Ghrelin、KGF、TGF-β(β2、β3)在大鵟胃肠道中的表达

应用免疫组织化学方法和体视学半定量方法,检测了ghrelin、KGF、TGF-β(TGF-β_2,TGF-β_3)在大鵟(Buteo hemilasius)胃肠道中的表达,利用IPP专业图像分析软件对其表达强度进行了定量分析.结果表明,ghrelin免疫反应阳性物质分布在十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和直肠的黏膜层,主要分布于黏膜上皮、肠腺上皮和固有层.从十二指肠到盲肠阳性细胞的分布密度逐渐减小,直肠阳性细胞的分布密度高于盲肠.胃肠道呈KGF免疫反应阳性,胃内阳性物质分布于腺胃浅腺和深腺、肌胃黏膜、肌胃单管腺的上皮细胞;肠内阳性物质分布于固有层的血管、淋巴和平滑肌纤维.胃黏膜、腺胃深腺、肌胃单管腺、肠道黏膜、肠腺呈TGF-β_2及TGF-β_3免疫反应阳性,阳性物质分布于黏膜、肠腺上皮细胞胞质中.图像分析显示,KGF的阳性表达水平呈波浪形变化,在空肠和直肠处达到峰值;TGF-β2的阳性表达水平呈波浪形变化,分别在肌胃和空肠处有峰值;TGF-β_3从腺胃到空肠阳性表达水平逐渐增强,之后阳性表达水平又逐渐下降,到盲肠阳性表达水平回升.ghrelin、KGF、TGF-β_2和TGF-β_3的阳性表达强弱可能与胃肠道的消化能力有关,它们的协同表达调控鸟类胃肠道的生长和发育.     

暗腹雪鸡食管和胃的形态学及组织学观察

为了解暗腹雪鸡(Tetraogallus himalayensis)食管和胃的形态及组织结构特征,利用生物显微技术对暗腹雪鸡的食管和胃进行了观察.结果表明,暗腹雪鸡嗉囊发达.食管壁由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜组成,黏膜层较厚,黏膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,固有膜内食管腺丰富,由腺细胞围成的腺管直接开口于黏膜上皮,食管肌层发达,由内环、外纵平滑肌组成.胃壁由黏膜层、肌层和外膜组成,胃的黏膜下层不发达或缺无,胃肌层的排列则为内纵外环.表明暗腹雪鸡食管和胃的结构可能与其消化功能及其生境密切相关.     

大鼠胃卵泡刺激素及其受体的免疫荧光定位及原位杂交

目的探讨大鼠胃组织中是否表达卵泡刺激素（FSH）及其受体（FSHR）,为进一步研究FSH对消化系统的功能调节提供理论依据。方法选取SD大鼠20只,雌雄不拘,经腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠麻醉成功后,用4％多聚甲醛先快后慢灌流固定2h,开腹取胃组织置于300g／L蔗糖液中直至组织沉底,恒冷箱切片机切成厚度为6／zm的组织切片用于单标记免疫荧光定位研究。另一部分胃组织放入4％多聚甲醛室温固定6—8h,按石蜡包埋程序包埋后制成4pm石蜡切片用于原位杂交研究。结果在大鼠胃底腺的壁细胞和主细胞呈FSH和FSHR免疫反应阳性,阳性物质分布于细胞质,细胞核呈阴性反应;上述细胞同样含有FSH和FSHRmRNA杂交信号,信号物质亦分布于细胞质内,细胞核呈阴性反应。结论FSH及其受体定位于大鼠壁细胞和主细胞,同时大鼠壁细胞和主细胞又能产生FSH及其受体,说明FSH对壁细胞和主细胞功能作用可能是通过旁分泌或自分泌的作用来实现的。     

小熊猫胃的解剖和组织结构研究

小熊猫的胃属单室腺型胃,它以角切迹为界,可分为胃底部和幽门部两部分。胃壁由粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层组成。四上皮为单层柱状上皮,具有分泌粘液的功能。胃腺有贲门腺、胃底腺、幽门腺三种,但贲门腺不发达。主细胞、壁细胞和粘液细胞的数量与分布呈现规律性变化。肌层发达,特别是内环行肌发达。并与大熊猫胃的结构作了比较。     

小熊猫胃的解剖和组织结构研究

小熊猫的胃属单室腺型胃,它以角切迹为界,可分为胃底部和幽门部两部分.胃壁由粘膜、粘膜下层、肌层和浆膜四层组成.四上皮为单层柱状上皮,具有分泌粘液的功能.胃腺有贲门腺、胃底腺、幽门腺三种,但贲门腺不发达.主细胞、壁细胞和粘液细胞的数量与分布呈现规律性变化.肌层发达,特别是内环行肌发达.并与大熊猫胃的结构作了比较.     

自分泌运动因子受体在大鼠胃肠的定位

目的 研究自分泌运动因子受体在大鼠胃肠的表达及分布特点。方法应用免疫组织化学方法染色。结果在大鼠胃壁内有自分泌运动因子受体的表达,免疫反应产物主要定位于胃底腺,阳性细胞胞体大,胞核呈阴性,小肠和大肠组织均呈阴性反应。结论正常大鼠胃底腺有自分泌运动因子受体的表达,提示可能参与胃腺的多种生理活动。     

大熊猫胃肠道神经肽Y和长型瘦素受体的表达

为了观察神经肽Y(NPY)和瘦素长型受体(OB-Rb)在大熊猫胃肠道的表达分布,并探讨其功能。本实验选用中国保护大熊猫研究中心濒危动物繁殖与保护遗传四川省重点实验室提供的3例大熊猫胃肠组织样品,采用HE和免疫组化SABC法进行组织学、NPY及OB-Rb蛋白的表达研究。HE染色结果显示3例大熊猫胃肠道组织学结构完整,主要表现在单细胞和多细胞黏液腺丰富、小肠绒毛较长,肠道黏膜肌层与肌肉层较厚等。免疫组化方法观察到NPY和OB-Rb阳性产物广泛分布于大熊猫的胃肠道中。NPY阳性神经纤维呈串珠状或点状排列,主要位于黏膜下神经丛和肌间神经丛内,前者阳性神经纤维数量较多。NPY阳性细胞主要分布于黏膜层和肠腺,多呈椭圆形、多边形等。OB-Rb阳性产物主要分布在黏膜层,且在固有层内有大量阳性细胞分布。表明NPY和OB-Rb在大熊猫肠道中的广泛表达,为研究NPY和OB-Rb影响肠道的生长发育、消化吸收、免疫等多种功能奠定了基础。     

胍基丁胺在成年大鼠组织中的表达和分布

目的观察胍基丁胺（agmatine,AGM）在成年Wistar大鼠全身组织的表达和分布。方法采用免疫组织化学法,用自制的抗胍基丁胺多克隆抗体检测胍基丁胺在成年Wistar大鼠全身组织中的表达分布情况。结果胍基丁胺在胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、结肠的粘膜腺上皮细胞胞质内呈强阳性表达;胍基丁胺在大脑皮层、丘脑、海马、延髓的神经元胞质和神经轴突内呈强阳性表达;胍基丁胺在子宫、输卵管、前列腺的腺上皮细胞和睾丸的生精细胞胞质内呈强阳性表达;胍基丁胺在肝细胞、肾上腺皮髓质细胞胞质内呈阳性表达,在肾脏、脾脏呈弱阳性表达;胍基丁胺在肺、阴茎的微血管平滑肌细胞胞质内呈强阳性表达,但在心脏、骨骼肌、食道、主动脉的肌细胞内未见其表达。结论胍基丁胺在成年Wistar大鼠体内广泛分布,可能具有重要的生理作用。     

裸项栉鰕虎鱼消化系统组织形态学观察

目的 研究裸项栉缎虎鱼消化系统的组织形态学.方法 对裸项栉鰕虎鱼进行解剖,并测量和计算肠道系数、食道长度等数据;制作组织切片,采用光镜技术对消化系统的组织器官进行观察分析.结果 裸项栉鰕虎鱼的消化系统由消化管和消化腺组成,其中消化管包括口咽、食道、胃、小肠和大肠等,消化腺包括肝脏和胰腺.咽部上皮和食道上皮为复层扁平上皮,内有较多的杯状细胞和黏液腺,食道肌层为横纹肌.胃上皮为单层柱状上皮,胃底腺主要位于胃体部的固有层中.肠黏膜向肠腔突起形成许多皱襞,肠上皮为单层柱状上皮,上皮中有数量不等的杯状细胞.肠道系数(IC)约为0.30.胃和肠的肌层都为平滑肌.肝细胞中含有丰富的脂滴,在HE染色标本中因脂滴被溶解而呈大小不等的空泡.胰腺包括外分泌部和内分泌部,外分泌部是浆液腺,内分泌部又称胰岛,主要由内分泌细胞组成.结论 裸项栉鰕虎鱼的消化系统组织形态学与其杂食性相适应,本研究可为裸项栉鰕虎鱼的实验动物化提供支持.     

尾斑瘰螈主要消化器官组织结构观察

本研究采用组织学方法对尾斑瘰螈(Paramesotriton caudopunctatus)的消化器官进行了显微结构观察。结果表明,尾斑瘰螈食管较短,胃、肠壁组织结构分为黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜,小肠前段的黏膜下层缺失。胃黏膜层中有许多胃腺,胃腺细胞胞质含嗜酸性颗粒。小肠前段绒毛细长密集,中段、后段逐渐短小稀疏,在黏膜层的固有膜中没有肠腺分布。肝实质中肝小叶界限不明显,肝小叶内有大量色素颗粒成团分布。     

Light and Electron Microscopy of the European Beaver (Castor fiber) Stomach Reveal Unique Morphological Features with Possible General Biological Significance

Anatomical, histological, and ultrastructural studies of the European beaver stomach revealed several unique morphological features. The prominent attribute of its gross morphology was the cardiogastric gland (CGG), located near the oesophageal entrance. Light microscopy showed that the CGG was formed by invaginations of the mucosa into the submucosa, which contained densely packed proper gastric glands comprised primarily of parietal and chief cells. Mucous neck cells represented <0.1% of cells in the CGG gastric glands and 22–32% of cells in the proper gastric glands of the mucosa lining the stomach lumen. These data suggest that chief cells in the CGG develop from undifferentiated cells that migrate through the gastric gland neck rather than from mucous neck cells. Classical chief cell formation (i.e., arising from mucous neck cells) occurred in the mucosa lining the stomach lumen, however. The muscularis around the CGG consisted primarily of skeletal muscle tissue. The cardiac region was rudimentary while the fundus/corpus and pyloric regions were equally developed. Another unusual feature of the beaver stomach was the presence of specific mucus with a thickness up to 950 µm (in frozen, unfixed sections) that coated the mucosa. Our observations suggest that the formation of this mucus is complex and includes the secretory granule accumulation in the cytoplasm of pit cells, the granule aggregation inside cells, and the incorporation of degenerating cells into the mucus.     

Light,electron microscopical,and immunocytochemical investigation of the stomach wall of the tigerfish Hydrocynus forskahlii

The wall of the stomach of the tigerfish is described and compared with that of other vertebrates. Light microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of the stomach wall correspond to a large extent to those of other vertebrates, although some differences are found. The mucosa contains (1) surface epithelium characterized by narrow columnar cells with abundant mucous granules; (2) gastric glands consisting of pepsinogenic cells of variable height, containing tubulovesicles and bearing microvilli; (3) five granulated cell types located basally in the epithelium (types 1–5); and (4) lamina propria and muscularis mucosae. Connective tissue separating smooth muscle fibers of the muscularis mucosae constitutes a stratum compactum. The submucosa contains a loose connective tissue, a tunica muscularis of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers, and a serosa of mesothelium and subjacent connective tissue. Immunocytochemical tests with antisera to five polypeptides show gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) immunoreactivities in some cells of the gastric glands, and somatostatin in cells lying among epithelial cells lining the gastric luminal surface or gastric pits.     

Immunocytochemical studies on the localization of pancreatic-type phospholipase A2 in rat stomach and pancreas, with special reference to the stomach cells

Using a specific polyclonal antibody raised against rat pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), we investigated the localization of the enzyme in the rat pancreas and stomach by light and electron microscopy. In the pancreas, the enzyme was localized in the acinar cells, whereas the pancreatic islets showed no immunoreaction. In the stomach, the PLA2 reactive with the anti-pancreatic PLA2 antibody was distributed exclusively in the gastric glands, but not in the gastric pits or the pyloric glands. On the section of the stomach subjected to immuno- and PAS-staining, immunopositive cells were not the PAS-positive cells located in the gastric pit and the neck region of the gastric gland. Immunopositive cells were present from the neck to the bottom of the gastric gland. Immunoelectron microscopic observation revealed that the immunogold-labeled cell had a highly-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum in the basal cytoplasm and characteristic zymogen granules in the apical cytoplasm. Taking into account the cell position in the gastric gland, the immunopositive cell could therefore be identified as a chief cell. Since no double stainability with PLA2 and PAS was observed in the same cell, it is suggested that PLA2 could be used cytochemically as a marker enzyme of the chief cell in the gastric gland at the light-microscopic level. From the immunoelectron microscopic findings, we believe that the PLA2 in the stomach is released into the lumen of the stomach by exocytosis and could function as a digestive enzyme in the alimentary tract, like the PLA2 secreted from the pancreas. Other possible roles of the PLA2 in the stomach are discussed.     

Gastric lipase and pepsinogen during the ontogenesis of rabbit gastric glands

In rabbit stomach, gastric lipase activity level was found to increase from birth to 30 days old (weaning), and then decreased. In contrast, pepsin activity only appeared between 30 to 45 days old, and increased till to the adult level. It was observed that maturation of gastric glands in cardial mucosa was a downward elongation process from the mitotic cell pool. These mitotic cells were always found in the neck of the gastric glands, corresponding to the bottom of the gland at 6 days old and to the mid-zone of the gland in adult. Location of rabbit gastric lipase (RGL) cells in cardial glands varied with age and was found along the pit of the gastric glands at 6 days old. The extent of this cellular location decreased with age, whereas a second RGL cell zone appeared below the mitotic cell area at 18 and 30 days old. At 45 days old, the pepsinogen cells appeared in the bottom of the gland, and consequently the RGL cells were located in the mid-zone of the gastric glands, between mitotic cells (neck of the gland) and pepsinogen cells (lower part of the gland). Ultrastructural study of cardial gastric glands revealed different morphologies of the secretion granules in the cells along the gastric glands. In 6-day-old rabbits, secretory granules were found uniformly electron dense in the bottom of the glands and were RGL-labeled by the immunogold technique. In the medium part of the glands, granules appeared biphasic, with a clear and a dense part, and RGL labeling was confined to the electron-dense part.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

泽陆蛙消化道组织学观察

采用解剖学和组织学的方法对泽陆蛙消化道各部分的形态和组织学结构进行了观察。泽陆蛙的消化道分为口腔、咽、食道、胃、十二指肠、回肠和大肠。各管壁都由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜组成。食道黏膜层有皱褶和纤毛,无杯状细胞;胃黏膜层有杯状细胞和胃腺,黏膜下层有血管分布;小肠具绒毛、杯状细胞和肠腺,大肠皱褶少,杯状细胞也少。     

Morphological and histochemical peculiarities of the gut in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus.

The gut of adult sturgeon was examined. The oesophageal mucosa contained numerous caliciform cells, synthesizing both neutral and acidic glycoconjugates, the latter of the sialylated type. The deep tunica propria-submucosa contained lobules of multilocular adipose tissue, specially abundant during the cold season. The oesophageal tunica muscularis was made up of a large sheath of striated muscle fibres, arranged orthogonally to a thin, subserous smooth muscle layer. The siphon-shaped stomach showed a ciliated epithelium in cardiac and gastric proper gland zones, where tubular glands were present in the tunica propria. The columnar cells which composed the superficial epithelium and gastric pits were demonstrated to synthesize almost exclusively neutral glycoconjugates. Appendices pyloricae constituted a glandular body equipped with intestinal mucosa. The intestinal mucosa was organized in folds, containing numerous caliciform cells which synthesized neutral or acidic glycoconjugates, the latter either of the sialylated and sulphated type. The sulphoglycoconjugates were more abundant in the caliciform cells of the distal intestinal tracts. The tunica propria-submucosa of the spiral valve (medium intestine) contained lymphatic tissue and large lymphatic follicles. A muscularis mucosae was present only in the rectum, where in addition a peculiar granular cell type was present in the superficial tunica propria-submucosa, possibly related to defensive properties. The subserous connective tissue contained pancreatic lobules all along the stomach and intestine. The enteric nervous system showed some special aspects, the most intriguing of which was the presence of large, longitudinally oriented nerve bundles in the t. propria-submucosa of oesophagus and cardiac stomach. The nerve bundles contained, near unmyelinated nerves, some myelinated nerves, as well as neuronal bodies. Both these aspects are exceptional in vertebrates and obscure in their significance. The structural and histochemical aspects we here describe are in part different from those described for other fish. Some of these special features are possibly related with special functional roles, others require a deeper insight and different approaches to clarify them functionally.     

Morphological and histochemical investigations of esophagogastric tract of a lizard, Laudakia stellio (Agamidae, Linnaeus 1758)

Histological structures of esophagus and stomach tissue samples of Lacerta stellio have been studied, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) distribution has been histochemically determined. Histologically, esophagus and stomach of L. stellio are composed of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis mucosae and serosa. Mucosa of esophagus is covered by simple columnar ciliated epithelium with many mucous secreting goblet cells and contains branched tubular glands.Stomach of L. stellio is composed of fundus (oral and aboral) and pylorus regions. Mucosa is covered by columnar epithelium. Fundic glands are branched tubular glands while pyloric glands are usually simple tubular glands. In both regions of the stomach, glands are subdivided into three areas as base, neck and isthmus. Both in the esophagus and stomach, muscular layer is in the form of smooth muscle having inner circular and outer longitudinal layers.According to the results obtained by Alcian Blue (pH 5.8)/Periodic Acid Schiff staining, stomach is similar to esophagus in that neutral mucins and hyaluronic acid (HA) are dominant in isthmus and neck regions of gland tissue of stomach. In the base of the stomach, only neutral mucins have been observed. HA has been observed to be dominant in all other regions of both stomach and esophagus, along with some but not much sulphated GAGs.     

金丝猴食管和胃连接部的组织学研究

本文研究了金丝猴食管和胃连接处的组织结构。金丝猴的食管粘膜为典型的复民鳞状上皮,食管末端含有粘膜腺,粘膜表面有轻微的角质化。管壁外纵肌层有少量的横纹肌。与胃粘膜的连接均位于胃的贲门部以内,两种上皮的连接是突然的,不存在过渡。 贲门腺为少量的分枝管状腺,短而直,由粘膜细胞构成,对PAS染色呈阳性反应。     

The Cardiogastric Gland and Alimentary Tract of Caenolestid Marsupials

The stomach of the South American marsupial family Caenolestidae has a gland on its lesser curvature around the cardia. This cardiogastric gland is bi-lobed, typically 11times5 mm and bears a distinctive, highly folded mucosa which forms sac-like invaginations. These open into the stomach lumen via 40–60 slit-like orifices. The gland mucosa contains unbranched gastric glands which are considerably longer than those of other gastric glands present elsewhere in the stomach. The cells within the cardiogastric gland show intense eosinophilic staining properties, with the parietal cells being larger than those found in other regions of the stomach, as well as being arranged in clusters. Argentaffin cells are not present in the stomach mucosa. The gross morphology of the stomach and intestine is similar to that found in small carnivorous marsupials.