H2O2诱发人成纤维细胞衰老样变化的基因表达谱

以50 μmol/L H₂O₂作用体外培养的人胚肺二倍体成纤维细胞4次,使之出现不可逆的衰老表型.提取年轻细胞及H₂O₂处理早老细胞的mRNA,以荧光物Cy3标记年轻细胞cDNA,Cy5标记H₂O₂处理的细胞cDNA,并与点有4 096条人类基因的芯片杂交,利用计算机数据处理判断基因是否存在表达差异.结果显示：有123种基因的表达变化较显著,这些基因参与细胞周期进程、细胞代谢及蛋白质修饰、细胞外基质及细胞骨架蛋白的形成和调节、炎症反应、调节受体酪氨酸蛋白激酶和G蛋白耦联受体信号转导.     

孤儿G蛋白偶联受体hGPCRc的亚细胞定位及组织分布

利用相关生物信息学软件,对从人结肠组织克隆所得某一孤儿G蛋白偶联受体(orphanGprotein_coupledreceptors ,oGPCRs)成员hGPCRc的氨基酸序列进行分析显示,hGPCRc对应的氨基酸序列组成了七个跨膜区段的结构域,具备GPCR的结构特征;然后,将hGPCRc之cDNA与绿色荧光载体pEGFP-N₁ 构建GFP_hGPCRc表达载体,以空白质粒pEGFP-N₁ 作对照,转染CHO-K₁ 细胞,在激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察到空白质粒pEGFP-N₁ 转染的细胞表达了GFP并均匀分布于整个细胞,而GFP_hGPCRc转染的细胞观察到荧光清晰聚集于细胞膜和各细胞器质膜上,因而hGPCRc蛋白定位于膜上并稳定表达,与软件分析结果相一致;最后,以RT_PCR检测hGPCRc在2 0周龄胎儿重要组织器官及部分成人组织中的表达情况,结果显示hGPCRc在人心、肾、小脑及结肠等组织均有表达,但在肝、大脑、小肠及肌肉等组织里未检测到表达。该表达谱对于进一步认识hGPCRc在胚胎发育中的作用及生理功能提供了线索。     

凋亡和周期基因芯片研究As2O3对NB4细胞凋亡相关基因表达谱的影响

目的:利用细胞凋亡和周期基因芯片研究As₂O₃作用前后NB4细胞基因表达谱的差异性,寻找As₂O₃诱导NB4细胞凋亡的相关基因并分析其可能机制。方法:流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率,抽提对照及诱导组细胞的mRNA,通过逆转录将As₂O₃处理前后的NB4细胞cDNA进行生物素标记,用含269个目的基因的细胞凋亡和周期基因芯片进行杂交,GEArray软件分析,筛选出As₂O₃诱导前后表达有差异的基因。芯片结果用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(realtimepolymerasechainreaction)进行验证。结果:筛选出As₂O₃作用前后表达有差异的基因共100条(占芯片基因总数的37.2%),其中97条(97/100,97%)基因表达上调,3条(3/100,3%)基因表达下调。表达上调的基因主要包括肿瘤坏死因子配体和受体家族、bcl2家族、半胱氨酸家族、DNA损伤检测和P53途径以及细胞分裂周期蛋白和激酶等基因。结论:As₂O₃主要通过上调促凋亡基因表达来诱导NB4细胞凋亡,其中TNFSF15、Apaf1、Caspase3和p16等基因可能参与As₂O₃诱导的NB4细胞凋亡,As₂O₃诱导NB4细胞凋亡的可能机制主要涉及TNF途径、线粒体途径、Caspase途径、细胞周期抑制途径和P53途径等。     

hCGβ-CTP37多聚体的表达、纯化及其多克隆抗体的制备

目的:研究重组hCGβCTP₃7(CTP)多聚体编码基因在大肠杆菌BL21中的表达及表达产物多克隆抗体的制备。方法:分别将3、4个CTP编码基因通过串联的方式连接起来组成多聚体编码基因,进而将多聚体基因亚克隆入载体pGEX4T2中获得含目的基因的表达质粒pGEX4T2(CTP)n(n=3,4)。表达质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21,目的蛋白在IPTG诱导下进行表达。表达产物经谷胱甘肽转硫酶(GST)亲和层析柱纯化、凝血酶酶解去除GST后,获得多肽CTP₃和CTP₄。将其用于免疫家兔以制备多克隆抗体,并用ELISA法检测抗体滴度。结果:菌株经IPTG诱导后产生了大量可溶性的融合蛋白GSTCTPn(n=3,4),SDSPAGE分析表明融合蛋白GSTCTP₃和GSTCTP₄的表观分子量分别为38.0kDa和42.2kDa,纯化后的融合蛋白的纯度达到了90%以上;纯化的融合蛋白经牛凝血酶酶解,利用制备型SDSPAGE纯化,回收获得的多肽CTP₃和CTP₄的纯度均大于80%;将多肽CTP₃和CTP₄多次免疫家兔后,ELISA检测结果证实产生了滴度较高的多克隆抗体。结论:CTP多聚体能刺激家兔产生特异性抗体,这提示CTP多聚体有可能作为避孕疫苗或肿瘤疫苗的免疫原。     

重组人血管内皮细胞生长因子121 cDNA的基因克隆、表达和鉴定

应用RT-PCR方法,扩增人VEGF₁₂₁ cDNA基因片段,与酵母表达载体pPIC9K重组,获得表达质粒p9KVEGF₁₂₁.该质粒转化毕赤酵母菌GS115,用G418-YPD平板筛选高拷贝转化子,PCR鉴定VEGF₁₂₁ cDNA与酵母染色体整合状态,高拷贝转化子用甲醇诱导表达.工程菌用5 L发酵罐发酵,表达产物r-hVEGF₁₂₁占培养液中总蛋白量70%以上.纯化产物促进牛毛细血管内皮(BCE)细胞增殖,并强烈促进血管通透.     

文心兰乙烯不敏感基因EIN2的克隆及表达分析

该研究采用PCR、RACE方法,对文心兰‘南茜’的乙烯不敏感蛋白基因（ethylene insensitive 2,EIN2）进行克隆及生物信息学分析,并采用qRT PCR技术,对该基因在文心兰不同组织器官和不同花期中的表达模式进行分析。结果表明：（1）成功克隆得到文心兰_EIN2基因序列,命名为OnEIN2（MH497388）;该基因cDNA序列全长为4 177 bp,其中开放阅读框3 879 bp,编码1 292个氨基酸,3′非编码区长208 bp,5′非编码区长90 bp。（2）生物信息学分析显示OnEIN2是一个不稳定的疏水蛋白,含有跨膜结构,分子式为C₆₄₀₆H₉₉₈₈N₁₆₇₀O₁₈₉₇S₄₇;蛋白质分子量142.22 kD,理论等电点5.80。多序列比对和系统进化分析表明,文心兰EIN2与铁皮石斛EIN2的相似度最高（81.98%）,二者亲缘关系也最为接近。（3）实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,OnEIN2基因在根、茎、叶花中均有表达,在花中表达量最高,茎中表达量最低;而在不同花期中,盛开期表达量最高,其次是衰老期。研究表明,文心兰OnEIN2基因在开花和衰老过程中可能有重要的作用。     

中国人γ－干扰素cDNA在大肠杆菌中的高效表达

应用RT-PCR技术从中国人淋巴细胞mRNA反转录产物中克隆了IFN-γcDNA,序列分析证实了分子进化规律对IFN-γcDNA序列存在多态性的推论.在此基础上应用DNA重组技术,将去信号肽中国人IFN-γcDNA克隆到原核表达质粒pBV220 P_RP_L启动子下游,转化大肠杆菌DH5α,通过温度诱导表达,成功地在大肠杆菌中稳定、高效地表达了中国人IFN-γcDNA,其表达水平占全菌可溶性总蛋白的44.4%,初步复性后生物学活性测定结果表明γ-IFN表达量为0.45×10⁷～2.34×10⁷单位/L.     

人MCP cDNA的克隆、序列分析及同种型的比较

以人胚胎mRNA为模板,采用RT-PCR法得到了人补体调节蛋白膜辅蛋白(MCP)的一种cDNA全基因,序列分析结果表明,所获得的MCP cDNA为文献报道中10种同种型中的一种,属MCP-C₂型,该cDNA含一编码369个氨基酸的阅读框架,其中的STP区含14个氨基酸,由STP^C编码,胞浆尾区含23个氨基酸,为CYT₂,未发现有东西方人种之间的核苷酸的差异.     

NDV诱导HeLa细胞发生核糖体应激及对翻译起始复合体的影响

[目的]研究新城疫病毒(Newcastle disease virus,NDV) HBUN/LSRC/F3株(以下简称NDV F3)诱导宫颈癌细胞(HeLa)发生核糖体应激后对eIF2α介导的翻译起始复合体eIF4F的调控作用。[方法]流式细胞术及CCK-8检测细胞凋亡;实时荧光定量PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)检测c-Myc基因表达;流式细胞术分析细胞周期;Western blotting技术检测c-Myc、RPS7、Bcl-2、NP、eIF4E及eIF2α蛋白的表达;Western blotting和免疫荧光染色技术检测NP、eIF4E蛋白定位。[结果]与阴性对照组相比,NDV F3抑制HeLa细胞增殖并诱导细胞凋亡。细胞周期中G₀/G₁期出现停滞,c-Myc表达呈时间依赖性抑制,c-Myc与Bcl-2蛋白表达量在0-48 h内逐渐下降,NP蛋白在24 h时生成并逐渐增加,RPS7、eIF4E和eIF2α蛋白含量在0-48 h内呈先增加后降低趋势。Western blotting定位分析及激光共聚焦显微镜结果显示NP蛋白主要存在细胞质中,NP与eIF4E存在共定位现象。[结论]NDV F3诱导HeLa细胞凋亡并引发核糖体应激反应,NP与eIF4E相互作用而抑制eIF2α介导的翻译起始复合体eIF4F形成,阻断其与宿主mRNA之间的联系,同时促进NDV F3 mRNA的翻译,最终造成宿主蛋白翻译抑制。     

水稻雄性不育与可育花药的mRNA差别显示和cDNA差别片段的分析

用mRNA差别显示 ,对水稻细胞质雄性不育系、保持系和F1杂种的花药mRNA和叶片mRNA进行了比较和分析 ,以研究雄性不育花药在花粉败育时期的基因表达方式 .花药在不育与可育间显示的cDNA差别带数多于叶片 ,表明在花药中育性基因的表达比叶片中活跃和充分 .不同类型花药的基因转录方式既与花药育性程度有关也与花药败育早晚有关 ,不育、部分不育和早期败育的花药所显示的cDNA差别带数多于可育和晚期败育的花药 .在回收的 1 2个cDNA差别片段中 ,有2个可能与雄性不育相关 ,AB₄A₅ 片段只在不育花药中专一表达 ,另一片段AB₃ B₂ 含有与线粒体基因coxⅡ同源的序列 ,在不育花药中的表达受到部分抑制     

cDNA cloning, functional expression and cellular localization of rat liver mitochondrial electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase protein

A 64 kD protein was enriched from rat liver mito-chondria during the purification of choline dehydro-genase (CHDH)[1]. Homologous comparison and func-tional experiments demonstrated that the protein was electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreduc-tase protein (ETF-QO). The N-terminal sequence determination of rat liver ETF-QO protein purified by various methods did not provide unequivocal result. However, when the protein was digested with V8 protease, peptide fragments could b…     

cDNA cloning,functional expression and cellular localization of rat liver mitochondrial electron-transfer flavoprotein-ubiquinone oxidoreductase protein

A membrane-bound protein was purified from rat liver mitochondria. After being digested with V8 protease, two peptides containing identical 14 amino acid residue sequences were obtained. Using the 14 amino acid peptide derived DNA sequence as gene specific primer, the cDNA of correspondent gene 5′-terminal and 3′-terminal were obtained by RACE technique. The full-length cDNAthat encoded a protein of 616 amino acids was thus cloned, which included the above mentioned peptide sequence. The full length cDNA was highly homologous to that of human ETF-QO, indicating that it may be the cDNA of rat ETF-QO. ETF-QO is an iron sulfur protein located in mitochondria inner membrane containing two kinds of redox center: FAD and [4Fe-4S] center. After comparing the sequence from the cDNA of the 616 amino acids protein with that of the mature protein of rat liver mitochondria, it was found that the N terminal 32 amino acid residues did not exist in the mature protein, indicating that the cDNA was that of ETF-QOp. When the cDNA was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with inducible vectors, the protein product was enriched in mitochondrial fraction and exhibited electron transfer activity (NBT reductase activity) of ETF-QO. Results demonstrated that the 32 amino acid peptide was a mitochondrial targeting peptide, and both FAD and iron-sulfur cluster were inserted properly into the expressed ETF-QO. ETF-QO had a high level expression in rat heart, liver and kidney. The fusion protein of GFP-ETF-QO co-localized with mitochondria in COS-7 cells.     

Derivation of the sequence of the signal peptide in human C4b-binding protein and interspecies cross-hybridisation of the C4bp cDNA sequence

A 5' cDNA clone coding for human C4b-binding protein (C4bp) was isolated, characterised and sequenced to complete the cDNA sequence coding for residues 1-32 thus confirming the protein sequence data of Chung et al. [(1985) Biochem. J. 230, 133-141]. The sequence extended to allow derivation of the putative leader peptide sequence which was 32 residues in length and showed a high of hydrophobicity typical of other documented leader sequences. Cross hybridisation was detected between the human C4bp cDNA probes and genomic DNA isolated from various species on Southern blots suggesting that genomic sequence homologous to that coding for C4bp has been conserved during evolution.     

重组抗人活化血小板单链抗体-尿激酶原导向溶栓剂的基因构建及表达

为了获得特异性高的导向溶栓药物,应用PCR技术,得到抗人活化血小板单抗(SZ-51)的Fab′基因片段。再用酶切方法,将Fab′中CH1基因片段替换成合成的连接分子(linker)基因,构建成单链抗体基因,并插入到人尿激酶原分泌肽基因及低分子量单链尿激酶(scu-PA-32k)之间,最终构建成重组抗人活化血小板单链抗体-尿激酶原融合蛋白基因。此融合蛋白基因在昆虫细胞中得到表达。纯化的表达产物SDS-PAGE鉴定,其分子量约为60kD,与预期值相符。其比活为9000IU/mg蛋白。ELISA法初步证明此重组的融合蛋白具有与活化血小板抗原结合特异性。     

RGC-32 increases p34CDC2 kinase activity and entry of aortic smooth muscle cells into S-phase.

Proliferation of aortic smooth muscle cells contributes to atherogenesis and neointima formation. Sublytic activation of complement, particularly C5b-9, induces cell cycle progression in aortic smooth muscle cells. RGC-32 is a novel protein that may promote cell cycle progression in response to complement activation. We cloned human RGC-32 cDNA from a human fetal brain cDNA library. The human RGC-32 cDNA encodes a 117-amino acid protein with 92% similarity to the rat and mouse protein. Human RGC-32 maps to chromosome 13 and is expressed in most tissues. Sublytic complement activation enhanced RGC-32 mRNA expression in human aortic smooth muscle cells and induced nuclear translocation of the protein. RGC-32 was physically associated with cyclin-dependent kinase p34CDC2 and increased the kinase activity in vivo and in vitro. In addition, RGC-32 was phosphorylated by p34CDC2-cyclin B1 in vitro. Mutation of RGC-32 protein at Thr-91 prevented the p34CDC2-mediated phosphorylation and resulted in loss of p34CDC2 kinase enhancing activity. Overexpression of RGC-32 induced quiescent aortic smooth muscle cells to enter S-phase. These data indicate that cell cycle activation by C5b-9 may involve p34CDC2 activity through RGC-32. RGC-32 appears to be a cell cycle regulatory factor that mediates cell proliferation, both as an activator and substrate of p34CDC2.     

CoPK32 is a novel stress-responsive protein kinase in the mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea

Background

In a previous study, we conducted an expression cloning screen of a cDNA library prepared from Coprinopsis cinerea mycelia using Multi-PK antibodies and detected a wide variety of Ser/Thr protein kinases. One of the isolated clones, CMZ032, was found to encode a putative Ser/Thr protein kinase designated CoPK32. In the present study, we investigated the biochemical properties and physiological significance of CoPK32.

Methods

CoPK32 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and its biochemical properties were examined. The effects of high osmotic stresses on the growth of C. cinerea and on the endogenous CoPK32 activity in mycelia were also examined.

Results

CoPK32 showed autophosphorylation activity and effectively phosphorylated exogenous protein substrates. CoPK32S, a splice variant that was 18 amino acids shorter than CoPK32, showed much lower protein kinase activity than CoPK32. The catalytic properties of CoPK32 deletion mutants suggested that the C-terminal region of CoPK32 was important for the kinase activity and recognition of substrates. CoPK32 was highly expressed in the actively growing region of the mycelial colony. When mycelia were stimulated by high osmotic stresses, endogenous CoPK32 was markedly activated and the mycelial growth was severely inhibited. The activation of CoPK32 activity by high osmotic stresses was abrogated by SB202190 or SB239063 as well-known inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.

Conclusions

CoPK32 is involved in the stress response pathway in mycelia of C. cinerea in response to environmental stresses.

General significance

In C. cinerea, protein kinases such as CoPK32 play important roles in signal transduction pathways involved in stress responses.     

人组织性纤溶酶原激活物衍生物在大肠杆菌硫氧化还原蛋白融合表达系统中的表达

目的:克隆含tPA中355个氨基酸密码子(1-3和176-527氨基酸)的cDNA序列(tPA355),将其在大肠杆菌融合蛋白表达系统中表达,并在体外复性使其具有激活纤溶酶原的生物活性。方法:采用RT-PCR技术从人黑色素瘤细胞Bowes中克隆出tPA355cDNA,然后在pET32a(+)BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌表达系统中表达,将表达出的融合蛋白Trx-tPA355(Thioredoxin,Trx)包涵体在体外进行变性、复性和纯化以使其具有激活纤溶酶原的生物活性。结果:测序结果表明本研究克隆的编码tPA中355个氨基酸密码子的cDNA序列与美国专利(公开号:5,587,159)中对应的序列完全一致,将其在pET32a(+)/BL21(DE3)大肠杆菌表达系统中表达可获得稳定表达的融合蛋白Trx-tPA355包涵体,该包涵体占菌体总蛋白的30%左右,此融合蛋白经变性、复性后具有激活纤溶酶原的生物活性。结论:含tPA中355个氨基酸密码子(1-3和176-527氨基酸)的cDNA在大肠杆菌Trx融合蛋白表达系统中可获得稳定表达,表达的融合蛋白产物在体外经变性、复性后具有激活纤溶酶原的生物活性。     

Molecular cloning and expression of Galbeta1,3GalNAc alpha2, 3-sialyltransferase from human fetal liver.

Based on the sequences of the highly conserved segments in the previously cloned sialyltransferases, a cDNA encoding Galbeta1, 3GalNAc alpha2,3-sialyltransferase (SIATFL) has been isolated from human fetal liver. Expression analysis of the gene has been performed with various carcinoma cell lines, fetal tissues, fetal and adult liver and both hepatoma and the surrounding tissue from the same liver. The SIATFL gene was expressed poorly in fetal liver and in adult liver, slightly in hepatoma and highly in the surrounding tissue of hepatoma. The cDNA encoding the putative active domain was expressed in COS-1, Escherichia coli, and Pichia pastoris. The recombinant protein expressed in COS-1 could catalyse the transfer of NeuAc from CMP-NeuAc to asialo-fetuin. No enzyme activity was detected with a 32-kDa protein in E. coli and both 32-kDa and 41-kDa proteins in P. pastoris. These results suggested that correct glycosylation of the enzyme might play a key role in its folding that may be directly related to the enzymatic activity.