首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
多数林木在遗传上高度杂合,给育种和遗传研究带来很多不便。与农作物相比,林木花药培养的意义更为重大。对国内外林木花药培养的现状及影响花药培养的主要因素进行了概述,讨论了其在21世纪分子生物技术时代的应用前景,旨在促进林木花药培养技术的完善并开拓其应用领域。  相似文献   

2.
近年来,应用新的基因组学技术来研究林木生长发育以及林木对生物与非生物胁迫的反应已使得人们对林木生物学有了相当大的了解。蛋白质组学是林木生物学的重要内容。本文综述了林木蛋白质组学在群体遗传、遗传作图、逆境生理、组织器官以及木材形成等方面的研究进展,并简要介绍了林木蛋白质组数据库。最后展望了林木蛋白质组学的发展前景。  相似文献   

3.
番茄花药培养研究进展及展望   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
在番茄育种中,利用花药培养产生单倍体植株,可以比常规育种方案较短时期固定和分析杂种优势的新遗传组合,建立纯合番茄品系,本文综述了国内外番茄花药培养研究概况及进展,并提供了展望。  相似文献   

4.
转基因林木潜在生态风险研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
近20年来,转基因技术在林木上的应用已使林木遗传育种研究取得了可喜的成绩,部分转基因林木已经进行了田间试验,还有一些获得了商品化许可。但与此同时,转基因林木的生态安全问题也逐渐引起了人们的关注,这些问题主要体现在外源基因的水平转移,垂直流动以及对昆虫、土壤生态系统、病毒等的潜在影响上。本文简要介绍了转基因林木田间试验、商品化生产情况及其潜在的生态风险,并对转基因林木的进一步发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

5.
许多农艺精典作物基因型难以离体再生,这样限制了利用如离体筛选或基因转移等组织培养技术进行育种来改良这些作物的能力。然而,一些现有研究表明植物的离体再生能力是受遗传调控的,可以通过操作使其表达该种特性。对一种春大麦(Hordeum spontaneum)品系间杂交产生的 F1和 F2代植株进行遗传分析,发现一种高花药培养反应性和两种较低反应性品系,慕尼黑科技大学的科学家 M.R.Islam 及其同事报道,这种花药培养反应性特性是可遗传的并以显性基因的方式起作用。研究还表明从花药培养物再生绿色植株的遗  相似文献   

6.
林木种子及苗木鉴别技术的准确性和可靠性是提高营林造林质量的关键环节。传统的种苗鉴别技术的局限性往往使之不能有效鉴别林木种子的品种及种源。DNA遗传标记技术则能提供稳定、准确、可靠的种及品种特异性标记,因而成为林业生产上极具潜力的品种鉴定手段。本文综述了目前国际上DNA遗传标记技术的研究进展,并讨论了开展我国林木种苗DNA鉴定技术研究的若干设想。  相似文献   

7.
现代生物技术是70年代初在重组DNA技术、细胞培养技术以及生物反应技术等深入发展的基础上产生的一门新兴学科。一般认为生物技术包括细胞工程、基因工程、酶工程和发酵工程等四个方面。近十几年来,生物技术在林木遗传改良中应用的研究越来越受到重视,尽管这些研究尚处于初级阶段,但已取得了一些令 人鼓舞的成果,并在林木遗传改良方面展示了 其广阔的应用前景。  相似文献   

8.
1984年4月10日至15日,在洛阳市召开了全国小麦花药培养第三次经验交流会,并对洛阳市农科所新选育的小麦品种“豫花一号”进行了鉴定。到会的有全国15个省市34个单位的63名代表。收到论文20余篇,会上作学术报告19篇。内容包括改进培养技术;供体植株的基因型对花药培养的影响及遗传规律;利用单倍体植株研究染色体工程创造新的遗传原始材  相似文献   

9.
林木遗传图谱构建的研究进展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
高密度分子遗传连锁图谱对分析植物遗传变异、标记目标性状、数量性状定位和分子辅助选择改良性状均具重要价值.由于林木具有世代长、高度杂合、遗传负荷大等遗传特性,使其遗传图谱研究不同于其他物种,其遗传连锁图谱的构建相对复杂.目前,一些林木的遗传连锁图谱已经产生.简要综述了林木遗传图谱研究现状和策略,并对构建高质量林木遗传图谱作了展望.  相似文献   

10.
葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。  相似文献   

11.
Indica rice anther culture: can the impasse be surpassed?   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
During the past two decades numerous papers have been published on anther culture of rice. These studies clearly indicate that while anther culture is a technique that can be adopted for breeding japonica rice, it being a useful adjunct in indica rice breeding is still some way away. The main reasons why anther culture cannot be utilized for indica rice breeding is analyzed, and aspects that may be manipulated to achieve progress are presented in this review. The two stages of rice anther culture, callus induction and green plant regeneration, are genetically determined traits that show quantitative inheritance. Indica rice is known to have a recalcitrant genetic background that supports these traits poorly. While improvement of the genetic background through recombination or gene transfer remains possible, manipulation of culture media, particularly the nitrogen and carbon sources, has brought about substantial improvements in indica rice anther culture. Adjustments to pre- and post-culture conditions, that include application of various stresses on anthers before and after culture, also have had beneficial effects. The importance of reducing the tissue culture phase to achieve direct embryogenesis is discussed with special reference to improving green plant regeneration potential. The necessity to understand the processes involved in microspore embryogenesis is highlighted in order to support empirical knowledge and achieve a breakthrough in technology. In this regard, rice genome sequence information may be leveraged to elucidate functions of genes involved in microspore embryogenesis.  相似文献   

12.
用花药培养创建小麦加倍单倍体作图群体   总被引:22,自引:0,他引:22  
用花药培养创建加倍单倍体作图群体是构建数量性状基因作图群体的有效途径,但通过花药培养生产小麦加倍单倍体的成功率较低。该文考查了小麦幼穗发育时期、低温处理幼穗及高温处理接种花药对花粉愈伤诱导率的影响。采用春播小麦做为花药供体,推迟花药接种时间,避免试管苗在低温条件下越夏,有利于早移栽,培育冬前壮苗,同时加强试管苗移栽后的田间管理,保证安全越冬,有效地提高了花药培养生产加倍单倍体的成功率。通过花药培养创建了一个具有191个个体的小麦加倍单倍体作图群体,该群体将用于小麦有关抗旱性状及产量性状基因的遗传作图  相似文献   

13.
猕猴桃的组织培养和遗传转化研究进展   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
综述了国内外猕猴桃组织培养和遗传转化研究进展,内容包括花药培养、胚培养、胚乳培养、子叶、叶、茎段等器官培养、原生质体培养以及遗传转化等,并对生物技术在猕猴桃研究中存在的问题以及今后在猕猴桃中的应用前景进行了讨论。  相似文献   

14.
This study was conducted to determine the reciprocal effects for anther culture response in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using a set of 4 × 4 full diallel crosses. Both reciprocal and nuclear genetic effects were highly significant for anther culture response and useful for selection and breeding purposes. General combining ability (GCA) effects were predominant for all investigated anther culture traits. Also, significant differences for specific combining ability (SCA) effects were detected between reciprocal crosses. Although significant reciprocal differences for responding anther, callus number and green plant regeneration were recorded in some reciprocal crosses, there were no significant reciprocal differences for albino plant regeneration. The use of one parent as male or female could lead to change at the production of green plants from the F1 hybrids and screening of inbred lines for response to anther culture, without reciprocal effects, could decrease the utilization of breeding material.  相似文献   

15.
矮牵牛育种研究进展   总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25  
从常规育种、基因工程育种、体细胞育种和单倍体育种4个方面评述了矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida Vilm.)育种研究进展.国外对矮牵牛育种研究较多,新品种面世推陈出新,国内对其研究则较为薄弱.其常规育种最为成功,不断有新品种推出,基因工程育种也取得了一定成就,已有新品种面世,而体细胞育种及单倍体育种尚无新品种产生,但对这两种方法在育种上应用的可能性和前景作出了一定探索.  相似文献   

16.
代色平  包满珠 《植物学报》2004,21(4):385-391
从常规育种、基因工程育种、体细胞育种和单倍体育种4个方面评述了矮牵牛(Petunia hybrida Vilm.)育种研究进展。国外对矮牵牛育种研究较多,新品种面世推陈出新,国内对其研究则较为薄弱。其常规育种最为成功,不断有新品种推出,基因工程育种也取得了一定成就,已有新品种面世,而体细胞育种及单倍体育种尚无新品种产生,但对这两种方法在育种上应用的可能性和前景作出了一定探索。  相似文献   

17.
This is the first report on isolated microspore culture—derived spelt wheat. The efficiency of anther- and isolated microspore was compared using four genotypes (‘Franckenkorn’, ‘GK Fehér’, ‘Mv Martongold’, ‘Oberkulmer Rotkorn’). In anther culture, genotype dependency was observed, and cold pre-treatment enhanced the efficiency of the method. In isolated microspore culture, the ovary co-culture supported the development of embryo-like structures. The presence of growth regulators (0.5 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/l kinetin) were not essential for the induction of androgenesis, but these increased the production of embryo-like structures, green and albino plantlets. The low plant regeneration rate and high number of albinos hinder the practical application of isolated microspore culture while anther culture was efficient for in vitro green plantlets production in spelt wheat. The mean of green plantlets production was 41.45/100 anthers (from 20.93 to 83.07 depending on genotype). The phenomenon of albinism was mitigated in anther culture (3.48 albinos/100 anthers). Altogether, 1720 anther culture—derived green plantlets were produced from the four genotypes.  相似文献   

18.
Forty-four flax genotypes with a diverse genetic background were evaluated for anther culture response using a standard anther culture protocol in order to determine the feasibility to initiate a routine haploid production system in applied breeding programs. A strong genotype effect on callus induction and shoot regeneration in anther culture was found in this study. A number of genotypes, including two low cadmium content lines 96-11785 and 96-11826, a high oil content line 96-22109 and a high linolenic acid content line M 4919 were identified as highly responsive. The impact of the findings in this study on flax breeding was discussed. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号