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1.
植物弱光逆境生理研究综述   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
弱光是目前影响设施生产的重要不利环境因素之一。本文综述了弱光对植物生长发育 和光合特性的影响及其信号转导途径,并在此基础上讨论了植物对弱光的适应途径和今后植 物弱光逆境生理的研究方向。  相似文献   

2.
低温弱光对黄瓜和菠菜类囊体跨膜质子梯度的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以典型冷敏性植物黄瓜和典型抗冷性植物菠菜为材料 ,研究了 5℃ 1 0 0μmol pho-tons· m-2 · s-1 低温弱光处理对 2种植物的活体和离体叶绿体类囊体耦联度的影响。结果显示 ,与 5℃黑暗处理相比 ,5℃下弱光 (1 0 0 μmol photons·m-2· s-1 )分别照射黄瓜和菠菜的叶片和离体叶绿体悬浮液 ,都使叶绿体毫秒延迟发光慢相强度以及类囊体耦联度显著降低。表明无论是冷敏性作物黄瓜 ,还是抗冷性植物菠菜 ,低温弱光处理叶片和离体叶绿体悬浮液 ,均可导致类囊体跨膜质子梯度显著降低  相似文献   

3.
张敏  朱佳旭  王磊  徐妙云 《生物工程学报》2016,32(10):1301-1308
植物在长期的进化过程中形成了对环境改变的适应机制。在逆境条件下,例如干旱、高盐、低温、强光、弱光、紫外线等,植物会提前开花结实以尽早完成其生命周期,这种生物学现象被称为"逆境诱导的开花"。植物的这种避逆应激反应不但在进化上具有非常重要的生物学意义,而且对农业生产也具有重要的指导意义。逆境诱导植物开花与光周期、春化、环境温度、自主途径、赤霉素和年龄等开花途径的分子调控机制不同,有其自身的特点。文中对逆境诱导植物开花的研究历史、代谢调控以及分子机制等进行了阐述,并展望了未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

4.
植物淹水胁迫的生理学机制研究进展   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
潘澜  薛立 《生态学杂志》2012,31(10):2662-2672
淹水胁迫引起弱光环境,使气体扩散受限,叶片细胞膜脂过氧化加剧,体内保护酶系统受损,叶绿素降解,丙二醛含量积累,光合速率下降。为了适应淹水环境,植物通过生理生化机制的调节来保证淹水条件下的生命活动。如细胞通过调节渗透物质的含量来保持渗透势的平衡;细胞内各种抗氧化酶活性增加,以清除自由基,避免或者减轻细胞受到伤害;改变代谢途径和激素调节以保持能量储备和低的代谢速率。本文综述了淹水胁迫对细胞膜系统及功能、植物光合作用、植物呼吸、激素、生理代谢、基因调控的影响和淹水结束后植物的生理生态学变化,介绍了植物适应淹水胁迫的机制,并指出植物耐淹响应的分子机理,环境因素对淹没植物的影响,森林淹水胁迫的定位观测是今后需要研究的方面。  相似文献   

5.
弱光限制植物的光合作用,降低了光合作用效率,造成农业产量下降.本文主要研究了弱光处理早期,拟南芥光合作用相关指标的变化.研究中发现在弱光处理的早期,植株生长表型和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)没有明显变化,实际光化学效率Y(Ⅱ)以及光系统电子传递效率(ETR)下降较明显.此外,弱光处理原生质体,利用2 ',7'-二氯二氢荧光素二乙酯(dichlorofluorescin diacetate,H2DCF-DA)染色,共聚焦显微镜观察,发现细胞中有较明显的活性氧(ROS)合成,且定位于叶绿体.该研究结果为植物弱光耐受性的研究提供理论依据.  相似文献   

6.
为了研究烟草幼苗对弱光胁迫反应的分子机制,以'云烟87'为材料,构建全光照和弱光处理条件下大十字期烟苗cDNA文库,利用Illumina测序技术进行转录组测序,筛选差异表达基因.结果表明:借助RNA-seq技术共筛选到2 956个DEGs,其中弱光相对于全光照表达上调的DEGs有691个,表达下调的DEGs为2 265个;通过GO功能分类和KEGG富集分析,将差异基因划分为30个功能类别和113个代谢途径,包括代谢进程、碳水化合物结合、核酸结合转录因子活性、水解酶活性、转录因子活性、催化活性、内质网蛋白质加工、植物-病原体互作、苯丙烷生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、胁迫反应、激素信号转导以及光合作用等.本研究将为揭示烟草对弱光胁迫反应的分子机制提供理论依据.  相似文献   

7.
葡萄在生长过程中,常常暴露在光照不足的环境条件下,弱光严重影响葡萄的正常生长发育。为了探究弱光胁迫对葡萄生理生化的影响,本研究以‘鄞红’葡萄幼苗为试验对象,对其在不同弱光强度胁迫下(CK、T1、T2、T3和T4,胁迫强度逐渐增大)各种生理指标变化及部分处理组的转录组进行分析。结果表明,低强度弱光胁迫对葡萄光合作用以及生理生化的影响并不显著;随着胁迫强度的增大,葡萄叶片表皮层、栅栏组织、海绵组织变薄,海绵组织和栅栏组织细胞间隙变大,过氧化氢酶活性、过氧化物酶活性和超氧化物歧化酶活性逐渐下降,同时可溶性蛋白含量下降,游离脯氨酸含量上升。在遮光率为80%的胁迫下,葡萄光合作用以及其他生理生化各指标均发生显著变化。RNA-seq数据显示CK和T2、CK和T4、T2和T4的差异表达基因分别为13 913、13 293和14 943个,大部分差异代谢通路均与植物的抗逆响应密切相关;多个抗逆信号通路的基因表达发生变化,包括JA/MYC2途径、MAPK信号途径。此外多酚氧化酶、硫氧还蛋白等多个抗氧化相关基因以及光敏色素相关基因的表达也发生变化,以上结果表明,在弱光胁迫下,‘鄞红’葡萄可能通过调整活性氧清除剂的表达水平,以维持体内活性氧的平衡状态,同时通过调整光合色素和光反应结构蛋白的表达水平,以维持体内光合作用的平衡与正常运作。本研究将为葡萄耐弱光生理响应机制的探究、抗弱光葡萄品种的选育及设施栽培条件的优化提供理论与技术支持。  相似文献   

8.
弱光照和富营养对苦草生长的影响   总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8  
本研究通过比较在不同光照和营养(3光照×3营养)水平下栽培的沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans L.)的生长及生化指标,探讨了富营养水体中弱光和高营养对苦草生长的影响.结果表明:弱光对苦草生长的抑制作用不受外源营养浓度的影响;而高营养对苦草生长的影响受到弱光胁迫程度的交互作用,表现为在光照较强的45%日光下为抑制作用,光照最弱的2.5%日光下为促进作用,在光强居间的10%日光下没有明显作用.植物组织总氮、总磷、氨态氮及游离氨基酸氮含量随光照减弱而增加,而可溶性总糖和淀粉含量减少;总磷、氨态氮、游离氨基酸氮及淀粉含量随营养增加而增加.因此弱光照和过高营养均对苦草生长产生明显抑制作用,两者具有交互作用,主要表现为弱光影响了高营养的抑制作用.在本研究中,高营养对苦草生长有抑制作用,但尚不能导致铵中毒或储存碳缺乏;可能由于10%和2.5%日光下,弱光胁迫对苦草的代谢已产生很大抑制作用,限制了高营养对苦草的抑制作用.  相似文献   

9.
蛋白核小球藻光驯化的快速光曲线变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过测量快速光曲线研究了强光和弱光驯化对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorellapyrenoidosa)光合作用的影响。弱光驯化后的初始斜率α高于强光驯化后,而半饱和光强Ik明显低于强光驯化后,表明弱光驯化提高了蛋白核小球藻的捕光能力。强光驯化后最大光合速率Pm高于弱光驯化后,而光抑制参数β小于弱光驯化后,表明强光驯化提高了蛋白核小球藻的光合能力和对强光的耐受性。  相似文献   

10.
丽江山慈姑愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文初次报道了含秋水仙碱植物——丽江山慈姑(Iphigenia indica Knuth)愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生的研究工作。从而解决了这种临危稀少植物的繁殖再生问题。丽江山慈姑愈伤组织的诱导需在弱光下进行,苗的分化需在较强的光下培养。NAA既影响愈伤组织的生长,又影响出苗。诱导愈伤组织的pH值为5.8,诱导苗的pH值为5.4。  相似文献   

11.
Rubisco activase (RCA) is an important enzyme that can catalyze the carboxylation and oxygenation activities of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), which is involved in the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle. Here, we studied the effects of changes in RCA activity on photosynthesis, growth and development, as well as the low temperature and weak light tolerance of RCA overexpressing transgenic cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants. CsRCA overexpression increased the plant height, leaf area and dry matter, and decreased the root/top ratio in transgenic cucumber plants compared with the wild‐type (WT) plants. Low temperature and low light stress led to decreases in the CsRCA expression and protein levels, the photosynthetic rate (Pn) and the stomatal conductance (Gs), but an increase in the intercellular CO2 (Ci) concentration in cucumber leaves. The actual photochemical efficiency and maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in cucumber seedlings also declined, but the initial fluorescence increased during low temperature and weak light stress. Transgenic plants showed a lower decrease in the CsRCA expression level and actual and maximal photochemical efficiencies, as well as increases in the Ci and initial fluorescence relative to the WT plants. Low temperature and low light stress resulted in a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content; however, this increase was reduced in transgenic plants compared with that in WT plants. Thus, the overexpression of CsRCA may promote the growth and low temperature and low light tolerance of cucumber plants in solar greenhouses.  相似文献   

12.
We have previously reported that strong visible light with limited water caused a significant increase in the polyphenol contents of safflower seedlings (Carthamus tinctrius L.), suggesting that the appropriate stress loading could be applied to effectively cultivate flavonoid-rich plants. In this present study, we investigated in detail the time-dependent transition in the flavonoid contents of safflower leaves during the stress-loaded cultivation. In the cotyledons, the light/water stress continuously increased the content of luteolin 7-O-glucoside, which is a strong antioxidant, whereas the content of acacetin 7-O-glucuronide, a weak antioxidant, generally remained unchanged. In the foliage leaves under the stress condition, the contents of the flavonoid glucosides (luteolin 7-O-glucoside and quercetin 7-O-glucoside) markedly increased on the 2nd day and then decreased to the level before stress loading on the 5th day. These results indicate that appropriate selection of the time for stress loading could provide more flavonoid-rich plants during the practical cultivation of vegetables.  相似文献   

13.
不同光强条件下树木释放N2O的研究   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
张秀君  陈冠雄  徐慧 《应用生态学报》2002,13(12):1563-1565
首次采用封闭罩法,对阳生树木(水曲柳,红松和赤杨)及阴生树木(椴树)的连体及离体枝叶在不同光强下的N2O释放进行了野外原位观测。结果表明,阳生树木与阴性树木的N2O释放对光的反应不同,阳生树木的N2O释放受光强的调节规律同以往对农作物等的研究结果一致;而阴生树木椴树的N2O速率在强光下N2O释放较多,弱光下释放减少甚至吸收大气N2O,其N2O释放速率与光强呈显著线性正相关关系。  相似文献   

14.
长期弱光对苦草幼苗生长发育的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
谢云成  李强  王国祥 《生态学杂志》2012,31(8):1954-1960
用遮光法研究弱光(5%、1%、0.5%、0.1%全光照)对苦草幼苗生长发育的影响,统计了苦草的生物学参数,测定了叶片叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:1)0.1%组无新株萌发,随着实验时间的延长其余组新株萌发逐渐被抑制。2)随着实验时间增加和光照强度降低,老株叶片形成受到的抑制程度呈增大趋势;前20d时新株叶片形成未被抑制,但随着实验时间延长显著被抑制。3)老株、新株的叶宽均受到显著抑制。4)老株叶片的伸长显著被抑制,且随着光强降低叶片伸长的幅度呈显著降低趋势;前20天时新株叶长被促进,随着实验时间延长叶片伸长显著被抑制。5)随实验天数的增加,老株叶片光化学最大量子产量(Fv/Fm)呈显著降低趋势,第80天时相对电子传递速率(rETR)和非光化学淬灭(NPQ)显著降低。6)新、老植株根、茎、叶的鲜重均显著低于对照,且随着光照强度降低老株的茎重/株重和根重/株重呈增加趋势,而叶重/株重呈显著的降低趋势。第80天时苦草植株仍具有一定的光合能力,地下茎的生物量比例较高,因此,≤1%全光照下苦草植株具有较强的耐受能力。  相似文献   

15.
In seed plants, the proximate causes of spatial segregation of the sexes (SSS) and its association with environmental variation are thought to be linked to sex-specific morphological and physiological variation. To address the general question of linkage among SSS, plant traits and environmental gradients, Marchantia inflexa was used, for which male plants are found under more open tree canopy than females. We hypothesized that males are adapted to higher light intensity and are better able to tolerate water stress than females, as is the case with seed plants. We tested for sex-specific habitat and trait relationships by quantifying plant traits (morphological and physiological) and estimates of the light conditions (percent canopy openness and light intensity) in the field. Using path analysis, we found that edge pore density in both sexes was negatively correlated with canopy openness, while in males, edge pore density had a weak but positive relationship to light intensity. These responses suggest that canopy openness and light intensity have opposing effects on edge pore density in males and that males might be more responsive to water stress than females. Additionally, the greater importance of female support tissue, which functions as storage, in explaining and being explained by other variables in the path analysis, relative to male support tissue, may reflect sex-specific allocation differences related to resources needed for female function.  相似文献   

16.
实验以云南大理州洱海水生植被重度退化区(湖心平台)作为实验地点, 探究极度弱光和两种底质(黏土、淤泥)环境下苦草(Vallisneria natans)在恢复过程中的形态及生理响应, 并依此探讨底质改善对苦草种群恢复的作用。结果表明: (1)在极度弱光环境下, 苦草部分死亡, 存活数量下降, 并在形态特征和生理特征上均表现出胁迫响应, 其形态特征值下降, 氮(N)含量和游离氨基酸含量上升, 碳(C)含量和淀粉含量下降; (2)苦草不同器官对弱光环境的响应有所差异, 叶片(地上部分)受到的胁迫影响大于根茎(地下部分); (3)苦草对弱光环境的响应在不同底质条件下有显著性差异, 苦草在黏土底质上表现出更小的胁迫反应和更高的存活数量, 两种底质相比较, 黏土更适合作为苦草恢复的底质条件。研究表明在洱海当前的水质环境下有希望结合局部的底质改善来实现在南部湖心平台的沉水植物恢复。  相似文献   

17.
The in vitro membrane integration of the light-harvesting protein of photosystem II (LHCP), the Rieske FeS protein of the cytochrome (Cyt) blf-complex, and the NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (Pchlide reductase) into pea thylakoids with different pigment composition was studied. Pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Kelvedon Wonder) with different contents of chlorophyll (Chl) and carotenoids were obtained by growing the seedlings in a greenhouse or in weak red light with or without the herbicide Norflurazon, an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis. Chloroplasts from untreated and Norflurazon-treated plants grown in weak red light contained approximately 29 and 14% of Chl compared to chloroplasts from untreated plants grown in the greenhouse. The corresponding carotenoid contents were 66 and 5%. Following an integration reaction using LHCP precursor protein and chloroplast lysate, thylakoids from untreated and Norflurazon-treated plants grown in weak red light contained approximately 30 and 5% of protease-protected LHCP, respectively, compared to thylakoids of untreated plants grown in a greenhouse. In contrast to LHCP, the in vitro assembly of the Pchlide reductase was only sligthly reduced in chloroplast lysates of plants grown in weak red light compared to greenhouse-grown plants. In chloroplast lysates of Norflurazon-treated plants, however, the amount of membrane associated, protease-protected Pchlide reductase was reduced to 32% of the amount in untreated plants grown under the same light conditions. In contrast, the integration of the Rieske FeS protein occurred to almost similar levels irrespective of light conditions and herbicide treatments. Reconstitution assays where stroma from Norflurazon-treated plants was added to thylakoids from untreated plants, showed that the herbicide did not affect any stromal component(s) vital for the insertion reaction. Removal of samples during the integration reaction of LHCP showed that no degradation of the protein occurred during the assay. Neither was the assembled protein degraded up to 24 h after the termination of the assay. This indicates that growing plants in weak red light, with or without Norflurazon treatment, mainly affected the primary step in thylakoid assembly of LHCP, i.e. the insertion reaction into the membrane. The results further indicate that proteins normally bound to pigments also require pigments for membrane recognition or integration.  相似文献   

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普晓妍  王鹏程  李苏  鲁志云  宋钰 《广西植物》2021,41(9):1465-1475
附生植物是热带亚热带森林生态系统中物种多样性极高且极其脆弱敏感的生物类群之一。光照被认为是促进附生植物由陆生类群演化而来并决定其生长和分布的关键因素。然而,由于接近林冠和规范性采样的限制,附生植物与光照的关系仍亟待阐述。为揭示附生植物对光强变化的响应和适应策略,该研究以亚热带常绿阔叶林6种附生植物(林冠层木本:鼠李叶花楸、毛棉杜鹃;林冠层草本:狭瓣贝母兰、毛唇独蒜兰;树干区草本:点花黄精、距药姜)为对象,对其在4个光处理梯度下生长的叶片气孔特征及其可塑性进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1) 2种附生小乔木的气孔面积(SA)、气孔密度(SD)、潜在气孔导度指数(PCI)和表皮细胞密度(ECD)均对光强改变显著响应。2种附生兰科植物的SA最大,而SD最小;附生乔木叶片SD和ECD的光响应趋势与陆生植物更相似,而附生草本则出现种间差异。(2) 6种附生植物的气孔、表皮细胞特性及其表型可塑性,在草本-木本、常绿-落叶植物、林冠-树干区之间,均无明显差别。(3)附生植物气孔特性和表皮细胞平均可塑性指数均低于陆生植物。综上结果表明,亚热带常绿阔叶林中附生植物对于光环境变化的适应性相对较弱。不同的附生植物可以通过不同程度地增加叶片SD和ECD来适应高光强生境,并通过对SD和SA的双重调节以增大潜在光合能力从而应对低光胁迫。  相似文献   

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