中国钩瓣叶蜂属黄斑钩瓣叶蜂种团一新种（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

记述中国西藏钩瓣叶蜂属黄斑钩瓣叶蜂种团Macrophya flavomaculata group 1新种:横斑钩瓣叶蜂M.transmaculata Li,LiuWei sp.nov.。     

中国叶蜂属三新种（膜翅目：叶蜂科）

首次报道尺蛾科灰尾尺蛾属Xeropteryx Butler,1883和灰尾尺蛾X.columbicola(Walker,1860)在我国分布,给出了形态描述和特征图。     

中国叶蜂属(膜翅目,叶蜂科)三新种

记述采自中国河南、陕西、浙江的叶蜂科叶蜂亚科叶蜂属3新种:吕氏横斑叶蜂Tenthredo lunani Wei et Niu,sp.nov.,三斑槌腹叶蜂Tenthredo dolichomisca Wei et Niu,sp.nov.,黑腰白端叶蜂Tenthredo pararubiapicilina Wei et Niu,sp.nov.。新种模式标本保存于湖南长沙中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室。     

平背叶蜂亚科秋叶蜂属(膜翅目,叶蜂科)两新种

记述采自中国秦岭的秋叶蜂属2新种:平唇秋叶蜂Apethymus flatoclypea sp.nov.和扁角秋叶蜂Apethymus compressicornis sp.nov.。新种模式标本保存在中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室。     

中国叶蜂总科新记录种

本文记述了叶蜂总科中国新记录种及新组合。     

中国方颜叶蜂属(膜翅目,叶蜂科)种团二新种

记述中国方颜叶蜂属erratica种团二新种:短刃方颜叶蜂Pachyprotasis breviserrula Wei et Zhong,sp.nov.和弱齿方颜叶蜂Pachyprotasis obxurodentellsa Wci et Zhong,sp.nov..新种模式标本保存在中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室.     

Helminth species diversity of mammals: parasite species richness is a host species attribute

Studies investigating parasite diversity have shown substantial geographical variation in parasite species richness. Most of these studies have, however, adopted a local scale approach, which may have masked more general patterns. Recent studies have shown that ectoparasite species richness in mammals seems highly repeatable among populations of the same mammal host species at a regional scale. In light of these new studies we have reinvestigated the case of parasitic helminths by using a large data set of parasites from mammal populations in 3 continents. We collected homogeneous data and demonstrated that helminth species richness is highly repeatable in mammals at a regional scale. Our results highlight the strong influence of host identity in parasite species richness and call for future research linking helminth species found in a given host to its ecology, immune defences and potential energetic trade-offs.     

Population dynamics of species with gynogenetic sibling species

Models are formulated for the population dynamics of a monoecious or dioecious species with an all-female parthenogenetic sibling species which is also gynogenetic. Continuous, deterministic reproduction and mortality, a stationary age distribution, random mating, and limited sexual competence for all individuals are posited. It is also supposed that in the dioecious case males do not distinguish between true and gynogenetic females. Similarly, hermaphrodites do not differentiate hermaphrodites and gynogens. The model implies that extinction is highly likely in the dioecious situation, but much less so in the monoecious one. Empirical evidence is reviewed and related to the assumptions and conclusions.     

Phylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi

The operational species concept, i.e., the one used to recognize species, is contrasted to the theoretical species concept. A phylogenetic approach to recognize fungal species based on concordance of multiple gene genealogies is compared to those based on morphology and reproductive behavior. Examples where Phylogenetic Species Recognition has been applied to fungi are reviewed and concerns regarding Phylogenetic Species Recognition are discussed.     

Distinguishing species

Given two organisms, how can one distinguish whether they belong to the same species or not? This might be straightforward for two divergent organisms, but can be extremely difficult and laborious for closely related ones. A molecular marker giving a clear distinction would therefore be of immense benefit. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) has been widely used for low-level phylogenetic analyses. Case studies revealed that a compensatory base change (CBC) in the helix II or helix III ITS2 secondary structure between two organisms correlated with sexual incompatibility. We analyzed more than 1300 closely related species to test whether this correlation is generally applicable. In 93%, where a CBC was found between organisms classified within the same genus, they belong to different species. Thus, a CBC in an ITS2 sequence-structure alignment is a sufficient condition to distinguish even closely related species.     

Microsatellite-based species identification method for Drosophila virilis group species

Species of the D. virilis group are widely used in evolutionary research, but the individuals of different species are difficult to distinguish from each other morphologically. We constructed a fast and easy microsatellite-based identification method for the species of the group occurring sympatrically in northern Europe. The neighbor joining tree based on 14 microsatellite loci also gave a good resolution of the species divergence pattern in the whole group.