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The wide adoption of hybrid rice has greatly increased rice yield in the last several decades. The utilization of heterosis facilitated by male sterility has been a common strategy for hybrid rice development. Here, we summarize our efforts in the genetic and molecular understanding of heterosis and male sterility together with the related progress from other research groups. Analyses of F1 diallel crosses show that strong heterosis widely exists in hybrids of diverse germplasms, and inter-subsp... 相似文献
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刘红梅 《植物遗传资源学报》2013,14(3):434-439
以6个籼型三系不育系和5个籼型恢复系按不完全双列杂交设计配制的30个杂交稻组合及其亲本为材料,对其籽粒淀粉RVA谱各特征值进行了测定和分析。结果表明:(1)亲本间和杂交稻组合间的淀粉RVA谱各特征值均存在极显著的差异,其中变异最大的是消减值,最小的是糊化开始温度。(2)杂交稻组合淀粉RVA谱各特征值的变异系数均小于杂交稻亲本的变异系数;峰值粘度、崩解值、最低粘度和最终粘度的平均值杂交稻组合大于亲本,其他性状的平均值杂交稻组合小于亲本。(3)峰值粘度存在极显著的正向超亲优势;崩解值、最低粘度、最终粘度和回复值存在极显著的正向中亲优势;消减值和峰值时间存在极显著的负向中亲优势和正向低亲优势;糊化开始温度存在极显著的负向低亲优势;最终粘度、回复值和糊化开始温度表现为极显著的负向竞争优势,其他性状表现为正向竞争优势。(4)峰值粘度、崩解值、消减值和回复值等4个性状,各杂交稻组合与其母本、中亲值呈现极显著正相关,峰值时间与中亲值呈显著正相关。而与其父本的相关均未达显著水平。 相似文献
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Andrea Šimková Michal Janáč Pavel Hyršl Vadym Krasnovyd Lukáš Vetešník 《Journal of fish biology》2021,98(4):1155-1171
Hybrid advantage, described as the superiority of hybrids in some traits over their parents and termed the “heterosis effect,” is widely documented in the case of reciprocal crosses of parental species (i.e., hybrids representing the F1 generation). In fish, high survival, fast growth and better health status have been widely documented in F1 hybrids. Nonetheless, the effects of interspecific hybridization on vigour, physiology and immunity-related traits in fish are largely unknown, especially concerning native systems of coexisting parental and hybrid genomes in the same habitat. The present study examined the potential physiological and immune aspects of hybrid heterosis by comparing condition status (measured especially by indexes), haematological profile, glucose concentration and selected parameters of non-specific and specific immunity between the evolutionarily divergent non-congeneric cyprinoid species Abramis brama and Rutilus rutilus and their hybrids representing the F1 generation, all of them caught in nature. Clear differences were documented for vigour-related, physiological and immune parameters between the two divergent species. Hybrids generally tended to express intermediate characters of the measured traits, likely generated by the evolutionary divergence of the hybridizing species; nonetheless, for some traits, hybrids exhibited a character that was more similar to one parental species than to the other. This was interpreted as the heterozygote advantage for F1 hybrids. It is suggested that a maternally inherited genetic background may potentially influence the expression of some branches of non-specific immunity or other aspects related to the fish health status. 相似文献
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新型四倍体水稻是本研究团队创制的一类高育性多倍体水稻新种质,携带有多种优异基因。该类材料与同源四倍体水稻杂交获得的杂种F1产量优势明显,具有应用前景。本文首先概述了同源四倍体水稻的研究进展,并重点阐述了新型四倍体水稻创制过程、主要特点、杂种优势表现及其涉及的分子遗传机理,最后提出未来研究的思路及需要解决的问题,为加快新型四倍体水稻在多倍体水稻育种中的利用提供依据。 相似文献
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Progressive heterosis, i.e., the additional hybrid vigor in double-cross tetraploid hybrids not found in their single-cross tetraploid parents, has been documented in a number of species including alfalfa,potato, and maize. In this study, four artificially induced maize tetraploids, directly derived from standard inbred lines, were crossed in pairs to create two single-cross hybrids. These hybrids were then crossed to create double-cross hybrids containing genetic material from all four original lines. Replicated fieldbased phenotyping of the materials over four years indicated a strong progressive heterosis phenotype in tetraploids but not in their diploid counterparts. In particular, the above ground dry weight phenotype of double-cross tetraploid hybrids was on average 34% and 56% heavier than that of the single-cross tetraploid hybrids and the double-cross diploid counterparts, respectively. Additionally,whole-genome resequencing of the original inbred lines and further analysis of these data did not show the expected spectrum of alleles to explain tetraploid progressive heterosis under the complementation of complete recessive model. These results underscore the reality of the progressive heterosis phenotype,its potential utility for increasing crop biomass production, and the need for exploring alternative hypothesis to explain it at a molecular level. 相似文献
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本文报道了利用原始爪哇稻资源与光温敏雄性不育系培矮64S配制的27个籼爪交组合在长沙的农艺性状和杂种优势表现.从总体上来看,籼爪交组合与对照相比在每穗实粒数和理论产量上无显著差异,在其它性状上均有极显著的差异;籼爪交组合在秆高、穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数和千粒重方面有正向对照优势,在播始历期、有效分蘖数、结实率、理论产量和实际产量上存在负向对照优势.从个体上来看,籼爪交组合理论产量对照优势>40%的比例为11.1%.实际产量对照优势>40%的机率为3.7%,说明爪哇稻资源在籼爪交杂种优势利用中具有利用价值.本文还对爪哇稻资源在籼爪杂种优势利用中的一些问题进行了讨论. 相似文献
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杂种优势在提高作物产量和适应性方面已得到广泛应用。然而, 由于杂交种后代不能稳定遗传, 每年均需利用不育系和恢复系亲本配置杂交种子, 不仅制种成本高, 而且存在制种纯度问题, 限制了杂种优势利用的推广范围。近期, 中国科学家通过对减数分裂和受精过程关键基因进行编辑, 获得了杂种F1的克隆种子, 为进一步固定杂种优势、实现“一系法”水稻杂种优势利用带来了曙光。 相似文献
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本研究观察了18个两系杂交水稻组合在华南地区种植时杂种优势表现。结果表明:三种类型两系杂交组合主要农艺性状优势强弱呈现出籼粳交>籼爪交>籼籼交>三系杂交组合(对照);同一杂交组合早晚季种植表现差异较大;亚种间杂种优势利用的主要问题是结实率和谷草比比较低。 相似文献
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E N Amuzu-Aweh P Bijma B P Kinghorn A Vereijken J Visscher J AM van Arendonk H Bovenhuis 《Heredity》2013,111(6):530-538
Prediction of heterosis has a long history with mixed success, partly due to low numbersof genetic markers and/or small data sets. We investigated the prediction of heterosisfor egg number, egg weight and survival days in domestic white Leghorns, using∼400 000 individuals from 47 crosses and allele frequencies on∼53 000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). When heterosis isdue to dominance, and dominance effects are independent of allele frequencies, heterosisis proportional to the squared difference in allele frequency (SDAF) between parental purelines (not necessarily homozygous). Under these assumptions, a linear model includingregression on SDAF partitions crossbred phenotypes into pure-line values and heterosis,even without pure-line phenotypes. We therefore used models where phenotypes of crossbredswere regressed on the SDAF between parental lines. Accuracy of prediction was determinedusing leave-one-out cross-validation. SDAF predicted heterosis for egg number and weightwith an accuracy of ∼0.5, but did not predict heterosis for survival days. Heterosispredictions allowed preselection of pure lines before field-testing, saving∼50% of field-testing cost with only 4% loss in heterosis. Accuraciesfrom cross-validation were lower than from the model-fit, suggesting that accuraciespreviously reported in literature are overestimated. Cross-validation also indicated thatdominance cannot fully explain heterosis. Nevertheless, the dominance model hadconsiderable accuracy, clearly greater than that of a general/specific combiningability model. This work also showed that heterosis can be modelled even when pure-linephenotypes are unavailable. We concluded that SDAF is a useful predictor of heterosis incommercial layer breeding. 相似文献
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本文以孕穗期的杂交粳稻花优14及其母本申9A和父本繁14的剑叶为材料,利用Affymetrix水稻基因组芯片检测了3个样品中的基因表达谱,并用生物信息学方法对差异表达基因进行了分析。结果表明:与其亲本相比,杂交粳稻花优14中共有2057个基因的表达水平出现了2倍(变化倍数≥2或≤0.5)以上的变化。通过对这些差异表达基因进行GO(Gene Ontology)功能分类,发现差异表达基因在光合系统Ⅰ、叶绿体膜和叶绿体被膜等与叶绿体相关的细胞组分中显著富集;同时差异表达基因还在叶绿素合成、叶绿素代谢和类胡萝卜素合成等生物学过程中富集。光合作用效率的改变可能和花优14杂种优势的形成相关。与已报道结果不同,本文在代谢途径分析结果中并没有发现花优14中差异表达基因在碳固定和光合作用等途径中显著的富集,但是发现差异表达基因在光合作用-天线蛋白以及淀粉和蔗糖的代谢途径中显著富集。该结果表明,在不同的杂交组合中,参与杂种优势形成的基因或者代谢途径可能是不同的。 相似文献
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基于叶绿素荧光参数的籼型杂交稻杂种优势分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以籼型杂交稻6个不育系和5个恢复系按不完全双列杂交交配设计的30个杂交稻组合及其亲本品种/系为材料, 对其剑叶的叶绿素荧光参数进行了测定和分析。结果表明: (1)杂交稻亲本和组合间的叶绿素荧光参数均存在极显著的差异, 其中, NPQ和ΦNPQ的变异系数为最大; Fv/Fm的变异系数为最小。(2)不同杂交稻组合ΦNPQ、NPQ和qL的平均值和变异系数均大于其亲本的平均值和变异系数, 表明杂交稻组合光能利用率的杂种优势极其明显, 这将有利于高光能利用率杂交稻组合的配组。(3)杂交稻的Fm、Fv/Fm、ΦNPQ、NPQ和qL具有中亲优势; 其ΦNO具有负向超亲优势; 其ΦPSII、ΦNPQ、NPQ和qL具有正向竞争优势。(4)杂交稻组合的ΦPSII、ΦNPQ和NPQ与其母本值呈显著或极显著水平的正相关关系; 杂交稻组合的ΦPSII、ΦNPQ与其中亲值呈显著或极显著水平的正相关关系。 相似文献
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K. Yamane R. Garcia K. Imayoshi R.C. Mabesa‐Telosa N.P.M.C. Banayo G. Vergara A. Yamauchi P. Sta.Cruz Y. Kato 《The Annals of applied biology》2018,172(1):100-110
Dry direct‐seeded rice (DSR) cultivation is widely spreading in tropical Asia, but drought and nutrient deficiency stresses often cause crop failure in rainfed lowlands. The objective of this study was to dissect the physio‐morphological characteristics associated with crop establishment and early vigour of DSR under drought and P deficiency conditions in the Philippines. It was found that new drought‐resistant cultivars bred for DSR (Rc348 and Rc192) had faster germination and sprout growth than popular irrigated rice cultivars (Rc222 and Rc10) under soil water deficit due to rapid moisture acquisition by the germinating seeds from drying soils. There was a significant correlation between seed moisture content and the reduction in seed dry weight, and between reduction in seed dry weight and shoot elongation under both control and drought stress treatments at the germination stage. At the seedling stage, the root growth of Rc348 under drought tended to be more vigorous with its higher root‐to‐shoot ratio compared to Rc222 and Rc10. The seedling vigour of Rc348 under P deficiency was also greater than that of Rc222 due to its greater root growth and P uptake. The yields of Rc348 and Rc192 grown under rainfed condition at the target drought‐prone site where a dry spell of 13 days occurred during crop establishment were higher (4.0–4.1 t ha?1) than the yield of Rc10 (3.0 t ha?1). These results suggest that quick germination and seedling vigour with quick root anchorage and great nutrient uptake capacity, even with limitations of soil moisture and nutrients, would be important traits for DSR in rainfed lowlands. 相似文献