鲻鱼寄生蠕虫种群和群落组成分析

从1018尾鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus L．）体内获得各类寄生蠕虫9种,共2133个虫体,其中复殖吸虫8种,棘头虫1种。寄生蠕虫总的感染率为24．4％,感染强度1－81,平均感染强度为8．8,平均密度为2．3。鲻长尾吸虫（Elonginus mugilus）和双睾原单脏吸虫（Prohaplanchnus diorchis）的感染率随着宿主体长增加而下降,而楔形单脏吸虫（Haplosplanchnus cuneatus）、长形单脏吸虫（H．elongatus）、浦里单脏吸虫（H．purii）、惠东拟囊腔吸虫（Saccocoelioides huidongensis）、粤东纵睾吸虫（Tandemorchis yuedongensis）、单睾椭宝贵虫（Elliptobursa singlorchis）和圆颚针鱼新棘吻虫（Neoechinorhynchus tylosuri）的感染率与宿主体长相关不显著（P＞0．05）。研究结果还表明,楔形单脏吸虫、长表单脏吸虫、惠东拟囊腔吸虫和浦里单脏吸虫的感染强度则随着宿主体长增加而增大,其余5种寄生蠕虫的感染强度与宿主体长相关性不显著（P＞0．05）,鲻鱼寄生蠕虫在不同月的感染率和种群数量差异,除10月与11月及8月与9月不明显外（P＞0．05）,其余月份之间的差异显著（P＜0．01）。根据感染率和种群密度变化分析,优势种为惠东拟囊腔虫;通过模糊聚类分析,将鲻鱼体内寄生蠕虫组分群落分为3个亚群,宿主体长小于70mm的寄生蠕虫亚组分群落的平均种数、优势度、感染指数、多蠕虫组分群落分为3个亚群,宿主体长小于70mm的寄生蠕虫亚组分群落的平均种数、优势度、感染指数、多样性指标、平均密度和感染强度相对较低;体长于70mm的亚组分群落下值则随体长增加而上升,而平均种数减少。     

丹江口水库鲤肠道寄生蠕虫群落结构与季节动态

2004年2月到2005年11月在丹江口水库库区206尾鲤(Cyprinus carpio)肠道中检获蠕虫11种,其中复殖吸虫3种,线虫5种,棘头虫2种,绦虫1种。总体感染率为45.63%,平均感染丰度为4.23±12.65,平均感染强度为9.29±17.48,其中饭岛盾腹吸虫(Aspidogaster ijimai)的总感染率(25.24%)和平均感染丰度(1.76±6.46)最大,瓣睾鲫吸虫(Carassatrema lamellorchis)的感染强度(25.00±46.68)最大。除部分平均感染丰度较低的线虫如鲤带巾线虫(Cucullanus cyprini)外,其他蠕虫的分布类型均为聚集分布,蠕虫群落多样性指数为4.63,均匀度指数为0.60,对群落多样性的季节动态分析表明,各季节群落多样性和均匀度波动较大,并无明显变化规律。每尾鲤感染蠕虫种数多在1—4种之间,所有感染的11种蠕虫中优势种为饭岛盾腹吸虫;次优势种为日本侧殖吸虫(Asymphylodora japonica)、中华许氏绦虫(Khawia sinensis)、瓣睾棘吸虫和鲤长棘吻虫(Rhadinarhynchus cyprini);非优势种为对盲囊线虫(Contracaecum sp.)、鲤带巾线虫、鲤杆咽吸虫(Rhabdochona cyprini)、黄颡刺盖线虫(Spinitectus gigi)、毛细线虫(Capillaria sp.)和木村小棘吻虫(Micracanthorhynchina motomurai)。在种间协调关系方面,鲤杆咽线虫和瓣睾鲫吸虫、鲤长棘吻虫和饭岛盾腹吸虫、对盲囊线虫和木村小棘吻虫、鲤长棘吻虫和木村小棘吻虫之间分别存在显著正关联。对优势种和次优势种蠕虫中种群的季节动态分析表明,鲤寄生蠕虫各组分的感染率和平均感染丰度存在显著的季节差异,在秋、冬季节的感染水平普遍比较高,而到春夏则急剧下降,但中华许氏绦虫无显著季节变化。     

河南济源马铁菊头蝠不同越冬期肠道寄生蠕虫群落比较

2005～2006年和2006～2007年冬季分别对济源市人工隧道马铁菊头蝠(Rhinolophusferrmequinum)越冬群消化道寄生蠕虫进行了调查并对其寄生蠕虫群落进行比较。结果显示,济源市人工隧道马铁菊头蝠越冬期消化道寄生蠕虫共有5种,2种吸虫,即济源中孔吸虫(Mesotretes jiyuanensis)和朝鲜斜睾吸虫(Plagiorchis koreanus),2种绦虫,即垦丁蝙蝠绦虫(Vampirolepis kengtingensis)和东北蝙蝠绦虫(V.toohokuensis),1种线虫,即比勒陀利亚圆钩线虫(Strongylacantha pretoriensis)。2006～2007年越冬期缺少了垦丁蝙蝠绦虫。2005～2006年越冬期总感染率为94.74%,吸虫和线虫的感染率分别为73.68%和63.18%,2006～2007年总感染率为91.30%,吸虫和线虫的感染率分别为78.26%和65.22%。两个越冬群感染平均强度和平均密度比较高的是济源中孔吸虫和比勒陀利亚圆钩线虫,优势种以济源中孔吸虫和比勒陀利亚圆钩线虫为主;所感染蝙蝠体内寄生2种蠕虫的蝙蝠个体在两个冬眠群中占蝙蝠总数的比例都比较高(约50%以上);虫体数量在30条以内的蝙蝠个体约占蝙蝠感染总数的75%以上。数量较多的朝鲜斜睾吸虫、济源中孔吸虫和比勒陀利亚圆钩线虫在越冬群马铁菊头蝠消化道内彼此间没有明显的协同或排斥作用,这3种寄生蠕虫的寄生事件应该是相互独立的。结果表明,济源市人工隧道越冬马铁菊头蝠群消化道寄生蠕虫感染率比较高,不同年度冬眠期消化道内寄生蠕虫除朝鲜斜睾吸虫的平均强度和平均密度差异显著之外,相同种类之间几乎没有差异,冬眠期蝙蝠寄生蠕虫的群落结构几乎没有变化。     

西藏黑斑原鮡消化道寄生蠕虫的群落结构和感染情况

为了解西藏特有鱼类黑斑原鮡(Glyptosternum maculatum)消化道寄生蠕虫的群落结构和感染情况, 于2019年5—8月对383尾黑斑原鮡进行了调查。在黑斑原鮡消化道中共发现7种寄生蠕虫, 分别为深槽绦虫未定种(Bothriocephalus sp.)、原头绦虫未定种(Proteocephalus sp.)、异肉吸虫未定种(Allocreadium sp.)、新棘吻虫未定种(Neoechinorhynchus sp.)、裸鲤棘头虫(Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii)、Contracaecum eudyptulae和杆咽线虫未定种(Rhabdochona sp.), 并对各个物种的形态特征进行了描述。将黑斑原鮡按整个群体、不同性别和不同全长群体进行划分, 分别对其消化道寄生蠕虫的群落多样性和优势虫种进行分析, 并对各寄生蠕虫物种的感染情况进行统计。结果表明: 在黑斑原鮡群体中, 消化道寄生蠕虫群落的Shannon-Wiener指数为1.53, Berger-Parker指数为0.37, 优势物种为C. eudyptulae, 其感染数量、感染率、感染强度和平均丰度均为最高; 在黑斑原鮡不同性别群体中, Shannon-Wiener指数为0.26—1.57, Berger-Parker指数为0.34—0.93, 优势物种为C. eudyptulae, 雄性群体中新棘吻虫未定种也为优势虫种, 两者的感染率和平均丰度均较高; 在黑斑原鮡不同全长群体中, Shannon-Wiener指数为0.22—1.59, Berger-Parker指数为0.34—0.94, 优势物种为C. eudyptulae或新棘吻虫未定种, 感染率和平均丰度基本以二者为最高。研究进一步明确了西藏鱼类寄生虫的种类组成和寄生特点, 为研究体内寄生蠕虫的环境适应性及与宿主的协同进化提供基础资料。     

西藏羊卓雍错高原裸鲤肠道寄生蠕虫的群落生态

为研究西藏羊卓雍错Yamdrok Lake高原裸鲤肠道寄生蠕虫的群落生态,探索寄生虫与西藏高原环境和独特的鱼类宿主三者之间的相互关系,以肠道寄生蠕虫为对象,于2020年7月对180尾高原裸鲤Gymnocypris waddellii [雌性120尾,雄性60尾,全长22.20—49.20 cm,平均全长(36.76±4.18) cm,体重77.3—896.7 g,平均体重(425.92±148.27) g]进行了剖检,对群落结构和种间关系等群落生态进行了分析。羊卓雍错高原裸鲤肠道寄生蠕虫群落由5个物种构成,分别为聂氏似短节绦虫Parabreviscolex niepini、对盲囊线虫Contracaecum eudyptulae、束首线虫未定种Streptocara sp.、新棘吻虫未定种Neoechinorhynchus sp.和异肉吸虫未定种Allocreadium sp.。感染率从高到低依次为新棘吻虫未定种、聂氏似短节绦虫、异肉吸虫未定种、对盲囊线虫和束首线虫未定种。平均丰度从高到低依次为聂氏似短节绦虫、新棘吻虫未定种、束首线虫未定种、异肉吸虫未定种和对盲囊线虫。群落的Marga...     

福建省大田县山羊的寄生蠕虫种群和群落生态分析

从３０只山羊体内检得寄生蠕虫１３种,其中吸虫６种、绦蚴１种、线虫６种．总感染率为１００％,平均感染强度为６４６条．其中以鹿同盘吸虫的感染率、平均感染强度为最高．山羊感染蠕虫种类在１～８种之间．种群分布型均为聚集分布,优势种有８种．该寄生蠕虫群落中各种群感染率和密度与山羊性别和年龄无关．种间关联分析表明该寄生蠕虫群落中具亲和性的种对有７对,关联和负关联达显著水平以上的种对分别有２对和３对．     

丹江口水库马口鱼肠道寄生蠕虫群落结构

从2004年8月到2005年11月在丹江口水库调查的847尾马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)肠道内共获得寄生蠕虫14种,其中线虫7种,复殖吸虫4种,棘头虫2种,绦虫1种。该寄生蠕虫群落以广谱性寄生虫为主。杜父鱼驼形线虫(Camallanus cotti)、鱊头槽绦虫(Bothriocephalus acheilognathi)、卡斯杆咽线虫(Rhabdochona cascadilla)和木村小棘吻虫(Micracanthorhynchina motomurai)为群落的核心种。研究结果表明,寄生蠕虫群落随着马口鱼的体长和食性的改变而发生显著的变化。群落核心种的感染强度与马口鱼体长呈显著相关关系。种间相关性分析表明群落结构呈非随机组合,种间感染强度存在显著的相关性。同时群落种间关系受到马口鱼的体长和食性以及季节变化的显著影响。马口鱼肠道寄生蠕虫群落在宿主较大个体或夏秋季节中更容易形成显著的种间相关性。     

渤海湾头鲻、鳆鲻的寄生动物 Ⅰ.汉沽地区

本文报道了汉沽地区头鲻、(鱼夋)鲻的寄生动物共7种,其中单殖类吸虫1种、复殖类吸虫1种、线虫幼虫1种、棘头虫2种、寄生桡足类2种。对多刺四旋棘虫、新种Quadrigyrus polyspinosus进行了形态上的描述。     

西藏拉萨河鱼类内寄生蠕虫的种类组成及其群落特征

2004年7月对西藏拉萨河鱼类的体内寄生蠕虫进行了调查,共采集到7种鱼类,其中6种隶属于裂腹鱼亚科,1种隶属于鳅科。在这些鱼类中,共发现了2种棘头虫和1种棘头虫未定种、3种线虫、3种绦虫及异肉吸虫属(Allocreadium)的种类。它们分别是青海新棘吻虫(Neoechinorhynchus qinghaiensis)、裸鲤棘头虫(Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii)和新棘吻虫未定种(Neoechinorhynchus sp.),希蚋杆咽线虫(Rhabdochona hellichi)、对盲囊线虫(Contracaecum sp.)和胃瘤线虫(Eustrongylides sp.),东方短结绦虫(Breviscolex orientalis)、舌状绦虫(Ligula sp.)和裂头绦虫(Diphyllobothrium sp.),以及寄生裂腹鱼的异肉吸虫(Allocreadium spp.)。对青海新棘吻虫、杆咽线虫、东方短结绦虫、异肉吸虫和新棘吻虫未定种在鱼类中发育成熟的寄生虫进行了形态描述。从不同的裂腹鱼中获得的异肉吸虫属的种类未能鉴定到种;其他没有鉴定到种的寄生虫主要是利用鱼类作为中间寄主的种类,其种类鉴定则有赖于成虫的获得。迄今为止,青海新棘吻虫和裂腹鱼异肉吸虫(A.schizothoracis)仅在裂腹鱼类中被发现,可能表明裂腹鱼具有特异性的棘头虫和异肉吸虫。在所检查的7种鱼类中,除异齿裂腹鱼(Schizothorax oconnori)没有发现蠕虫外,其他6种鱼都发现了4~6种蠕虫,显示较高的物种丰富度;5种裂腹鱼蠕虫群落的Shannon-Wiener指数较高(0·6131~1·5434),而细尾高原鳅(Triplophysa stenura)的较低(0·2911);5种裂腹鱼寄生虫群落之间的相似性相对较高,为(0·1732±0·2303)~(0·3751±0·2758),而裂腹鱼与细尾高原鳅的相似性则较低,为(0·0288±0·0877)~(0·0916±0·1618)。在这些寄生蠕虫中,以鱼类为中间宿主的寄生虫种类有4种,他们都以鸟类为终末寄主,因而也在一定程度上反映了该地区的动物区系组成。     

渤海湾头鲻、鲮鲻的寄生动物——Ⅱ.蓬莱地区

蓬莱地区头鲻、(鱼夋)鲻的寄生动物区系由9种组成:单殖类吸虫1种、复殖类吸虫1种、绦虫胚囊蚴1种、线虫1种、棘头虫2种、寄生桡足类3种。(鱼夋)棘头虫 Acanthocephalus lizus 及卷尾带巾线虫Cucullanus spirocaudus 均为新种。首次发现了侧尾鱼虱 Caligus laticaudus Shiino 的第3期附着幼体。文中对上述2新种及侧尾鱼虱第3附着幼体的形态特征进行了描述。     

Helminth communities of the lesser sandeel Ammodytes tobianus L. off the west coast of Ireland

The helminth parasites present in 412 lesser sandeels (Ammodytes tobianus) taken from June 1996 to May 1997 from the Aran Islands on the west coast of Ireland were examined. Ten helminth parasite species were recorded, and more than 92% of the sandeels were infected with at least 1 helminth species. Seven of the species were digeneans, including Brachyphallus crenatus, Hemiurus communis, Derogenes varicus, Lecithaster gibbosus, Opechona bacillaris, Cryptocotyle lingua, and Galactosomum lacteum; 2 nematodes, including Hysterothylacium sp. and Contracaecum sp.; and 1 cestode, Scolex pleuronectis. Three of the 7 digenean species were either larvae or immature. Only 2 species, the digeneans G. lacteum and H. communis, had prevalences greater than 50%. The dominant species was G. lacteum, accounting for 67% of all parasites present. The relationship between spawned groups, host length, and season versus the abundance, prevalence, species richness, and the total number of parasites in the infracommunities was investigated. No difference was found between the parasite communities of the 2 spawning races of the host population. Mean abundance and prevalence of the different parasite species showed seasonal variation. Numbers of parasite species and numbers of parasites increased with fish length. The role of A. tobianus as an intermediate host for helminths was assessed; it was determined that most were infectious to birds or mammals, with the majority of the parasite species being autogenic (infectious to fish). The mean number of parasites per fish was nearly a quarter of the value recorded for A. tobianus in the North Sea, where a much higher intensity of infection was recorded.     

Helminth infracommunities of Rana vaillanti brocchi (Anura: Ranidae) in Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico

A total of 76 adult individuals of Rana vaillanti were collected in Laguna Escondida, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico, and their helminth infracommunity structure was determined. Among the 21 helminth taxa collected (10 digeneans, 8 nematodes, and 3 acanthocephalans), the digenean Langeronia macrocirra reached the highest prevalence (64.4%), mean abundance (6.6), and mean intensity (10.4), as well as the highest total number of individuals (499). Only 2 frogs were uninfected, the remainder harbored between 1 and 7 helminth species and 1-102 individuals; mean species richness and abundance were 3.49 +/- 0.22 and 16.1 +/- 16.3, respectively. Langeronia macrocirra dominated in 50.6% of the infracommunities, with relatively low Berger-Parker index values (0.56); for this reason, the evenness was high (0.70 +/- 0.31), and consequently, diversity values are the highest recorded to date in species of Rana. However, patterns of helminth infracommunity richness and diversity were similar to those previously observed in amphibians. This structure is attributed to the feeding habits (between 66.7 and 81% of helminth species parasitizing R. vaillanti enter using the food web dynamics) and low vagility (the remainder species infect by host penetration).     

Distribution of the cestode Caryophyllaeides fennica (Cestoda: Lytocestidae) in the population of cyprinid fish in the Rybinsk water reservoir

The distribution of the cestode Caryophyllaeides fennica in populations of the ide, roach, white bream and bream from the Rybinsk reservoir has been analyzed in regard to fish age. The relative abundance of C. fennica in populations of each host species was calculated as product of the helminthes abundance by the fish number in age groups. The highest prevalence and abundance of cestodes was found in the ide. All age classes of this species were infected, with the maximum in fishes of the age 3+ ... 5+. The roach is infected with C. fennica till only 10-year age; brean is infected till the age 4+. In the white bream C. fennica is an occasional parasite. The cestode number among hosts was as follows: bream--68%; roach--26%, ide--5%, white bream--1%. Different approaches to the estimation of the parasite abundance distribution among several host species (in terms of mean prevalence and intensity of the relative abundance of parasites) are discussed.     

Digenean species diversity in teleost fishes from the Gulf of Gabes, Tunisia (Western Mediterranean)

This study is the first attempt to survey the diversity of fish digeneans in the Gulf of Gabes (southern coast of Tunisia). A total of 779 fishes belonging to 32 species were sampled. 53 species of Digenea belonging to 15 families were recorded. Among these species, 24 are reported for the first time from the coast of Tunisia. We report one new host record, Lecithochirium sp. from Sardinella aurita. The Hemiuridae is the dominant family. A host-parasite list is presented with the information on the prevalence, abundance and mean intensity of each species collected. The diversity of Digenea is compared with other localities in the Mediterranean Sea and the northern east of Tunisia. The Gulf of Gabes shows the lowest diversity linked to the anthropogenic activities and impact of exotic species. The use of Digenea as indicators of the state of the ecosystem is discussed.     

长江黄州江段长须黄颡鱼肠道内寄生棘头虫的生态研究

解剖检查了 133尾捕自长江黄州江段的长须黄颡鱼 ,发现寄主感染长江丽棘虫的感染率为 4 8.9% ,感染强度为 5 .4 (虫 /尾 ) ,平均密度为 2 .6 (虫 /尾 ) ,感染鲇异棘虫的感染率为 2 1.8% ,感染强度为 5 .5 (虫 /尾 ) ,平均密度为1.2 (虫 /尾 ) ,两种棘头虫在长须黄颡鱼种群中均为聚集分布 ;当两种棘头虫共同寄生在宿主肠道内时 ,其感染强度和单独感染时相比没有显著差异 ,但是 ,各自的生态位宽度均变小 ;两种棘头虫的正关联关系显著。     

The helminth fauna of amphibians of open canals in meliorated regions of the Belorussian Poles'e

The helminth fauna from amphibians inhabiting open channels of different meliorated territories of the Belorussian Polesie was investigated in 1986-2000. 31 species of helminthes were found in these animals. Total infection rate with helminthes is 89.1%. A role of amphibians in a formation of natural foci of helminthoses of medical and veterinary importance is discussed.     

藏羚寄生蠕虫卵粪检调查初报

2004年12月25日~2005年1月5日对位于青藏公路楚玛尔河大桥附近集群的藏羚(Pantholopshodgsoni),随机拣取其新鲜粪便共计36份带回实验室。利用漂浮法、沉淀法对粪样进行寄生虫蠕虫卵检查,结果显示,粪样中存在有细颈属(Nematodirus)、马歇尔属(Marshallagia)线虫卵和莫尼茨属(Moniezia)绦虫卵,其感染率在19.4%~94.4%之间,感染强度(EPG)分别为5.58、5.11和2.86。结果表明,冬季藏羚的寄生蠕虫感染率高,但感染种类少和感染强度低。     

Prevalence and intensity of Angiostrongylus cantonensis in freshwater snails in relation to some ecological and biological factors

The purpose of the study was to record different intermediate hosts of A. cantonensis and to determine the infection prevalence and intensity of this parasite in freshwater snails in relation to some ecological and biological factors. The study was conducted at Al-Salam irrigation Canal and Al-Abtal village (north Sinai) for one year, from March 2004 to February 2005. Thirteen species of freshwater snails of nine families were examined for A. cantonensis infection. Six species were found infected with A. cantonensis larvae. These species were L. carinatus, C. bulimoides, C. cyclostomoides, B. alexandrina, L. natalensis and M. tuberculta. The infection prevalence of A. cantonensis in the examined snails ranged from 0.63 to 2.24%. L. carinatus snail had the highest prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of A. cantonensis infection. Positive correlations were found between both prevalence and mean abundance of A. cantonensis and host size in L. carinatus and M. tuberculata. Negative correlations were detected between salinity and prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of larvae of A. cantonensis. The results demonstrated seasonal and spatial variation in the prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity of infection among examined snails. In this study, A. cantonensis larvae were found in a wide range of freshwater snails and M. tuberculata snail was recorded as a new intermediate host for the first time. In conclusion, further investigations in other areas and controlled laboratory experiments of infection approaches are required to evaluate the possible threat of this parasite on humans.