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1.
马涛  凌晓霏  杨慧 《微生物学通报》2012,39(9):1333-1340
【目的】探讨获取裸盖菇属及斑褶菇属真菌纯培养的有效分离方法。【方法】采用菌褶接种法和孢子弹射法进行分离,以形态鉴定为基础,通过ITS区测序并与DNA序列库中已知序列进行比对的分子鉴定方法鉴别分离培养物的真伪,以确定分离方法的可靠性。【结果】对采自云南的28个裸盖菇属和斑褶菇属菌株进行了分离,菌褶接种法有24个菌株分离纯化成功,成功率达86%,而孢子弹射法仅有7个菌株分离成功,成功率为25%。【结论】菌褶接种法对于裸盖菇属和斑褶菇属真菌是一种有效而简便易行的分离方法,该法利用菌褶为产孢组织的优势,无需对菌褶进行表面消毒,易于纯化成功,值得在其他类似的腐生小型薄盖伞菌类群的分离中尝试应用。  相似文献   

2.
在来源于香菇Lentinula edodes不同双核菌株的单核菌株间进行单—单杂交,并利用双向核迁移现象获得两对双核菌株.之后采用挑取菌落尖端单根菌丝的方法纯化所获得的双核菌株并通过双—单杂交进行单向核迁移,进一步纯化所获得的双核菌株.从菌落形态、显微镜镜检、出菇实验和分子标记等4个方面对两对配对单核和所获得的双核菌株...  相似文献   

3.
为分析柱状田头菇白色变种的遗传,以白色变种Ag.c0002和野生型Ag.c0067为亲本,通过原生质体单核化获得两亲本的单核菌株,配对杂交获得F1,从2个F1的子实体分离单孢菌株,与白色变种Ag.c0002的原生质体单核化菌株“2-2”进行回交配对,出菇观察子实体颜色,分析菇体颜色的遗传规律。结果显示,柱状田头菇子实体白色为隐性性状,且受单一位点基因控制,此外,菇体颜色基因与不亲和性因子AB都没有连锁。  相似文献   

4.
松乳菇组织分离菌株的rDNA ITS序列分子鉴定   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
对松乳菇子实体和组织分离菌株rDNA ITS区域进行测序分析,通过和GenBank中已知的乳菇属的种进行序列比对,构建系统发育树,通过树图分析,鉴定出分离菌株就是松乳菇的纯菌种。  相似文献   

5.
本文报道了产自吉林省的小菇属(Myceno)三个新种:具核小菇(M.nucleata X.He et X.D.Fang),黄囊小菇(M.xanthocystidium X.He et.X.D.Fang)和棘囊小菇(M.brevispina X.He et X.D.Fang)。  相似文献   

6.
王向华 《菌物研究》2021,19(1):19-23
盖表皮或菌柄表皮具有褐色色素这一特征在乳菇属小红乳菇亚属Lactarius subg.Russularia中较为少见.文中描述了产于中国南部的2个子实体褐色、表皮中具有褐色色素的乳菇新种:暗褐乳菇L.atrofuscus和橄榄褐乳菇L.olivaceofuscus.其中,暗褐乳菇L.atrofuscus的孢子球形,盖表皮为(子实层)球囊型,缺乏大囊体;除褐色色素外,盖表皮和菌柄表皮中所具有的树脂样皮壳物质也是识别该种的关键特征.橄榄褐乳菇L.olivaceofuscus的表皮内色素为深橄榄褐色,缺乏树脂样皮壳物质;菌盖强烈皱缩,盖表皮末端菌丝细长,较大的孢子具有较高的条脊和翼,这些特征可以将其与暗褐乳菇和其他相近种相区别.文中提供了该2种的宏观形态和显微特征描述,以及与相近种的形态对比和真菌条形码ITS序列.  相似文献   

7.
杨祝良  冯邦 《菌物学报》2013,32(3):545-556
作者对国产类脐菇属Omphalotus(含亮菌属Lampteromyces)标本进行了研究,报道4种,即鞭囊类脐菇O.flagelliformis、日本类脐菇O.guepiniformis、莽山类脐菇O.mangensis和亮耳菌Lampteromyces luminescens,其中鞭囊类脐菇为新种。作者对亮耳菌的模式标本进行了研究,发现它与日本类脐菇即使不是同一物种也是很近缘的,但由于没有亮耳菌模式产地或其附近地区的更多标本用于形态和分子系统发育的比较,故不对其进行分类处理。利用新近采自我国东北的标本,作者对日本类脐菇的显微特征进行了较为详细地研究,发现日本类脐菇、莽山类脐菇和亮耳菌都具有厚壁担孢子,厚壁担孢子的孢子壁外表在显微镜下看上去粗糙至不平滑,这可能是因为孢子壁不同区域的密度不同所致。云南桩菇Paxillus yunnanensis曾被猜测为类脐菇属的物种,作者对该种的模式标本进行了研究,发现模式标本具有巨大的褶缘囊状体,应是假白蘑属Tricholomopsis的成员。  相似文献   

8.
中国小菇属四新记录   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
图力古尔  刘宇 《菌物学报》2011,30(4):653-657
报道了中国小菇属4个新记录种,即香小菇Mycena adonis、黄小菇Mycena luteopallens、绿缘小菇Mycena viridimarginata和基盘小菇Mycena stylobates,并提供了详尽的形态描述和线条图.研究标本存放在鲁东大学菌物标本馆 (HMLD)和吉林农业大学菌物标本馆(HMJ...  相似文献   

9.
小菇属三新种   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
何显  方晓丹 《真菌学报》1994,13(2):92-98
本文报道了产自吉林省的菇属三个新种:具核小菇,黄囊小菇和棘囊小菇。  相似文献   

10.
目的:鉴定一株从采自北京市房山区的野生血红铆钉菇中分离得到的丝状真菌,分析其遗传地位,为进一步研究该菌株与血红铆钉菇的关系奠定基础。方法:以血红铆钉菇为材料,进行了组织分离,获得1株丝状真菌菌株,编号为JZB2120006,对其进行了形态学鉴定,并提取了基因组DNA,进行了ITS片段的扩增、测序及系统发育分析。结果:分子生物学鉴定结果表明,该菌株与Penicillium sclerotiorum ZZ07-5菌株有99.3%的同源性。结论:结合形态学特征将该菌株鉴定为P.sclerotiorum,ITS基因序列GenBank登录号为KC594044。  相似文献   

11.
The white-rot fungus Hypholoma fasciculare coexists with a bacterial community that uses low-molecular weight carbon sources provided by fungal, extracellular enzyme activities. Since fungal development on wood is limited by the availability of nitrogen (N), bacteria could contribute to the N supply. To prove or disapprove an interaction in terms of N transfer, N sources of the fungus and the coexisting bacterial isolates were investigated, and the bacterial N2 fixation was quantified. Fungal, fungal—bacterial and bacterial wood decomposition was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass loss and surface pH. Microbial N preferences were investigated by elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). In addition, diazotrophic activity was explored after cultivation under a 15?N2/O2 atmosphere. Decomposition was similar with and without bacteria and both H. fasciculare and coexisting bacteria preferred reduced N species, such as urea, ammonium and organic N. In most of the bacteria, the 15?N abundance in the biomass increased significantly but to a low extent if they were cultivated under a 15?N2/O2 atmosphere. This effect is considered an artefact and attributed to adsorption rather than to bacterial N2 fixation activity. Hence, the bacteria coexisting with H. fasciculare rather competed for the same N sources than supported fungal N supply by diazotrophic activity.  相似文献   

12.
Phylogenetic relationships of mushrooms and their relatives within the order Agaricales were addressed by using nuclear large subunit ribosomal DNA sequences. Approximately 900 bases of the 5' end of the nucleus-encoded large subunit RNA gene were sequenced for 154 selected taxa representing most families within the Agaricales. Several phylogenetic methods were used, including weighted and equally weighted parsimony (MP), maximum likelihood (ML), and distance methods (NJ). The starting tree for branch swapping in the ML analyses was the tree with the highest ML score among previously produced MP and NJ trees. A high degree of consensus was observed between phylogenetic estimates obtained through MP and ML. NJ trees differed according to the distance model that was used; however, all NJ trees still supported most of the same terminal groupings as the MP and ML trees did. NJ trees were always significantly suboptimal when evaluated against the best MP and ML trees, by both parsimony and likelihood tests. Our analyses suggest that weighted MP and ML provide the best estimates of Agaricales phylogeny. Similar support was observed between bootstrapping and jackknifing methods for evaluation of tree robustness. Phylogenetic analyses revealed many groups of agaricoid fungi that are supported by moderate to high bootstrap or jackknife values or are consistent with morphology-based classification schemes. Analyses also support separate placement of the boletes and russules, which are basal to the main core group of gilled mushrooms (the Agaricineae of Singer). Examples of monophyletic groups include the families Amanitaceae, Coprinaceae (excluding Coprinus comatus and subfamily Panaeolideae), Agaricaceae (excluding the Cystodermateae), and Strophariaceae pro parte (Stropharia, Pholiota, and Hypholoma); the mycorrhizal species of Tricholoma (including Leucopaxillus, also mycorrhizal); Mycena and Resinomycena; Termitomyces, Podabrella, and Lyophyllum; and Pleurotus with Hohenbuehelia. Several groups revealed by these data to be nonmonophyletic include the families Tricholomataceae, Cortinariaceae, and Hygrophoraceae and the genera Clitocybe, Omphalina, and Marasmius. This study provides a framework for future systematics studies in the Agaricales and suggestions for analyzing large molecular data sets.  相似文献   

13.
R. Bronchart  V. Demoulin 《Planta》1970,94(3):229-232
Summary Lomasomes were shown to be present in mature basidiospores of Hypholoma fasciculare using the freeze-etching technique. Grooves in the plasmalemma were also generally observed. It is suggested that lomasomes are related to the elaboration of the chitinous spore wall and, in accordance with the views of Campbell, plasmalemma grooves are connected with the melanisation of its outer parts.  相似文献   

14.
Hypholoma lateritium is an edible macrofungus with a common distribution in Europe, North America, and the Far East. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of H. lateritium extracts and its isolated steroids: fasciculic acid B, fasciculol E, fasciculol C, lanosta‐7,9(11)‐diene‐12β,21α‐epoxy‐2α,3β,24β,25‐tetraol, fasciculol F, and demethylincisterol A2. Organic (hexane, chloroform and 50 % methanol) and water extracts of H. lateritium were subjected to in vitro assays to determine pro‐inflammatory protein levels, such as cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES), and antioxidant nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2). Fungal extracts demonstrated significant activities on pro‐inflammatory protein levels with minor differences among the activities of the fractions of different polarities. All the compounds proved to exert notable inhibitory properties on COX‐2 and were capable to stimulate the Nrf2 pathway. Fungal extracts and the compounds exerted no cytotoxic activities on RAW 264.7 cells.  相似文献   

15.
通过对吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆隐花植物标本室(HKAS)和广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)的132份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,共报道中国球盖菇属[Stropharia(Fr.)Qulet]真菌14种(包括变种、变型),其中包括1个拟定新种,即黄囊球盖菇[Stropharia chrysocystidia Meng T.X.et Tolgor];1个新变种,即蚯蚓铜绿球盖菇[Stropharia aeruginosa(Fr.)Qulet var.earthwormia Meng T.X.et Tolgor];2个中国新记录种,即偏孢孔球盖菇[Stropharia dorsiporaEsteve-Rav.&Barrasa]和盐碱球盖菇[Stropharia halophila Pacioni];四川省新记录种1个,即亮白球盖菇[Stropharia albonitens(Fr.)Qulet];吉林省新记录变型1个,即浅黄皱环球盖菇[Stropharia ru-gosoannulataf.luteaHongo];云南和西藏新记录变型1个,即黄褐球盖菇[Stropharia aeruginosa(Fr.)Qulet f.brunneola Hongo]。对已知种进行了形态学描述、显微线条图绘制,编写了分种检索表,对每个种的担孢子进行了扫描电子显微镜观察。  相似文献   

16.
为探讨大球盖菇的交配型,以鲜大球盖菇为材料,经担孢子弹射,稀释分离法获得22个单孢菌株。经单孢出菇验证其性遗传模式为异宗结合。再经单孢配对试验,得到4种不同交配型的单孢菌株,单孢的极性比为4∶4∶11∶3。经异核体菌株出菇试验,证实大球盖菇的性遗传模式为四极性异宗结合。  相似文献   

17.
18.
W Shi  IT Freitas  C Zhu  W Zheng  WW Hall  DG Higgins 《PloS one》2012,7(7):e41997
Recombination in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered to be rare. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of 1278 full-length HCV genome sequences to identify potential recombination events. Nine inter-genotype recombinants were identified, all of which have been previously reported. This confirms the rarity of inter-genotype HCV recombinants. The analysis also identified five inter-subtype recombinants, four of which are documented for the first time (EU246930, EU246931, EU246932, and EU246937). Specifically, the latter represent four different novel recombination types (6a/6o, 6e/6o, 6e/6h, and 6n/6o), and this was well supported by seven independent methods embedded in RDP. The breakpoints of the four novel HCV recombinants are located within the NS5B coding region and were different from all previously reported breakpoints. While the locations of the breakpoints identified by RDP were not identical, they are very close. Our study suggests that while recombination in HCV is rare, this warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

19.
Fatty acid composition of the seed oil of Allium tuberosum   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Hu G  Lu Y  Wei D 《Bioresource technology》2005,96(14):1630-1632
The fatty acid compositions of seed oil from ten kinds of Allium tuberosum (Chinese chive, Liliaceae) were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). The seed oil of Allium tuberosum contained much important fatty acids with linoleic (57.0-71.6%) and palmitic (6.6-9.7%), the most abundant unsaturated and saturated fatty acids, respectively. The total unsaturation for the oil was 79.2-93.0%. It is concluded that Allium tuberosum oil is of important nutritional value.  相似文献   

20.
以索氏提取法为对照,采用超临界二氧化碳(SC-CO_2)萃取韭菜籽油,气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对韭菜籽油成分进行分析,NIST 02质谱数据库对其进行分析和鉴定.结果表明,SC-CO_2萃取压力为22.25 MPa、温度为40.40℃条件下萃取86.7 min时,萃取得率为17.52%,共分离鉴定出17种物质,其中,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(6.25%)为主,占脂肪酸总量的 9.05%;不饱和脂肪酸主要是亚油酸(69.71%)和油酸(19.53%),占脂肪酸总量的90.50%.采用索氏提取得率为16.50%,共鉴定出10种物质,饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸(7.22%)为主,占总脂肪酸量的9.84%;不饱和脂肪酸主要是亚油酸(69.34%)和油酸(20.12%),不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的90.16%.另外SC-CO_2萃取韭菜籽油还检出单不饱和脂肪酸7-棕榈烯酸、角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇.  相似文献   

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