的柳属和杨属植物对氮素缺乏的形态和生理响应不同.本文通过川滇柳和青杨远缘嫁接,研究不同嫁接组合幼苗在氮缺乏条件下的成活率、生长状况、生物量累积与分配、气体交换参数及非结构性碳水化合物的差异响应,分析杨柳科植物远缘嫁接的可行性及嫁接对植物抗缺氮能力的影响.结果表明:川滇柳和青杨远缘嫁接的亲和性较好,川滇柳/青杨(S/P)和青杨/川滇柳(P/S)嫁接组合的成活率分别为74%和96%;缺氮显著降低了所有嫁接组合幼苗的成活率,其中S/P幼苗的成活率降低最明显,仅为53.3%,而P/S幼苗的成活率为86.7%.无论对照还是缺氮条件下,青杨做接穗的嫁接组合(P/P和P/S)的株高、基茎、生物量积累、净光合速率均大于川滇柳做接穗的嫁接组合(S/S和S/P);缺氮显著减少了所有嫁接组合的生长、生物量及净光合速率.川滇柳做砧木的嫁接组合(S/S和P/S)的根冠比显著高于青杨做砧木的嫁接组合(S/P和P/P),表明川滇柳可将更多的光合产物分配到地下部分,而青杨则将更多的光合产物投入到地上部分.各嫁接组合根中非结构性碳水化合物受缺氮胁迫最明显,除S/P嫁接组合外,P/P、S/S和P/S根中的淀粉、果糖、蔗糖和可溶性总糖浓度均显著升高,且表现为P/P和P/S显著高于S/S和S/P.     

A Study of the graft union in in vitro micrografted apple

Light microscopy was used to study graft union formation in in vitro micrografts of tissue cultured apple (Malus domestica. Borkh). Micrografts were constructed using horizontal incisions to form the grafting surface, and placing the cut ends of rootstock and scion into sterile silicon tubing to permit graft formation to occur.The outer morphological and histological development was similar for different stock-scion micrograft combinations but graft union formation was slower in heterografts than in autografts. Initial leaf expansion at the scion shoot apex occurred in all micrografted plantlets within 1–4 days and was not indicative of graft success. Progressive scion growth and development could be used as an indication of graft success by ten to fourteen days after grafting and probably was related to establisment of cell to cell contact at the graft interface. Microscopy showed initiation of callus proliferation in the vascular cumbium and the pith ten days after grafting. Differentiation was observed subsequently and this was reflected in scion development. Longitudinally orientated cambial cells began to differentiate between twenty and forty days after grafting, and formed a bridge between the vascular cylinders of scion and rootstock. The scions at this stage had as many as eight newly expanded leaves and micrografts were strong enough to permit silicon sleeve removal without damage. Continuity of new vascular elements in rootstock and scion was established around forty days. New vascular elements curved slightly in towards the pith to form a c shaped bridge across the graft union. Vascular development continued until it reached completion after six months.     

Responses of temperate woody seedlings to shade and drought: do trade-offs limit potential niche differentiation?

Diversity in seedling responses to combined shade and drought can drive species niche differences, and thus natural forest and scrub establishment dynamics and diversity. However, inherent trade-offs between shade tolerance and drought tolerance, as hypothesized in the literature, would constrain potential niche differentiation. For thirteen species of European trees and shrubs the impacts were determined of moderate and extreme drought on the growth and survival of first-year seedlings in a given soil volume, in irradiances in the range typical for temperate forest and scrub understories (3% daylight) and large gaps (30% daylight). Pots were watered differentially each second day to equalize soil water content across species and irradiances. Comparisons within and across species supported independent tolerances of shade and drought rather than trade-offs. For all species, drought reduced relative growth rate in dry mass by the same proportion in 3% daylight and in 30% daylight. Consequently, drought generally reduced final dry mass significantly more strongly in 30% daylight than in 3% daylight. Extreme drought led to earlier mortality in 30% daylight than in 3% daylight for nine of the eleven species tested, to earlier mortality in 3% daylight for one species, and to equal mortality rate in both irradiances for one species. For each species, growth-based shade tolerance was quantified as the ratio of absolute growth in low irradiance to that in high irradiance, and growth-based drought tolerance as the ratio of absolute growth in low water supply to that in high water supply. Across species, growth-based shade tolerance varied ≈9-fold, and growth-based drought tolerance ≈2-fold; species’ tolerances correlated respectively with indices of field establishment in shade and drought. Growth-based drought tolerance correlated with survival time in extreme drought. Experimentally quantified shade and drought tolerances varied independently for the 13 species tested, indicating the potential for extensive species niche differentiation in combinations of irradiance and water supply.     

Maternal Effects of Photoperiod and Food Level on Life History Characteristics of the Cladoceran Daphnia Pulicaria Forbes

The response of various life-history characteristics of Daphnia pulicaria to photoperiod and food concentration was measured in 16 combinations of maternal and offspring environments (long vs. short day, high vs. low food) in flow-through experiments. Response variables in offspring were time and survival to release of first offspring, clutch size and neonate mass in the first brood, mass of adult females after 30days and somatic growth rate during the course of the experiment. Most of these parameters were directly controlled by food concentration in the offspring environment, but maternal effects frequently modified the response. A long day length in the maternal environment resulted in a prolongation of the time to first clutch release in offspring similar to the direct effect of low food. Likewise, survival to maturation and female mass were affected by maternal photoperiod. Somatic growth rate and clutch size responded to combined effects of maternal food conditions and photoperiod. The laboratory results were used to predict the seasonal change of fecundity of Daphnia in the field. When data on clutch size are ordered in a sequence as the different combinations of maternal and offspring environment occur during the seasonal succession in a temperate lake, they show a bimodal distribution with a high peak in spring and a lower peak in fall. This pattern is consistent with field observations. We conclude that photoperiod and maternal effects are important factors influencing life history and population dynamics of Daphnia.     

罗汉果嫁接繁殖研究

采用1—3年生青皮砧木,用镶枝接、嵌合接、劈接和腹接法嫁接,成活率为67.86～81.82％,以镶枝接最好。用长滩、拉江和青皮接穗嫁接,成活率为60—80％,以拉江接穗最好。嫁接苗早期结果,接后90天80—88％的植株结果并保持原品种优良类型。     

番茄抗青枯病种苗选育初步研究

通过大量收集野生茄科植物作为栽培番茄的嫁接砧木 ,进行嫁接试验并观察嫁接成活率。栽植各砧木苗、番茄实生苗及嫁接成活率较高的嫁接苗 ,观察比较它们在自然条件下青枯病的发病率 (如果自然条件下青枯病发病率低的地块 ,可考虑人工接种病原 )、植株生长情况、产量和品质等 ,筛选出 2种嫁接成活率高 ,抗青枯病能力强 ,并能保持或提高接穗果产量和品质的番茄嫁接砧木。为深入进行番茄抗青枯病种苗选育研究和生产实践奠定了基础。     

不同嫁接方法对猕猴桃成活率的影响

以野生美味猕猴桃1年生苗木作砧木,猕猴桃新品种金魁1年生枝条作接穗,进行不同嫁接方法试验。结果表明:舌接、单芽枝腹接成活率高达98.4%、96.1%,嫁接苗生长势旺,新苗基粗、新梢长度、新梢叶片数均显著高于其它几种嫁接苗。该法操作简便,是猕猴桃理想的嫁接方法,可在生产中推广应用。     

Prolongation of skin xenograft survival with modified cultured fibroblasts

Cyclosporine A, one of the most potent immunosuppressive drugs, mediates some of its immunosuppressive and nephrotoxic effects by enhancing transforming growth factor-beta secretion and receptor expression. In this experimental study, the effect of cyclosporine pretreatment of cultured dermal fibroblasts on xenogeneic tissue rejection after microimplantation beneath skin grafts was investigated. The effects of the site-specific immunosuppressive strategy on skin xenograft survival were tested. Because the skin is an immunological indicator of the rejection of composite tissue allografts, it was considered that this strategy could be used as a supportive therapy for composite tissue allotransplantation in the future. In the first stage of the study, fibroblast cultures obtained from skin biopsy samples from five rats were treated with different single doses of cyclosporine (100 to 3000 ng/ml), and transforming growth factor-beta levels were measured in culture supernatants after 72 hours. In the second stage, 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups, as follows. For group I (sham), only the standard grafting procedure was performed. For group II, after the standard grafting procedure, rats were treated with intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg (n = 5) or 10 mg/kg (n = 5) cyclosporine for 10 days. For group III, cultured fibroblasts obtained from skin biopsy samples from rats were treated with 100 or 500 ng/ml cyclosporine, and the cells were collected by light trypsinization and centrifugation after 72 hours. After the standard skin grafting procedure, modified fibroblasts were implanted between the graft and the recipient bed with a Pasteur pipet. For group IV, the same procedures as for group III were performed and then rats were treated with 10 mg/kg cyclosporine, administered intraperitoneally, for 10 days. For group V, in addition to standard grafting, unmodified fibroblasts (not treated with cyclosporine) were implanted between the graft and the recipient bed. For group VI, the same procedures as for group V were performed and then rats were treated with 10 mg/kg cyclosporine, administered intraperitoneally, for 10 days. The rejection process was observed macroscopically, and statistical significance was determined with the Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.01). Graft survival times were significantly prolonged in groups III and IV, compared with groups I, II, V, and VI (p < 0.001). No difference between groups III and IV was observed. The novel finding of this investigation is that xenogeneic skin graft survival times could be prolonged with microimplantation of cyclosporine-treated cultured fibro-blasts.     

马尾松三代选择群体生长性状变异及选择研究

以浙江省淳安县姥山林场的6×6半双列遗传交配设计的三代测定幼林为对象,分析幼林期（2、3和5 a）的生长性状的遗传参数和育种值,及2 a生时生物量的累积与分配。结果表明,马尾松幼林期不同杂交组合间的树高、地径、冠幅和活枝数均存在显著的遗传差异,且生物量在2 a生亦存在显著的遗传差异。杂交组合2 a生的地上生物量占植株总生物量的87.17%。幼林期生长性状以树高的增长量最大,5 a生较2 a生增长了4.23倍。采用综合育种值法,依据预测的树高（H）育种值为主,结合地径（D₀）和2 a生茎干生物量（B_s）指标的配合选择方式,以入选率20%优选出杂交组合分别为22×44、33×22、40×44。以5 a生时树高、地径的单株育种值为依据,2%的入选率优选出16个单株,其树高、地径、冠幅及活枝数平均增益分别为1.07 m、1.58 cm、0.32 m和4.67个。