福建万木林自然保护区森林群落物种多样性

福建万木林自然保护区森林群落物种多样性朱锦懋姜志林郑群瑞蒋伟（南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,２１００３７）（福建省建瓯市林委,３５３１００）ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＤｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｉｎｔｈｅＦｏｒｅｓｔＣｏｍｍｕｎｉｔｙｏｆＷａｎｍｕｌｉｎＮａｔｕｒｅＲｅ...     

抚顺地区植物物种多样性及其保护

抚顺地区植物物种多样性及其保护谢维英连清桑树臣王毓杰（抚顺环保监测站，１１３００６）（抚顺市林业科学研究所，１１３００８）ＰｌａｎｔＢｉｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｎｄｉｔｓＣｏｎｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎｉｎＦｕｓｈｕｎＤｉｓｔｒｉｃｔｏｆＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＣｈ...     

福建龙栖山自然保护区的常绿阔叶林类型及其群落物种多样性分析

福建龙栖山自然保护区的常绿阔叶林类型及其群落物种多样性分析贺金生陈伟烈谢宗强胡东（中国科学院植物研究所,北京１０００９３）（首都师范大学生物系,北京１０００３７）ＴｙｐｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＥｖｅｒｇｒｅｅｎＢｒｏａｄｌｅａｆＦｏｒｅｓｔａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒＣｏ...     

森林植被的自然火干扰

森林植被的自然火干扰邱扬（山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原０３０００６）ＮａｔｕｒａｌＦｉｒｅＤｉｓｔｕｒｂａｎｃｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔＶｅｇｅｔａｔｉｏｎ．ＱｉｕＹａｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＬｏｅｓＰｌａｔｅａｕ,ＳｈａｎｘｉＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,...     

淮河下游地区针叶林多样性研究

淮河下游地区针叶林多样性研究阎传海（徐州师范大学地理系,２２１００９）ＡＳｔｕｄｙｏｆＤｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆｔｈｅＣｏｎｉｆｅｒｏｕｓＦｏｒｅｓｔｉｎｔｈｅＬｏｗｅｒＨｕａｉｈｅＶａｌｅｙ．ＹａｎＣｈｕａｎｈａｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｇｒ...     

森林生物多样性与林木害虫的自然防治

森林生物多样性与林木害虫的自然防治谷昭威曲爱军朱承美（山东省林业科学研究所,济南２５００１４）（山东省林业学校,泰安２７１０００）ＦｏｒｅｓｔＢｉｏｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙａｎｄＮａｔｕｒａｌＣｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆＴｒｅｅＰｅｓｔｓ．ＧｕＺｈａｏｗｅｉ（Ｓｈａ...     

食肉质果鸟对种子的传播作用

食肉质果鸟对种子的传播作用鲁长虎常家传（东北林业大学,哈尔滨１５００４０）ＥｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅＦｌｅｓｈｙ＿ｆｒｕｉｔｓＥａｔｉｎｇＢｉｒｄｓｏｎＳｅｅｄＤｉｓｐｅｒｓａｌ．ＬｕＣｈａｎｇｈｕ,ＣｈａｎｇＪｉａｃｈｕａｎ（ＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔＦｏ...     

一个高效表达、快速纯化大肠杆菌精氨酰-tRNA合成酶的新系统(英文)

编码大肠杆菌精氨酰ｔ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 合成酶（ Ａｒｇ Ｒ Ｓ） 的基因ａｒｇ Ｓ 被克隆到ｐ Ｍ Ｆ Ｔ７５ 载体上。将此质粒转化的大肠杆菌 Ｊ Ｍ１０９（ Ｄ Ｅ３） 中, 该转化子粗抽液的比活是宿主菌的２ ５００ 倍。通过 Ｄ Ｅ Ａ Ｅ Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ Ｃ Ｌ６ Ｂ Ｆａｓｔ Ｆｌｏｗ 和 Ｂｌｕｅ Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ Ｃ Ｌ６ Ｂ两步柱层析在一天内即可将精氨酰ｔ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 合成酶纯化至电泳一条带, 比活为３６ ０００ ｕ／ｍｇ , 总收率可达６９ ％ 。与以前报道的 Ａｒｇ Ｒ Ｓ的高表达质粒相比, 使用该重组质粒可以很方便地将昂贵的标记氨基酸高效地参入酶分子内。目前的研究结果表明,该新系统能够很方便地提供大量的更高比活的大肠杆菌精氨酰ｔ Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 合成酶以进行该酶的 Ｎ Ｍ Ｒ 和结晶学研究     

长白山阔叶红松林不同采伐强度与森林病害的发生

长白山阔叶红松林不同采伐强度与森林病害的发生袁志文,王庆礼,代力民,钟兆康,赵敏（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所１１００１５）ＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔＣｕｔｔｉｎｇｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｔｉｅｓａｎｄＩｎｃｉｄｅｎｃｅｏｆＦｏｒｅｓｔＤｉｓｃａｓｅｓｉｎＢｒｏａｄＬ...     

植物抗污染进化及其遗传生态学代价

植物抗污染进化及其遗传生态学代价熊治廷（武汉大学环境科学系,４３００７２）ＰｏｌｕｔｉｏｎＲｅｓｉｓｔａｎｔＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｉｎＰｌａｎｔｓａｎｄＩｔｓＧｅｎｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌＣｏｓｔｓ．ＸｉｏｎｇＺｈｉｔｉｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｖ...     

中亚热带森林土壤微生物群落多样性随海拔梯度的变化

运用Biolog EcoPlate技术, 对武夷山不同海拔植被带(常绿阔叶林(EBF)、针叶林(CF)、亚高山矮林(DF)、高山草甸(AM))土壤微生物群落多样性差异进行了研究。结果表明: 不同海拔植被带土壤微生物群落功能多样性差异显著。土壤平均颜色变化率(AWCD)随培养时间延长而逐渐增加, 同一深度土层的AWCD值随海拔升高而逐渐降低, 大小顺序依次为EFB > CF > DF > AM。同一海拔植被带, 不同深度土层的AWCD值总体趋势依次为0-10 cm > 10-25 cm > 25-40 cm。土壤微生物群落Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、丰富度指数和McIntosh指数的总体趋势为EBF最高, CF和DF次之, AM最低。不同海拔植被带土壤微生物对不同碳源利用强度存在较大差异, 其中EBF利用率最高, AM利用率最低, 碳水化合物和羧酸类碳源是各海拔植被带土壤微生物的主要碳源。主成分分析结果表明, 从31个因素中提取的与碳源利用相关的主成分1、主成分2分别能解释变量方差的75.27%和16.14%, 在主成分分离中起主要贡献作用的是胺类和氨基酸类碳源。土壤微生物群落多样性随着海拔上升、土层加深而逐渐下降的原因, 可能是生物量、林分凋落物、土壤养分、微小动物、植物根系等多种因素共同作用的结果。     

Patterns in woody species diversity, richness and partitioning of diversity in forest communities of tropical deciduous forest biome

The regressive succession model hypothesizes tropical savanna-woodlands to be a degraded stage of primary deciduous forests. Species diversity, richness and evenness of woody species in savanna-woodlands, secondary deciduous forests and mature deciduous forests of central India were compared to test if the regressive succession explained pattern in species richness, diversity, functional diversity and basal area. At the plot scale (0.1 ha) secondary deciduous forests and savanna-woodlands had similar species diversity, a pattern not consistent with the regressive model of deciduous forest succession, and mature deciduous forests had greater species diversity and richness (p<0.05). When examined at a larger scale or community scale by pooling all plots within a community type, the trend in diversity persisted even with greater effort allocated to sampling of secondary deciduous forests. Species richness at the community scale was greatest in secondary deciduous forest as expected from species area relationship. The communities shared 28 woody species but the species composition was significantly different between the communities. I suggest that conservation of tropical deciduous forests based on regressive succession model is problematic.     

林分因子对神木垒不同森林群落林下植物多样性的影响

为探究神木垒不同森林群落林下植物多样性的差异，本研究采用典型样地法，以夹金山神木垒的5种主要森林群落：云杉林、丽江云杉林、红杉林、针阔混交林、阔叶林为研究对象，对不同森林群落林下植物物种组成和物种多样性进行比较，并对林分因子和林下植物多样性进行冗余分析，确定影响林下植物多样性的主要林分因子，为当地森林经营管理提供理论依据。结果表明：（1）在研究区内共记录林下植物147种，隶属于61科，108属；云杉林群落林下植物的科属种组成最丰富。（2）各类型群落的H值、H"值、D值、JSW值均为：草本层＞灌木层；灌木层多样性最高的群落为云杉林群落，草本层多样性最高的群落为丽江云杉林群落，针阔混交林群落、阔叶林群落林下植物多样性较差。（3）平均枝下高与林分密度是影响灌木层物种多样性的主要林分因子（P<0.01），平均枝下高与灌木层的D值、H值、H"值呈负相关关系，林分密度与灌木层4个多样性指数均呈正相关关系；平均枝下高是影响草本层物种多样性的主要林分因子（P<0.01），平均枝下高与草本层H值、H"值、JSW值呈正相关关系。本研究认为，云杉林群落与丽江云杉林群落的林下植物多样性水平较高，平均枝下高与林分密度是影响神木垒不同森林群落林下植物多样性的主要林分因子。     

闽北森林群落物种多样性的可塑性面积单元问题

分析闽北森林群落物种多样性的可塑性面积单元问题（ＭＡＵＰ）,结果表明,闽北森林群落物种多样性存在尺度效应和划区效应,其影响随着取样面积增大而减小,长期封禁保护的森林群落和森林群落和近期受人为干扰的退化森林群落物种多样性受ＭＡＵＰ影响趋势相同,文中应用ａｃｋｋｎｉｆｉｎｇ方法估计群落物种多样性的近似正态分布置信区间和划区效应。     

新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植物物种多样性研究

采用相似性系数和物种多样性指数对新疆博格达山地面生苔藓植物的物种多样性进行了研究．结果表明,博格达山地区苔藓植物区系具有丰富性和复杂性的特点,共有地面生苔藓植物32科73属186种(含变种、变型);山地荒漠带和山地草原带苔藓植物物种相似性最高,为0．6809,山地森林带和高山垫状植被带相似性最低,仅为0．1342;山地森林带苔藓植物在整个博格达山地面生苔藓植物群落中占据优势地位;山地森林带苔藓植物物种多样性最为丰富,为该山地苔藓植物多样性的分布中心,是苔藓植物多样性保护的关键地区．     

俄罗期平原针—阔林过渡带森林群落组成结构与物种多样性的研究

俄罗斯平原针-阔林过渡带森林群落的物种多样性的研究表明,该地区的物种多样性类同于许多类型的过渡带,即群落的过渡带（针阔混交林）比相邻群落（针叶林和阔叶林）具有更高的多样性。针阔混交林群落的组成结构较好地反映了其特殊的过渡性。在该过渡带较高的物种多样性并不证明群落稳定性的增加。因此,在探讨多样性与群落稳定性关系时,综合包括均匀度在内的多个指数才可能作出较为客观的结论。     

Effects of deforestation on structure and diversity of small mammal communities in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts (Czech Republic)

During 1970s and 1980s, a large area of mountains in the Czech Republic was influenced by long-term industrial air pollution. Among the most degraded areas were the peaks of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts, where vast clearings resulted from emissions and subsequent forest destruction. This study is aimed at determining the degree of deforestation that is necessary to cause changes in structure and species diversity of small mammal communities that were observed previously. Communities of rodents and insectivores were monitored for a minimum of 3 years at two mountain ranges of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts (Czech Republic) by standard mouse snap-traps. The localities (Smrk and Kněhyně) differ by the degree of human disturbance. Clearings on Smrk Mt are very large (> 30 ha) with no remaining original forest growth as a result of intensive air pollution, unlike the same habitat type at Kněhyně Mt, where the clearings are minor (< 3 ha) and contain living solitary trees. Structure and diversity of small mammal communities in clearings were compared with those from original forests and other mountain habitats. Communities of small mammals at clearings in Smrk Mt (with dominatingMicrotus agrestis) are structurally very different from all other habitats, while structure of communities at Kněhyně clearings are very similar to those of original mountain forest (Complete linkage clustering based on Renkonen index). The community of the original mountain spruce forest at Kněhyně had the highest species diversity (according to Shannon-Weaver, Brillouin, and Simpson indices, Shannon evenness, and rarefaction), while species diversity at clearings of Smrk was the lowest. Shannon diversity of community at Kněhyně primeval forest is similar to that of Kněhyně clearings, while at Smrk Mt the forest diversity is higher than that of clearings. The species diversity of mountain forest and clearings at Kněhyně Mt was significantly higher than that in the same habitats at Smrk Mt. Our results obtained in disturbed habitats at Kněhyně and Smrk Mts suggest that the degree of deforestation may influence the presence and/or the degree of community changes. If the forest destruction is relatively small (clearings < 3 ha), the structure and diversity of small mammal communities do not differ from those of original forest.     

退化人工林不同恢复类型对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为了评价华南退化人工林生态系统的不同恢复类型,本研究以土壤微生物群落功能多样性为对象,探讨恢复林土壤微生物功能多样性的差异及影响因子.在研究区内选取代表性的近自然经营杉木林(CF)和毛竹林(MB),以天然次生林(NF)为对照,采集表层土壤样品.运用Biolog-Eco微平板技术,对3种林分的土壤微生物群落功能多样性进行研究.结果表明: 不同恢复林分的植物多样性差异显著,NF植物多样性指数显著高于MB和CF,而MB的植物多样性指数显著高于CF;不同林分类型的土壤pH和容重差异显著,其他土壤理化性质差异不显著;不同林分类型土壤微生物的平均颜色变化率(AWCD)为NF＞MB＞CF,不同林分对6种类型碳源底物的利用也有相似规律;NF的土壤微生物群落Shannon多样性指数、Shannon丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数和McIntosh指数最高,MB次之,CF最低;主成分分析表明,从31种碳源类型提取的主成分1和主成分2分别能解释变量方差的60.0%和12.4%,在主成分分异中起主要贡献作用的是羧酸类、碳水化合物类和氨基酸类碳源;相关性分析表明,植物物种丰富度和多样性指数、土壤容重与土壤微生物群落多样性指数之间存在显著相关关系,对土壤微生物群落功能多样性具有重要影响.NF土壤微生物的碳源利用效率高于人工林,而MB土壤微生物碳源利用效率高于CF.从植被多样性及土壤微生物群落功能多样性来看,近自然经营的MB人工林更有利于退化人工林生态系统功能的恢复与提升.     

The effect of windthrow, wild fire, and management practices on epigeic Collembola in windthrown forest stands of the High Tatra Mts (Slovakia)

Epigeic communities of Collembola were studied after a windthrow in differently managed spruce forest stands in the High Tatras, Slovakia. Investigations were carried out in following treatments: reference forest stands (REF), windthrown stands left to natural regeneration (NEX), windthrown stands from which fallen wood had been extracted (EXT), and windthrown stands from which fallen wood had been removed and which had been affected by fire (FIR). A Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric ANOVA revealed significant differences of Collembola community composition and activity between the treatments studied, which was also further supported by the results from NMS ordination and cluster analysis using indicator species analysis. EXT stands had communities with remarkably high activity and diversity of Collembola, whereas FIR stands had low species richness and diversity indices compared to other treatments (REF, NEX, EXT). Windthrown stands had greater collembolan activity and diversity (NEX, EXT) than intact forest stands. However, forest specialists and bryophilous species were sensitive to forest clearing and fire disturbance and were replaced by xeroresistant and generalist species, or species preferring open habitats. The collembolan community most similar to that found in REF stands, in terms of community homogeneity and the magnitude of diversity indices, was found in NEX stands.     

临安次生灌丛植物多样性对林火烈度空间异质性的响应

以同一过火3a后临安市太阳镇天然次生灌丛为对象,采用样地调查法按不同林火烈度设置火干扰样地进行植物群落调查,以检验林分内部的林火烈度异质性是否与局部的植物多样性变化相关。结果表明:研究区共有高等植物83种,分属于38科67属,群落区系组成以亚热带科属为主,表现出常绿阔叶林已退化过渡到位于演替早期阶段的落叶次生灌丛群落的性质;低林火烈度对灌木层的树种组成有影响,但不明显;中烈度林火对灌木层的物种组成影响较大;低、中林火烈度下草本层的物种组成变化都很明显;灌木层的物种数和多样性指数都表现出低烈度火未火烧中烈度火的趋势;草本层的物种数、多样性指数和均匀度指数表现出中烈度火低烈度火未火烧的趋势;草本层的物种组成和多样性受林火烈度的影响较灌木层更大。研究表明次生灌丛群落过火区内部林火烈度异质性在初期会引起植物多样性的响应差异;低烈度火干扰可以增加次生灌丛生物多样性、促进群落更新;中烈度火干扰下木本植物物种多样性丧失较大,而草本植物多样性显著增加,不利于群落的正向演替。