研发动态

2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖揭晓瑞典卡罗琳医学院10月8日在斯德哥尔摩宣布,将2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予英国科学家约翰.格登(John B.Gurdon)和日本科学家山中伸弥(Shinya Yamanaka),以表彰他们在细胞研究领域作出的突出     

2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖介绍北大核心CSCD

2012年10月8日,卡罗林斯卡医学院（Karolinska Institute）的诺贝尔生理学与医学奖评委会将本年度诺贝尔生理学与医学奖联合授予来自京都大学的山中伸弥（Shinya Yamanaka）和英国发育生物学家约翰-戈登（John B.Gurdon）,以表彰他们在细胞重编程领域的杰出成就。     

诺贝尔奖钟情干细胞研究

北京时间10月8日下午,2007年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖揭晓,两名美国科学家卡佩奇、史密斯与英国科学家埃文斯分享此殊荣。决定每年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主并为其颁奖的瑞典卡罗琳斯卡医学院表示,这三名科学家是因为他们在干细胞研究领域所取得     

小鼠基因修饰基本原理及其在医学研究中的应用——2007年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖及其相关工作介绍

2007年10月8日,瑞典皇家卡罗琳医学研究院诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评审委员会宣布,美国科学家Mario R.Capecchi、Oliver Smithies和英国科学家Martin J.Evans在"涉及使用胚胎干细胞进行小鼠特定基因修饰方面的一系列突破性发现"[1]而获得2007年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖(图1).     

2014年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖

瑞典卡罗琳斯卡研究所的诺贝尔委员会决定将2014年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予约翰·奥基夫(John O’Keefe)、梅-布里特·莫泽尔(May-Britt Moser)和爱德华·莫泽尔(Edvard I.Moser)三位科学家,以表彰他们发现构成大脑定位系统的细胞。     

2012年诺贝尔生理学与医学奖揭晓北大核心CSCD

2012年10月8日,卡罗林斯卡医学院（Karolinska Institute）的诺贝尔生理学与医学奖评委会（The NobleAssembly）将2012年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予分别来自日本和英国的两位科学家：山中伸弥（ShinyaYamanaka）和约翰戈登（John B.Gurdon）,以表彰他们在成体细胞重编程过程领域的卓越贡献.他们的工作发现,已经终末分化的成体细胞可以通过重编程过程再次转变为低分化的多潜能细胞,这一成果彻底颠覆我们对细胞组织发育的理解.     

细胞自噬机制研究的先驱——大隅良典

<正>诺奖的热门人选北京时间2016年10月3日17点33分,在瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院诺贝尔大厅,诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评委会秘书长托马斯·佩勒曼宣布:将2016年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予日本东京工业大学教授大隅良典(Yoshinori Ohsumi),以表彰他在细胞自噬机制研究中做出的重大贡献。当诺奖评委会在现场连线大隅良典时,这位71岁的大胡子教授依然在实验室里工作。在他的工作台上,堆放着层层叠叠的文献;电脑里播放的是诺贝尔生理学或医学奖发布会的直播。大隅良典教授对获奖表示很惊讶,也很高兴。     

人类体外受精技术——2010年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖工作介绍

2010年10月4日,瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评审委员会宣布,由于英国剑桥大学Robert G.Edwards教授(图1)在人类体外受精(human in vitro fertilization,IVF)领域的开创性贡献荣膺2010年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖.这是生殖医学领域获颁的首个诺贝尔奖,Edwards开创的技术将为不孕症治疗带来革命性转变.     

端粒和端粒酶是如何保护染色体的——2009年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖工作介绍及相关研究进展

2009年10月5日瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评审委员会宣布将本年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予三位美国科学家伊丽莎白·布莱克本(Elizabeth H.Blackburn)、卡罗尔·格雷德(Carol W.Greider)和杰克·绍斯塔克(Jack W.Szostak),以表彰他们在上世纪80年代发现了"端粒和端粒酶是如何保护染色体的".     

细胞周期的调控——2001年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖工作介绍及研究进展

2001年10月8日,瑞典Karolinska研究院诺贝尔生理学或医学奖评审委员会宣布,美国科学家Leland H. Hartwell及英国科学家R Timothy Hunt 和 Paul M. Nurse(图1)在发现"细胞周期的关键调控因子(key regulators of the cell cycle)"这一方面做出了杰出贡献,共同获得2001年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖.     

红树林湿地恢复技术的研究进展

本文从红树林育苗造林技术、次生林改造技术和红树植物引种试种与种源选择的研究等方面试述红树林湿地恢复技术的研究进展,并针对我国的目前现状,提出今后亟待加强研究的如下几个方面:加强红树植物引种扩种,恢复植被,提高红树林生态工程质量的原理研究;监测外来引进种对我国红树林湿地的生态影响;研究半红树植物在沿海防护林体系工程建设中的作用;加强红树植物对潮汐水位适应能力的研究;开展红树人工林生态恢复过程中的综合定位观测等。     

Impact of the introduced yellow crazy ant Anoplolepis gracilipes on Bird Island, Seychelles

The introduced yellow crazy ant or long-legged ant Anoplolepis gracilipes was first reported in Seychelles in 1969 and now occurs on at least nine islands in the Central Seychelles. We describe the yellow crazy ant's effects on vegetation and invertebrate communities on one of these, Bird Island; in 2000, Anoplolepis (first reported in 1991) occurred there at densities at least 80 times higher than on other islands in the Central Seychelles. They were associated with high densities of coccid scale insects on foliage, especially of the native tree Pisonia grandis, in some instances causing tree death. Yellow crazy ants on Bird Island also significantly affected invertebrate communities on foliage and on the ground, both in terms of taxonomic composition and the density of specific taxa, apparently causing the local exclusion of some invertebrates.     

Effects of phosphate sorptivity on long-term plant recovery and effectiveness of fertilizer phosphate in soils

Summary A greenhouse experiment was carried out on 30 soils of eastern Australia in the first year and 15 soils in the following years to determine the effects of soil phosphate sorptivity and phosphate removal in harvested material on effectiveness and recovery of fertilizer phosphate by white clover during a four year period.Phosphate recovery by the clover and fertilizer effectiveness were primarily negative functions of phosphate sorptivity. After the first year there was a progressive decrease in the sorptivity effect such that the subsequent decreases in phosphate recovery and effectiveness were largest on weakly sorptive soils and smallest on strongly sorptive soils. In the long term the cumulative effects of the apparently slow immobilizing reactions on the weakly sorptive soils tended to equalize the effects of faster reactions on strongly sorptive soils so that the actual recovery and effectiveness in the final year were similar on all soils regardless of their sorptivities. The cumulative recovery and cumulative effectiveness in the long term, however, remained strongly negative functions of sorptivity. Phosphate removal in harvested material caused large decreases in phosphate effectiveness on all soils and particularly on weakly sorptive soils.     

The effect of shoot growth stage of Pinus contorta and Pinus sylvestris on the growth and survival of Panolis flammea larvae

Summary Young Panolis flammea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae were unable to survive on the mature (one-year old) needles of Pinus contorta and Pinus sylvestris. Larval growth and survival on the current year's shoots of the 2 pine host plants first incresed, and then decreased as pine shoot development progressed, the effect on survival being more marked at 10° C that 18° C. The survival of larvae on lodgepole pine on field-grown plants transferred to 10° C rose from 26% in March to 87% in mid May, and rose from 3% to 82% on Scots pine in the same period. Larval survival exceeded 70% for about 8 weeks on lodgepole pine and about 6 weeks on Scots pine, this period starting and ending earlier on lodgepole than on Scots pine. The nitrogen, water and phosphorus contents of both pines were at a maximum in May and decline gradually thereafter; the soluble tannin content showed a more complex pattern. These results are discussed in relation to the possible importance of phenological coincidence on the population dynamics of P. flammea with emphasis on its greater abundance on lodgepole pine in Scotland.     

Biodiversity and distribution of fungi associated with decomposing Nypa fruticans

Fungi associated with the decomposition of Nypa fruticans in Malaysia are under investigation. Forty-one fungi have been identified including 35 ascomycetes, four mitosporic fungi and two basidiomycetes. The distribution of intertidal fungi on palm structures including leaves, leaf veins, rachides, petiole bases, and inflorescences, and fungi on terrestrial parts have also been examined. No fungi were found on the leaf material, although several fungi were found on the leaf midribs, and possible reasons for this are given. Very few taxa developed on the inflorescences, but those that were present were abundant. The greatest density of fruiting structures occurred on the rachides, and the greatest diversity of fungal species occurred on the petiole bases. The terrestrial fungi differed from the intertidal fungi, although Linocarpon nipae occurred in both habitats. Reasons for the differences in fungal numbers and diversity on the various palm parts are discussed. The diversity of fungi at Morib mangrove was low when compared to previous studies on fungi on Nypa palm at Kampong Api Api in Brunei and in this study at Kuala Selangor mangrove in Malaysia.     

Demography of source—sink populations and the evolution of ecological niches

Summary The demography of populations living in variable environments is an important factor molding the evolution of ecological niches, for it determines the relative strength of selection pressures on adaptations to different habitats. Here I consider a coarse-grained environment consisting of two habitat types and investigate how the selection pressure on reproductive success in different habitats depends on their quality and frequency and the dispersal pattern. The results suggest that selection on adaptations to optimal habitats will usually be stronger than on adaptations to poor habitats and the ecological niche will thus tend to be an evolutionarily conservative character. It is because under the habitat choice or limited dispersal that seem to prevail in natural populations, more individuals encounter the better habitat than would be expected solely on the basis of its relative area. This bias results in reduced selection pressure on reproductive success in the poorer habitat. With habitat choice or limited dispersal, selection pressure on reproductive success in the poorer habitat may exceed that on reproductive success in the better habitat only if the poorer habitat is much more frequent in the environment than the better habitat and the difference in their quality is not large.     

重金属Cd－Zn对水稻的复合污染和生态效应

重金属Ｃｄ－Ｚｎ对水稻的复合污染和生态效应周启星（浙江农业大学,杭州３１００２９）吴燕玉,熊先哲（中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,１１００１５）ＣｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｐｏｌｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｄａｎｄＺｎａｎｄｉｔｓｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｒｉｃｅ...     

PHENOTYPIC SELECTION BY PARASITOIDS ON THE TIMING OF LIFE HISTORY IN A LEAFMINING MOTH

Direct measurements of phenotypic selection by parasitoids on quantitative traits in herbivorous insects have been rare. I analysed episodes of phenotypic selection on the timing of life-history events in a multivoltine leafmining moth, Phyllonorycter mespilella, and assessed the importance of hymenopterous parasitoids as selective influences. Phyllonorycter mespilella has two consecutive stages of larval development, the sap-feeding (SF) and tissue-feeding (TF) stages. Adult parasitoids host feed predominantly on SF larvae, and oviposit predominantly on TF larvae. Oviposition attack on TF larvae caused positive directional selection on the date of transition to the the TF stage (TF date) in the third generation of P. mespilella in one population in 1991. Overwinter mortality caused negative directional selection on TF date in the third generation in a second population in 1993. No directional or variance selection on TF date was detected in the second population in the second generation of 1993. Parasitoid females accepted SF larvae for oviposition more often in the fall generation than in summer generations in both populations. The relative frequencies of SF and TF larvae may alter the pattern of oviposition attack by parasitoids, and thus the form of phenotypic selection on TF date.     

安徽与邻近省藓类植物区系数量统计比较

区系中的物种丰富度是衡量该区域中植物群落的环境条件、群落结构以及群落发育程度等的重要指标,利用丰富度指数公式,通过对安徽省与其相邻的六个省的藓类植物进行比较,可以看出安徽省藓类植物的物种多样性位居第三,是较为丰富的地区之一;在七省中安徽藓类植物属的系数最低,说明安徽藓类植物区系的丰富度和生境条件的复杂程度是较高的;比较七省的藓类植物丰富度指数与自然地理条件的关系,可认为纬度、降水量、温度以及丘陵山地占该地区总面积的百分比等地理条件综合作用影响藓类植物分布的丰富程度。