川金丝猴粪样内3种类固醇激素保存时效分析

川金丝猴(Rhinopithecus roxellanae)是中国特有的灵长类物种,生存于海拔1 400～3 300 m的山地森林地带。采用拾取新鲜粪便的非损伤性途径研究该物种野生种群生理状态,必须首先确定其新鲜粪便在特定保存方法下的保存时效。本项研究探讨在川金丝猴自然分布区夏季可获得的低温(4±1)℃、在95%乙醇中保存条件下,该物种新鲜粪便内3种类固醇激素(睾酮、雌二醇、孕酮)在8个设定天数:0(标准对照)、5、6、7、8、10、20、30 d的保存时效。结果表明,雌性川金丝猴粪样内睾酮和雌二醇在30 d内可稳定保存,孕酮含量在保存10 d时的平均值显著性低于标准参照值(P0.05);雄性川金丝猴粪样中睾酮含量在保存6 d时的平均值显著低于标准参照值(P0.05)。本研究说明,在野生川金丝猴新鲜粪便保存条件一致的情况下,该物种新鲜粪样内睾酮、孕酮、雌二醇3种激素保存时效并不一致,实际运用时需要结合研究目的区别对待。     

川金丝猴尿液类固醇激素的保存时效性

尿液类固醇激素检测已经广泛运用于野生动物的生理机能、健康状况和繁殖状态的研究,由于分析条件以及样品采集时间限制,一般尿液样品需保存一段时间后才能在实验室分析,不同物种尿液类固醇在不同保存条件的保存时效有差异。本研究利用2只成年雄性和4只成年雌性的尿液样品共21份,确定川金丝猴尿液类固醇的保存时效和保存方法。结果表明:4℃时,雄性川金丝猴尿液睾酮、雌性尿液睾酮、孕酮的保存时效为7 d左右;雌性尿液雌二醇的保存时效在3 d以内。-20℃时,雄性川金丝猴尿液中睾酮的含量在60 d内保持稳定;雌性尿液中睾酮、孕酮和雌二醇的含量在60 d、45 d、60 d内保持稳定。-20℃保存川金丝猴尿液样品是一种有效、可靠的方法。     

普氏原羚粪便样品中皮质醇激素保存时效研究

由于采集粪便样品无需对目标动物进行捕捉、限制或影响其行为,检测粪便样品中类固醇激素的方法近几十年来在野生动物保护、行为生态学、生理生态学等诸多领域得到广泛应用。普氏原羚(Procapra przewalskii)由于其种群和行为等方面的特殊性,较难进行直接的生理监测,因此采用间接手段监测其粪便类固醇激素就显得很有必要。为探讨不同保存方法对普氏原羚粪便中皮质醇的影响,我们将采集到的新鲜粪便样品充分混合后分为30份,各取10份分别保存于﹣20℃、4℃和20℃,在保存2、5、7、10、15、20、25、30 d和50 d时,使用酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测样品中的皮质醇含量。单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)结果显示,保存于﹣20℃的粪便样品中皮质醇含量在保存50 d内没有显著变化,含量为(11.747±2.951)ng/g(平均值±标准差),(F=1.966,n=81,P0.05),而保存于4℃和20℃的样品则出现明显波动(4℃:F=23.643,P0.05;20℃:F=35.126,P0.05),含量分别为(15.951±6.766)ng/g和(11.042±6.094)ng/g。保存于4℃和20℃的样品中皮质醇含量在24 h内均有上升,在随后的几天逐渐下降。结果表明,﹣20℃冷冻可以简便有效地保存普氏原羚粪便样品中的皮质醇激素。同时,在野外暴露超过24 h的粪便样品会造成测定结果产生误差,在采集样品时要考虑到潜在的影响。     

大熊猫粪便样本处理与激素萃取方法比较

通过测定圈养动物粪便中的激素水平,监测其发情与怀孕状态和评估其福利状况是目前普遍采用的一种实验手段。然而,现有研究对于圈养野生动物粪便样本的处理及其激素萃取方法存在很大分歧,研究结果也不尽一致。本研究采集了10只(雌∶雄=1∶1)圈养大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的粪便样本,分别采用冷冻干燥-研筛法和冷冻干燥-粉碎法处理粪便样本,然后分别使用80%甲醇、90%乙醇和95%乙醇3种萃取剂进行激素萃取,最后比较2种粪便处理方法和3种溶剂萃取方法所获得的粪便样本中孕酮、雌二醇、睾酮和皮质醇的浓度。结果表明,冷冻干燥-研筛法结合80%甲醇溶液萃取处理的样本中雌二醇和孕酮检测值最高,冷冻干燥-粉碎法结合80%甲醇溶液萃取处理的样本中睾酮检测值最高。冷冻干燥-粉碎法结合90%乙醇溶液萃取处理的样本与冷冻干燥-研筛法结合80%甲醇溶液萃取处理的样本中皮质醇检测值更高,且2种方法的检测结果差异不显著。综合粪便处理难易程度和萃取溶剂性质,建议雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮激素检测根据最高检测浓度的方法进行粪便前处理,皮质醇激素检测使用冷冻干燥-粉碎法结合90%乙醇溶液萃取方法进行粪便前处理。...     

注射LHRHa对泥鳅血清性类固醇激素变化研究

研究了注射促黄体激素类似物(LHRHa)后,泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)血清性类同醇激素的变化规律,并探讨在泥鳅繁殖季节时.孕酮(P)、睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)对性腺发育的作用及调节机制.实验共分两组,对照组和实验组;对照组只注射生理盐水;实验组注射LHRHa,雌鱼0.2 μg/g,雄鱼减半.注射前尾静脉采血,作为血液样本分析基础水平(Oh),注射药物后分别在7、24、48、72和96h尾静脉采血.测定雌鱼睾酮、雌二醇和孕酮,雄鱼孕酮和睾酬血清浓度.实验结果表明:注射LHRHa,雌鱼血清睾酮和雌二醇浓度显著高于对照组,雄鱼血清睾酮和孕酮显著高于对照组(P<0.05);24h浓度较高.雌鱼孕酬、睾酮和雌二醇分别为(0.710±0.082)ng/mL、(9.00±0.57)ng/mL和(696.4±26.2)pg/mL,雄鱼孕酮和睾酮分别为(0.527±0.121)ng/mL和(9.62±0.62)ng/mL.实验组雌鱼孕酮变化基本规律为,基础水平(0-7h)-逐渐升至最高(7-24h)-逐渐降至基础水平(24-48h)-维持基础水平(48-96h).实验组雌鱼睾酮和雌二醇与雄鱼孕酮和睾酮变化规律基本相似,其规律为,逐渐上升至最高(0-24h)-逐渐降至基础水平(24-72h)-维持基础水(72-96h).24h对照组雌鱼睾酮和雌二醇显著升高,浓度分别为:睾酮(2.20±0.18)ng/mL,雌二醇(269.1±36.6)pg/mL.对照组雄鱼血清孕酮和睾酮浓度实验期间均无显著变化.研究认为:LHRHa能够刺激泥鳅性类同醇激素分泌,特别是睾酮的分泌,显著提高雌鱼性腺指数(GSI).但刺激P的分泌调控能力有限,实验期间处于较低水平,诱导排卵效果差,泥鳅的性类固醇激素可能有特殊的调节机制.雌二醇和睾酮对性腺成熟有重要作用,孕酮对介导卵细胞最终成熟和排卵可能起重要作用,而雌二醇和睾酮无明显效果.     

恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)生殖周期内性类固醇激素分泌规律的研究

本文用放射免疫测定法对7只雌性恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)的20个月经周期进行了雌二醇、孕酮和睾酮的动态测定分析,其中15个月经周期的中期都有睾酮和雌二醇峰(其峰值分别为1010.7±411.3pg/ml和179.1±91.3pg/ml),孕酮在黄体期的峰值为2.54±0.65ng/ml。正常黄体期的血清孕酮水平不低于1ng/ml。20个月经周期的平均天数为28.6±5.4天,滤泡期和黄体期分别为11.9±2,6和19.2±6.3天。月经周期可用公式Y=18.92±0.03×X~2 (Y:月经周期,X:黄体期。R=0.9444)表示。实验结果表明,测定周期内三种性类固醇激素可以准确确定排卵。睾酮在生殖周期内的分泌调节机制还待进一步研究。     

新疆塔里木马鹿粪便激素含量季节性变化的初步研究

目的:检测雄性塔里木马鹿的睾酮,雌鹿的雌二醇、雌三醇、孕酮等粪便激素含量,并比较不同月份之间的变化。方法:利用放射免疫分析法(RIA)在且末和尉犁县马鹿场采集塔里木马鹿粪便,检测了2004年2～12月间塔里木马鹿粪便中的激素水平。结果:粪便性激素水平有明显的季节变化(P<0.05)。雄鹿粪便睾酮水平月间差异显著(P<0.05),浓度在8月有2个高峰。雌鹿粪便雌二醇在3月和6月有2个高峰;粪便孕酮水平在3月有2个高峰,在8月有1个高峰;雌三醇差异不显著,但4月的最高值也显著高于其他各时间点(P<0.05)。结论:利用动物粪便研究激素具有对保护动物完全无伤害、材料收集容易等优点,并且有助于评估动物青春期的健康状况、判断动物排卵方式、早孕检查、产前预测等,因而是目前研究野生珍稀动物性激素的一种较为理想的方法。     

恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)生殖周期内性类固醇激素分泌规律的研究

本文用放射免疫测定法对7只雌性恒河猴(Macaca mulatta)的20个月经周期进行了雌二醇,孕酮和睾酮的动态测定分析,其中15个月经周期的中期都有睾酮和雌二酮峰(其峰值分别为1010.7±0.65ng/ml. 正常黄体期的血清孕酮水平不低于1ng/ml. 20个月经周期的平均天数为28.6±5.4天, 滤泡期和黄体期分别为11.9±2.6和19.2±6.3天. 月经周期可用公式Y=18.92±0.03×X²(Y:月经周期,X: 黄体期. R=0.9444)表示.实验结果表明, 测定周期内三种性类固醇激素可以准确确定排卵.睾酮在生殖受气内的分泌调节机制还待进一步研究.     

圈养林麝社会等级与粪样类固醇激素水平的关系

动物社群的社会等级可对个体的资源分配、社群稳定及个体的行为对策产生重要影响,圈养动物的类固醇激素水平与饲养管理有关,可反映动物的社群紧张水平。深入理解圈养动物的社会等级与其类固醇激素水平的关系是进行濒危动物迁地保育和成功驯养的基础。2018年6月15日—8月15日,用焦点取样法对四川马尔康林麝繁育场的25头林麝进行了冲突行为取样及社会等级计算,采用放射免疫分析法检测了同期粪样的类固醇激素水平,分析了林麝社会等级与粪样皮质醇、睾酮及雌二醇水平的关系。结果表明:低等级雌麝的雌二醇水平(289.037±59.710 pg·g^-1,n=11)显著高于高等级雌麝(45.670±27.283pg·g^-1,n=6)(P<0.05),低等级雄麝的睾酮水平(3.863±1.538 ng·g^-1,n=3)和高等级雄麝(8.017±1.295 ng·g^-1,n=5)无显著差异(P>0.05);低等级雄麝(37.891±7.564 ng·g^-1,n=3)和雌麝(37.262±1.544 ng·g^-1,n=11)的皮质醇水平与高等级雄麝(29.947±2.441 ng·g^-1,n=5)及雌麝(37.478±4.628 ng·g^-1,n=6)间的差异不显著(P>0.05)。不区分性别,低等级林麝的皮质醇水平(37.397±1.826 ng·g^-1,n=14)和高等级个体(34.055±2.886ng·g^-1,n=11)间无显著差异(P>0.05)。研究结果表明,圈养林麝雌体的社会等级与其粪样雌二醇水平呈负相关,低等级雌麝的粪样雌二醇水平显著高于高等级雌麝。在麝类驯养实践中,可监测雌麝的社会等级和粪样雌二醇水平变化,预测雌麝的行为健康及繁殖成效。     

川金丝猴粪尿中类固醇性激素抽提方法比较

本文旨在探讨川金丝猴粪尿中类固醇性激素的抽提方法, 实验比较了3 种尿液抽提溶剂和5 种粪便抽提方法的抽提回收率。结果显示, 以二氯甲烷为溶剂抽提雄猴尿液中的睾酮、雌猴尿液中的雌二醇和孕酮, 回收率分别为79.27%、73.39%和80.28%, 抽提效果较其它两种溶剂为好; 以乙醇加热法抽提雄猴粪便中的睾酮和雌二醇、雌猴粪便中的睾酮、雌二醇和孕酮, 回收率分别为1.33%、85.12%与67.41%、79.58%和77.71%, 抽提效果优于其它4 种方法,且该方法简便易于操作。实验表明, 以二氯甲烷和乙醇加热法分别抽提川金丝猴尿液和粪便中的类固醇性激素是较理想的抽提方法。     

集水工程、沼气池与新型日光温室联体构筑的研究

通过集水工程、沼气池与新型日光温室联体构筑提高水的利用率,探讨半干旱地区集水农业发展的新途径,在年降水量250－550mm的半干旱地区将雨水富集、存贮与节水措施相结合,可以有效解决水资源短制的问题,将集水工程与日光温室、沼气池联体构筑,进行光、温、水、热的重组,发展高附加值的经济作物,提高水的利用率,使该地区发展高产优质高效农业成为可能,对日光温室中生态因子的优化,节水50％－70％,提高了地温与液间的温度,降低了湿度,不仅提高温室生产力,还有效地降低了病虫害的发生;沼气池供给CO2及部分能量;阴棚把单屋面日光温室背面的遮阴区转化为生产区,种植耐阴作用与食用菌,实现阴、阳棚之间热量、CO2气体的交流,该模式可作为集水型生态农业的发展模式。     

Reflector based chlorophyll production by Spirulina platensis through energy save mode

The present study suggests that the effect of silver coated polyester film fixed in culture racks serves as a reflector of light intensity on Spirulina platensis cultivation, using of KNO₃ and urea as nitrogen sources. The use of light reflector (LR) gave light intensity of 4.8-6.0 klux and the reduction in number of tube light with reflector gave 2.5 klux of light intensity and its effect was studied on S. platensis. Total chlorophyll productions were observed for the cultivation at light intensity of two lights with reflector. This improvement is simple, inexpensive and saves 50% electric energy by reducing the number of lights, and thus contributes to energy conservation.     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.