共查询到13条相似文献，搜索用时 47 毫秒
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构筑蛋白质的编码信息存在于高度保守的密码子表中,而生物体仅利用20种天然氨基酸,就能排列组合出不同的蛋白质来行使多种生物学功能。通过合成生物学的飞速发展,使得在蛋白质合成中可控地引入非天然氨基酸成为可能。这极大地拓展了蛋白质的结构和功能,并为生物学工具的开发和生物生理过程的研究提供了便利。具有活性基团的非天然氨基酸可以广泛地应用于蛋白质结构研究、蛋白质功能调控以及新型生物材料构建和医药研发等诸多领域。基因密码子拓展技术利用正交翻译系统,通过重新分配密码子改造中心法则,可以在蛋白质的指定位点引入非天然氨基酸。系统地介绍了目前提升密码子拓展技术插入非天然氨基酸效率的方法,包括tRNA以及氨酰tRNA合成酶的各种突变方法和翻译辅助因子的改造。汇总了利用古细菌酪氨酰tRNA合成酶插入的非天然氨基酸和突变位点并总结了密码子拓展技术在生物医药领域的前沿进展。最后讨论了该项技术目前所面临的挑战,如可利用的密码子数量不多、正交翻译系统的种类有限和非天然氨基酸多插效率低下。希望能够帮助研究者建立适合的非天然氨基酸插入方法并推动密码子拓展技术进一步发展。 相似文献
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利用重组质粒 pNeo-CK与 pNeo-CKLacZ和表达乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )病毒S抗原的重组痘苗病毒RVJ12 3[1] ,构建了非复制型重组痘苗病毒RVJ12 3ΔCK。Southernblot证实 ,非复制型重组病毒RVJ12 3ΔCK基因组C和K片段间与宿主范围和毒力相关的基因稳定缺失 ,同时 ,J片段中插入的乙肝S抗原基因稳定存在。重组病毒RVJ12 3ΔCK在鸡胚成纤维母细胞中可良好繁殖 ,而在人源细胞系中不繁殖或仅低度繁殖 ,但都能表达HBsAg ,并且在病毒一个复制周期内 ,复制型和非复制型病毒HBsAg表达水平无明显差别。 相似文献
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通过遗传密码子扩展技术位点特异性插入非天然氨基酸(noncanonical amino acids,ncAAs)可在原子水平上对蛋白质的结构与功能进行操控。目前该技术能够向包括高等动植物在内的各种生命体中插入200多种ncAAs,已被广泛应用于生物医药领域。凭借能够在蛋白质中定点引入可控生物正交化学官能团的独特优势,该技术不仅可以用于蛋白质及多肽药物的研发,提高蛋白质及多肽药物的质量与疗效,而且可以为一些人类重大疾病的预防和治疗提供开创性解决方案。本文将重点关注遗传密码子扩展技术的前沿进展及其在各类抗体、细胞因子以及抗菌肽等蛋白质及多肽类药物中的应用,同时也对其衍生的新型生物治疗手段进行简单阐述。 相似文献
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蛋白质翻译后修饰产生的3-氯酪氨酸 (3-Cl-Tyr)与多种疾病相关,包括帕金森病、哮喘、动脉粥样硬化等． 在动脉粥样硬化患者中发现AopA1 192位酪氨酸有高水平的氯化, 显示此种修饰可能会促进病变．为了研究酪氨酸氯代对蛋白质功能的调控作用,我们发展了将3-Cl-Tyr定点特异插入到蛋白质中的方法． 因为3-Cl-Tyr酚羟基上的质子比酪氨酸(Tyr)更容易解离,具有更低的pKa,在绿色荧光蛋白GFP及其突变体,以及光转化荧光蛋白mEOS2荧光活性中心中分别用3-Cl-Tyr取代Tyr,使得GFP发色基团的pKa降低到4.7,并且具有与EGFP相似的量子产率,使mEOS2 发色基团的pKa降低到4.2.这样使得荧光蛋白的发色基团在酸性条件下仍然能以去质子化形式存在,在500 nm以上仍然具有较强吸收,避免了用400 nm左右激光激发及其对细胞及细胞器造成的光损伤．这种新型的荧光蛋白突变体将适用于溶酶体、吞噬酶体等酸性细胞器． 相似文献
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《Journal of molecular biology》2022,434(8):167424
Various post-translational modifications can naturally occur on proteins, regulating the activity, subcellular localization, interaction, or stability of the proteins. However, it can be challenging to decipher the biological implication or physiological roles of site-specific modifications due to their dynamic and sub-stoichiometric nature. Genetic code expansion method, relying on an orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair, enables site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids. Here we focus on the application of genetic code expansion to study site-specific protein post-translational modification in vitro and in vivo. After a brief introduction, we discuss possibilities of incorporating non-canonical amino acids containing post-translational modifications or their mimics into target proteins. This approach is applicable for Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylation, Tyr sulfation/nitration/hydroxylation, Lys acetylation/acylation, Lys/His mono-methylation, as well as Arg citrullination. The next section describes the use of a precursor non-canonical amino acid followed by chemical and/or enzymatic reactions to afford the desired modification, such as Cys/Lys acylation, ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications, as well as Lys/Gln methylation. We also discuss means for functional regulation of enzymes involving in post-translational modifications through genetically incorporated non-canonical amino acids. Lastly, the limitations and perspectives of genetic code expansion in studying protein post-translational modification are described. 相似文献
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Zhang Y Wang L Schultz PG Wilson IA 《Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society》2005,14(5):1340-1349
The Methanococcus jannaschii tRNA(Tyr)/TyrRS pair has been engineered to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in E. coli. To reveal the structural basis for the altered specificity of mutant TyrRS for O-methyl-L-tyrosine (OMeTyr), the crystal structures for the apo wild-type and mutant M. jannaschii TyrRS were determined at 2.66 and 3.0 A, respectively, for comparison with the published structure of TyrRS complexed with tRNA(Tyr) and substrate tyrosine. A large conformational change was found for the anticodon recognition loop 257-263 of wild-type TyrRS upon tRNA binding in order to facilitate recognition of G34 of the anticodon loop through pi-stacking and hydrogen bonding interactions. Loop 133-143, which is close to the tRNA acceptor stem-binding site, also appears to be stabilized by interaction with the tRNA(Tyr). Binding of the substrate tyrosine results in subtle and cooperative movements of the side chains within the tyrosine-binding pocket. In the OMeTyr-specific mutant synthetase structure, the signature motif KMSKS loop and acceptor stem-binding loop 133-143 were surprisingly ordered in the absence of bound ATP and tRNA. The active-site mutations result in altered hydrogen bonding and steric interactions which favor binding of OMeTyr over L-tyrosine. The structure of the mutant and wild-type TyrRS now provide a basis for generating new active-site libraries to evolve synthetases specific for other unnatural amino acids. 相似文献
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James A. Burton 《Peptide Science》2009,92(2):132-136
DEAR EDITOR: A three‐letter code to identify homologues of the coded amino acids is proposed. The first letter is taken from the one‐letter code used for amino acids and identifies the side chain functional group that distinguishes the coded amino acid. To this is added two lower case letters identifying the number of carbon atoms in the homologue. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 92: 132–136, 2009. This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com 相似文献
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无细胞非天然蛋白质合成作为蛋白质研究的新兴手段,已成功用于表征蛋白质分子间、蛋白质与核酸分子间相互作用等基础科学研究及医药蛋白、蛋白质材料等工业生产领域。无细胞非天然蛋白质合成系统不需维持细胞的生长,无细胞膜阻碍,可依据研究目的添加基因元件或化学物质从而增强工程设计和过程调控的自由性;也可赋予蛋白质新的特性、结构及功能,如可实现蛋白翻译后修饰、反应手柄引入、生物物理探针及多聚蛋白质合成等。文中系统地综述了目前应用于无细胞蛋白质合成系统中的非天然氨基酸嵌入方法,包括全局抑制及基于正交翻译体系的终止密码子抑制、移码抑制、有义密码子再分配和非天然碱基等方法的研究进展,及非天然氨基酸在蛋白质修饰、生物物理探针、酶工程、蛋白质材料以及医药蛋白质生产等领域的应用进展,并分析了该体系的发展前景及广泛工业化应用的机遇与挑战。 相似文献
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Satoshi Hanzawa Seigo Oe Kenji Tokuhisa Kazuhisa Kawano Tetsuo Kobayashi Toshiaki Kudo Hitoshi Kakidani 《Biotechnology letters》2001,23(8):589-591
Hyper-thermostable aminotransferase from Thermococcus profundus (MsAT) was used to synthesize 3-(2-naphthyl)-l-alanine (Nal) by transamination between its corresponding -keto acid, 3-(2-naphthyl)pyruvate (NPA) and l-glutamate (Glu) at 70 °C. Equilibrium of this reaction was shifted toward Nal production due to its low solubility, giving rise to Nal precipitate. Optically pure Nal (>99% ee) was synthesized with 93% (mol mol–1) yield from 180 mM NPA and 360 mM Glu. 相似文献