卡介苗作用大鼠膀胱肿瘤细胞／正常移行上皮细胞后TNF—α．、IL-10、IFN-γ的检测及意义

目的：观察卡介苗（BCG）单独作用膀胱肿瘤细胞、正常膀胱移行上皮细胞及其代谢产物作用上述细胞后细胞生长情况及各自细胞培养液上清液中细胞因子（TNF-α．、IL-10、IFN-γ）浓度的变化,探讨其在卡介苗治疗膀胱肿瘤中可能的作用机制。方法：构建大鼠膀胱肿瘤模型,并原代培养大鼠膀胱肿瘤细胞及正常膀胱移行上皮细胞。分别用BCG,普通培养液和细胞培养的代谢产物作用上述细胞。酶联接免疫吸附剂测定法（ELISA法）检测各组细胞上清液中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-10（IL-10）、干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）的浓度。结果：ELISA法检测各组细胞上清液中TNF-α、IL-10的浓度改变有显著差异,而IFN-γ的浓度无显著差异。结论：BCG可以直接刺激肿瘤细胞自身分泌细胞因子（TNF-α、IL-10）参与调节抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。     

CV-A16感染沙鼠细胞因子和趋化因子的动态变化分析

柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Coxsackievirus A16,CV-A16)是导致手足口病的病原体之一,CV-A16感染后宿主的外周血细胞的细胞因子表达变化的报道较少,也未见有关血清中细胞因子含量在感染前后的表达变化。为了分析CV-A16感染的不同严重程度的沙鼠细胞因子和趋化因子的动态变化。通过腹腔注射CV-A16构建CV-A16感染发病模型,应用流式细胞术、实时荧光定量RT-PCR和ELISA法检测病毒载量、血清炎症因子和趋化因子水平动态变化。CV-A16感染后重症沙鼠的临床症状,包括体重下降程度、临床症状分值以及死亡率均显著高于轻症沙鼠,并且重症沙鼠外周血白细胞比例和升高趋势总体上高于轻症感染沙鼠;重症感染沙鼠全血中细胞因子IL-2、IL-12、IFN-γ和TNF-α的mRNA转录水平上调,IL-4、IL-10、IL-8和IP-10的mRNA转录水平下调;并且CV-A16感染后重症沙鼠血清中的TNF-α和IFN-γ含量显著上升,IL-8和IP-10的含量显著下降。结论为重症沙鼠全血和血清中存在多种趋化和炎症因子上调,可能与Th1炎症失调有关。     

TNF-alpha，IFN-r，TGF-beta及IL-10 在骨关节结核中的表达及意义

目的:探讨转化生长因子(TGF-β)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)及白介素-10(IL-10)在骨关节结核组织中的表达及其对骨质骨量的影响。方法:选择2012年6月-2014年6月我院收治的骨关节结核患者50例,应用免疫组化法检测患者结核中心病灶TGF-β、TNF-α、IFN-γ及IL-10的表达水平。结果:TNF-α、IFN-γ、TGF-β及IL-10在结核组织中呈不同程度的阳性表达(P<0.05)。TNF-α和IFN-γ在增生性病变中的表达高于干酪性病变,TGF-β和IL-10在干酪性病变中的表达高于增生性病变(P<0.05)。增生性病变中,IFN-γ在坏死性结核肉芽肿中的表达低于非坏死性肉芽肿(P<0.05),TNF-α、TGF-β及IL-10表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。干酪性病变中,TNF-α在非坏死性结核肉芽肿中的表达高于坏死性肉芽肿,TGF-β在坏死性结核肉芽肿中的表达高于非坏死性肉芽肿(P<0.05),IFN-γ和IL-10表达无明显差异(P>0.05)。与正常骨组织细胞数相比,增生性病变与干酪性病变组织的成骨细胞数低,破骨细胞数高(P<0.05)。结论:TGF-β、TNF-α、IFN-γ及IL-10在骨关节结核组织中存在不同程度的表达,对病情的发生发展及骨质骨量具有重要影响。     

TNF-α,IFN-γ,TGF-β及IL-10在骨关节结核中的表达及意义

目的:探讨转化生长因子(TGF-β)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)及白介素-10(IL-10)在骨关节结核组织中的表达及其对骨质骨量的影响。方法:选择2012年6月-2014年6月我院收治的骨关节结核患者50例,应用免疫组化法检测患者结核中心病灶TGF-β、TNF-α、IFN-γ及IL-10的表达水平。结果:TNF-α、IFN-γ、TGF-β及IL-10在结核组织中呈不同程度的阳性表达(P0.05)。TNF-α和IFN-γ在增生性病变中的表达高于干酪性病变,TGF-β和IL-10在干酪性病变中的表达高于增生性病变(P0.05)。增生性病变中,IFN-γ在坏死性结核肉芽肿中的表达低于非坏死性肉芽肿(P0.05),TNF-α、TGF-β及IL-10表达无明显差异(P0.05)。干酪性病变中,TNF-α在非坏死性结核肉芽肿中的表达高于坏死性肉芽肿,TGF-β在坏死性结核肉芽肿中的表达高于非坏死性肉芽肿(P0.05),IFN-γ和IL-10表达无明显差异(P0.05)。与正常骨组织细胞数相比,增生性病变与干酪性病变组织的成骨细胞数低,破骨细胞数高(P0.05)。结论:TGF-β、TNF-α、IFN-γ及IL-10在骨关节结核组织中存在不同程度的表达,对病情的发生发展及骨质骨量具有重要影响。     

IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α在脊柱结核病人血清和病灶中的表达以及对疾病的影响

目的:检测IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α在脊柱结核病人血清和病灶中的表达水平,探讨血清和病灶中IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α的表达水平与脊柱结核的相关性。方法:2014年12月至2016年3月期间,纳入符合标准的脊柱结核病人46例为实验组,椎体骨折病人48例为对照组。应用ELISA检测两组人群血清中IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α的平均浓度;病灶标本免疫组化染色检测其IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α的平均光密度值。结果:实验组血清中IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α平均浓度分别为26.82±7.81 pg/mL,25.93±12.84pg/mL,68.13±16.24 pg/mL,对照组血清中平均浓度分别为46.89±7.81 pg/mL,49.45±22.38 pg/mL,26.65±10.11 pg/mL;实验组病灶中IFN-γ,IL-12,TNF-α平均光密度值分别为0.273±0.076,0.380±0.054,0.306±0.052,对照组病灶中平均光密度值分别为0.092±0.024,0.183±0.034,0.180±0.031。实验组与对照组血清及病灶中IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α的表达水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:脊柱结核病人的血清IFN-γ、IL-12浓度呈低表达,TNF-α浓度呈高表达;脊柱结核病人病灶中IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α表达增加;检测脊柱结核病人IFN-γ、IL-12及TNF-α血清水平含量能为其机体免疫力的状态、判断结核病情程度和进展及为临床诊断提供参考依据。     

水泡性口炎病毒对IPEC-J2细胞因子转录时相的影响

摘要：【目的】为了更好的了解水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）感染后引起细胞炎性反应特别是炎性细胞因子的反应,探讨宿主-病毒之间的作用关系。【方法】我们运用荧光定量PCR技术,测定和分析VSV感染IPEC-J2细胞引起的病毒RNA量的变化和细胞因子IL-2、6、8、10、12、IFN-α、 IFN -γ、TNF-α、TGF-β和TLR3分泌水平。【结果】我们发现,VSV感染后引起IPEC-J2细胞分泌IL-6、8、12、TNF-α和TLR3显著增加,TGF-β无显著差异;IPEC-J2细胞不分泌IL-2、IL-10、IFN-α和IFN –γ。【结论】水泡性口炎病毒感染可引起IPEC-J2细胞炎性分子分泌增加。     

成纤维细胞生长因子-7在巨噬细胞感染结核分枝杆菌中的免疫机制初步研究

巨噬细胞分泌的纤维细胞生长因子-7(fibroblast growth factor-7,FGF-7)具有一定的细胞修复作用及抗炎症作用。通过PCR技术、Western-blot及ELISA实验研究分析FGF-7在巨噬细胞感染结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,M.avium)后的分子免疫机制。研究发现fgf-7基因在结核病患者外周血单个核细胞中表达增强,并且U973巨噬细胞在感染M.avium后,其fgf-7基因与FGF-7蛋白亦表达增强,同时U973巨噬细胞上清中的细胞因子TNF-α与IFN-γ分泌量显著增加。实验结果表明巨噬细胞受M.avium感染后,M.avium可增强巨噬细胞fgf-7基因及其蛋白质的表达,并促进细胞因子TNF-α与IFN-γ的分泌;提示FGF-7可能与TNF-α、IFN-γ等共同引起炎症反应从而参与对M.avium的抑制或杀伤作用,并修复损伤的巨噬细胞。     

EV-A71感染小鼠巨噬细胞诱导促炎细胞因子和趋化因子反应

为初步探索EV-A71在小鼠巨噬细胞中的复制情况和抗病毒的固有免疫应答,本文以小鼠巨噬细胞系RAW264.7为细胞模型,通过建立EV-A71绝对定量qPCR方法检测EV-A71病毒载量;EV-A71和紫外灭活的EV-A71感染RAW264.7,不同时间点提取总RNA,RT-qPCR检测促炎细胞因子、趋化因子和模式识别受体的mRNA表达变化水平。本研究成功建立了EV-A71的绝对定量qPCR检测方法,并发现EV-A71感染RAW264.7后随着感染时间的延长,EV-A71病毒载量呈递减趋势;EV-A71和紫外灭活的EV-A71可以引起IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α促炎细胞因子和IP-10、MCP-1、MIP-1α趋化因子反应,上调TLR2、TLR1、TLR6、MDA5和RIG-I mRNA表达。研究结果显示,EV-A71在小鼠巨噬细胞中具有较低水平的复制,同时产生促炎细胞因子和趋化因子反应。     

EV71相关手足口病患儿T细胞及细胞因子检测及意义

目的:探讨EV71相关手足口病患儿外周血T细胞及细胞因子的水平及其意义.方法:将90例EV71感染手足口病患儿分为脑炎并发肺水肿组8例,单纯脑炎组30例,无并发症组52例.采用间接免疫荧光法检测外周血CD4+T及CD8+T细胞百分比,用双抗体夹心ABC-ELISA法检测血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α及IFN-γ含量.结果:并发症组CD4+及CD8+T淋巴细胞亚群的百分比相对无并发症组的降低,差异有统计学意义(F=9.304,P＜0.05;X2=26.075,P＜0.05),并发症组血清1L-10、IFN-γ和IL-6含量较无并发症组增高,差异有统计学意义(F=4.232,P＜0.05;X2=16.975,P＜0.05;X2=15.562,P＜0.05),并发症组TNF-α含量和无并发症组差异无统计学意义.结论:外周血T细胞及细胞因子均参与了EV71相关手足口病重症并发症的发生过程,在手足口病的临床诊疗中可予以参考,早期鉴别出现重症并发症的病例,及时给与相应的治疗措施,降低手足口病的病死率和致残率.     

敲除pckA基因的结核杆菌引起的免疫反应的研究

研究结核杆菌pckA基因编码的磷酸烯醇型丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)诱导机体产生的保护性免疫反应。用敲除pckA基因的牛结核杆菌BCG和野生型BCG分别感染小鼠,取肝、肺、脾进行病理分析,并进行脾细胞培养,检测CD4 、CD4 /CD8 、细胞因子IFNI-γI、L-12和TNF等。用敲除pckA基因的BCG感染的小鼠比野生型BCG感染的小鼠体内产生的结核结节少且不典型,炎性程度低。野生型BCG感染的小鼠脾脏内的CD4 T细胞和CD4 /CD8 、细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF均明显高于敲除pckA基因BCG感染的小鼠。pckA基因为结核杆菌生长所必需,其编码产物PEPCK能够刺激机体产生免疫反应,是一种很好的疫苗候选分子。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

Interconnection of parameters of regulation system of lipid peroxidation and of morphophysiological parameters of mouse liver

A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

Physiological characteristics of various species of strains of carboxydobacteria

Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H₂-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H₂ with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD⁺, FMN⁺, and NAD(P)⁺ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H₂OCO₂+2H⁺+2e^- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation     

Modulation of allostery of pyruvate kinase by shifting of an ensemble of microstates

Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)₈ barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)₈ structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive E^T and active E^R. These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive E^T and active E^R represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery.