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1.
喀斯特地区丛枝菌根真菌遗传多样性   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
为探明喀斯特地区丛枝菌根真菌( AMF)的遗传多样性特征,利用巢式PCR和DGGE相结合的分子生物学方法对茂兰喀斯特多个植被类型下的AMF遗传多样性进行了研究.结果表明,喀斯特地区AMF遗传多样性指数和物种丰富度分别平均为3.50和41,远高于非喀斯特对照样地的2.68和17,分析表明,喀斯特地区较高的AMF多样性与此地区丰富的植物多样性以及特殊的生态环境有关,是与喀斯特生态系统长期相互选择的结果.不同植被类型下的AMF多样性差异显著,相似性指数最高为0.34,喀斯特地区AMF的群落结构随着植被类型的改变发生显著变化;基因测序显示,喀斯特地区AMF的优势菌属是生态适应性很强的球囊霉属,在喀斯特石漠化生态恢复中具有较强的利用潜力.  相似文献   

2.
喀斯特植被演替过程土壤丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)多样性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
喀斯特生态系统维持了丰富的微生物多样性,丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)结构和组成会随喀斯特植被演替而改变。以贵州贵阳花溪、毕节织金和关岭花江典型喀斯特区域按时空替代法采集了乔木林、灌木林和草本群落样地土壤,采用Illumina HiSeq分子测序技术,通过OTU聚类分析、物种注释及数据库比对,探索了喀斯特不同演替阶段土壤AMF物种多样性。结果表明:(1)喀斯特生境土壤获得球囊菌门Glomeromycota OTU为275个,分属于4目8科13属19种,属水平上AMF丰度表明根内根孢囊霉属Rhizophagus为优势属,花江拥有最高AMF丰富度,缩隔球囊霉Septoglomus constrictum、根内根孢囊霉Rhizophagus intraradices、Claroideoglomus sp. MIB8381和稀有内养囊霉Entrophospora infrequens均分布于各样地的不同植被演替阶段,为常见种。(2)AM真菌多样性Shannon指数与Simpson指数在不同演替阶段表现为花溪:乔木≈灌木草本(P0.05)、花江:灌木≈草本乔木(P0.05)、织金:乔木灌木草本,但差异不显著,Chao1和Abundance-based coverag estimator(ACE)指数表现为花江灌木≈草地乔木(P0.05)。(3)Spearman相关性分析表明土壤全磷与AMF ACE指数显著负相关,且与Chao1指数极显著负相关;速效磷与Shannon和Simpson指数显著负相关。(4)典范对应分析(Canonical Correlation Analysis,CCA)表明土壤全氮、速效氮、有机质、全磷和速效钾与AMF群落分布有显著相关性。结果表明喀斯特植被演替过程中土壤丛枝菌根真菌多样性随着演替进行或升高或降低,无一致变化规律,并与土壤理化性质关系密切,其中以磷的影响最大。  相似文献   

3.
为了解长期定位施肥对石灰性紫色水稻土丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)物种多样性的影响,从稻麦轮作下连续26年定位施农家肥(M)、氮肥+农家肥(NM)、氮磷肥+农家肥(NPM)、氮磷钾肥+农家肥(NPKM)、不施肥(CK)、氮肥(N)、氮磷肥(NP)、氮磷钾肥(NPK)等不同施肥处理小区采集根区土样,分离鉴定AMF、测定多样性特征。共鉴定出17种AMF,其中球囊霉属Glomus12种,占已分离总数的70.5%,为优势属;无梗囊霉属Acaulospora3种,占17.6%;原囊霉属Archaeospora和内养囊霉属Entrophospora各1种,各占5.9%。无论是石灰性紫色土种植水稻还是小麦,AMF侵染率最高的施肥处理均为无肥处理(CK),施肥特别是磷肥,降低AMF侵染率、孢子密度、相对多度和种丰度。变性梯度凝胶电泳(denaturinggradient gel electrophoresis,DGGE)分析结果表明,不施肥对照(CK)的AMF多样性最丰富,多样性指数最高,水稻和小麦种植下的多样性指数分别为2.68和3.02;与无机肥处理相比,农家肥配施无机肥提高了AMF多样性指数。农家肥配施无机肥更有利于AMF发育。  相似文献   

4.
为了初步了解内蒙古大兴安岭兴安落叶松森林生态系统丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)多样性状况, 调查了5种落叶松林型和火烧迹地土壤中AMF状况。从90份土样中共分离到AMF 4属53种, 其中无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 25种(47.17%), 球囊霉属Glomus 23种(43.40%), 此二属为优势属, 内养囊霉属Entrophospora 4种(7.55%), 巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 1种(1.89%)。杜香落叶松林的优势种为浅窝无梗囊霉A. lacunosa; 草地落叶松林没有优势种, 最常见种为浅窝无梗囊霉A. lacunosa; 柴桦落叶松林的优势种为一种无梗囊霉Acaulospora sp. 3和缩球囊霉G. constrictum; 落叶松皆伐林的优势种为刺无梗囊霉A. spinosa; 落叶松渐伐林的优势种为一种球囊霉Glomus sp. 3; 火烧迹地的优势种为刺无梗囊霉A. spinosa。5种林型中以柴桦落叶松林的孢子密度(41.00个/50 g 风干土)、物种丰富度(12.66种/土样)、多样性指数(H = 2.12, D = 0.85)都为最高。孢子密度与有机质含量呈明显正相关(r = 0.956*), 物种丰富度与速效磷含量呈明显的负相关(r = -0.899*)。  相似文献   

5.
云南金顶铅锌矿区丛枝菌根真菌多样性的研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
对云南金顶铅锌矿区丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)资源进行了调查,从32种植物的83个根际土壤样本中分离鉴定出5属36种丛枝菌根真菌,其中无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 5种、内养囊霉属Entrophospora 2种、巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora 1种、球囊霉属Glomus 24种及盾巨孢囊霉属Scutellospora 4种。球囊霉属和无梗囊霉属为金顶铅锌矿区中丛枝菌根真菌的优势属,沃克球囊霉Glomus walkeri是我国的新记录种。近明球囊霉Glomus claroideum、明球囊霉G.clarum、缩球囊霉G.constrictium、地球囊霉G.geosporum、摩西球囊霉G.mossaea、膨胀球囊霉G.pansihalos和疣突球囊霉G.verruculosum是金顶铅锌矿区的优势种;金顶铅锌矿区土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的孢子密度为495-11175个/100g土,平均3368±291(SE,标准误差)个/100g土,每种植物根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的物种丰富度为2-20种,平均11.5种;金顶铅锌矿区植物根际土壤中较高的AMF孢子密度和物种丰富度说明AMF对重金属污染具有较强的抗(耐受)性。  相似文献   

6.
我国洛阳与菏泽牡丹主栽园区AM真菌多样性研究   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
为探明我国特有花卉牡丹(Paeonia suffruticosa)根围内的丛枝菌根(AM)真菌资源状况,作者对河南省洛阳市与山东省菏泽市牡丹主产区土壤中的AM真菌进行了调查。共分离到AM真菌5属35种,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)在各采样点相对多度最高,其次是无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)。两地土壤中AM真菌种的丰度、孢子密度和物种多样性指数等存在差异:菏泽赵楼牡丹园AM真菌种的孢子密度最高,而其种的丰度最低;洛阳矬里牡丹种苗基地的孢子密度最低;菏泽种苗基地的Shannon-Wiener指数显著高于其他样地。地球囊霉(Glomus geosporum)是洛阳王城公园和菏泽赵楼牡丹园的优势种;缩球囊霉(Glomus constrictum)为洛阳土桥花木基地、洛阳牡丹园、菏泽牡丹种苗基地和菏泽赵楼牡丹园的优势种。本研究结果表明我国牡丹主栽园区AM真菌具有丰富的多样性。  相似文献   

7.
从三峡库区消落带3种常见野生植物的15个根际土壤样本中共分离鉴定出24种丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF),包括球囊霉属Glomus 15种、无梗囊霉属Acaulospora 3种、近明球囊霉属Claroideoglomus 2种和多样孢霉属Diversispora、内养囊霉属Entro phospora、巨孢囊霉属Gigaspora及类球囊霉属Paraglomus各1种。其中地表多样孢囊霉D.epigaea和伯氏类球囊霉P.pernambucanum是我国的新记录种。研究发现这3种植物根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的优势属为球囊霉属,优势种为地球囊霉G.geosporum、单孢球囊霉G.monosporum、地表球囊霉G.versiforme、副冠球囊霉G.coronatum和黄孢球囊霉G.flavisporum。研究还发现在这3种植物根际土壤中丛枝菌根真菌的孢子密度平均为839±170个/100g土,物种丰富度在14–22种之间,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和均匀度分别在1.97–2.21、0.409–0.479之间波动。结果表明三峡库区消落带是一个AMF多样性研究的资源库。  相似文献   

8.
吴楠  尹本丰  张静  陶冶  张元明 《微生物学通报》2020,47(11):3843-3855
【背景】温带荒漠有积雪背景条件下的荒漠苔藓植物与丛枝菌根真菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi,AMF)共生关系的研究非常有限。【目的】揭示不同积雪覆盖期(降雪前、雪盖期、融雪期)齿肋赤藓结皮层中AMF多样性的差异,为正确认识荒漠特色植物与微生物在冬季积雪期互利的重要生存策略提供数据支撑。【方法】利用高通量测序技术,分析稳定积雪期的古尔班通古特沙漠优势苔藓齿肋赤藓结皮AMF群落组成与多样性状况,尤其是降雪前和融雪期AMF群落结构差异。【结果】降雪前、雪盖期及融雪期检测到的OTU分属于球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)的5目9科11属,其中,近明球囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)、原囊霉属(Archaeospora)、类球囊霉属(Paraglomus)和球囊霉属(Glomus)为优势类群;降雪前和融雪期齿肋赤藓结皮层中绝对优势属(>50%)均为近明球囊霉属。群落丰富度Chao1指数和ACE指数均表现为雪盖前>积雪期>融雪期,表明降雪减少了AMF群落丰富度。近明球囊霉属融雪期比例大幅增加,而类球囊霉属、球囊霉属则较降雪前比例下降。基于MEGAN的分类学组成信息可视化分析表明,低丰度AMF类群更容易受到影响,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)主要集中在降雪前采集的样品中,而多样孢囊霉属(Diversispora)主要集中在融雪期样品中。结合聚类分析的属水平群落组成热图发现,高丰度分类单元的类别由降雪前的5种集中为2种。主成分分析结果表明,主成分1能够区分降雪前后的AMF群落结构特征,进一步验证降雪缺失对藓类结皮层AMF群落组成有筛选作用。高丰度优势属近明球囊霉属和球囊霉属之间、类球囊霉属和原囊霉属之间均呈现负相关,可能存在竞争关系;低丰度属巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)、隔球囊霉属(Septoglomus)、双型囊霉属(Ambispora)、盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)呈现正相关,可能存在协作关系以适应降雪。【结论】古尔班通古特沙漠的冬季降雪对苔藓结皮层AMF类群中的优势属和低丰度属有不同的选择策略。融雪期绝对优势属会降低存在竞争关系优势属的比例,进一步巩固优势地位,而存在正相关的低丰度属会同步降低比例,而且苔藓结皮层AMF优势属在该沙漠为近明球囊霉属。  相似文献   

9.
茂兰喀斯特森林小生境类型对土壤微生物群落组成的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
喀斯特山区是我国典型的生态脆弱区,区内分布复杂多样的小生境类型(石洞、石缝、石沟、石槽、土面等)。土壤微生物是陆地生态系统最活跃的成分,推动着生态系统能量流动和物质循环。研究不同小生境类型对土壤微生物群落组成的影响,对于喀斯特山区森林土壤微生物特征的认识和生态保护具有积极的意义。以贵州茂兰喀斯特森林小生境为对象,对其土壤理化性质和微生物组成进行了比较分析,并对小生境类型进行了数量聚类。结果表明:6种小生境土壤中共检测到48种磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA),其中,标记土壤微生物的特征PLFA有18种;土壤微生物总量、细菌、真菌、放线菌、G~+、G~-的含量均表现为石槽石沟土面表层石洞石缝土面下层,同时,各微生物类型的含量在不同生境类型中表现为细菌放线菌真菌; G~+/G~-在六种生境中表现为石槽石沟土面表层石缝石洞土面下层;真菌/细菌变幅为0.14—0.16,具体表现为土面表层石缝石沟石槽石洞土面下层;相关性分析和多元回归树分析显示,不同小生境类型的土壤有机质是影响土壤微生物群落组成的首要因子。聚类结果表明,小生境可划分为石槽-石沟型、石洞-石缝型、土面表层型以及土面下层型4种生境类型。研究结果证实了不同小生境类型对微生物分布特征存在显著影响。  相似文献   

10.
内蒙古荒漠沙柳AM真菌物种多样性   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
分别于2009年5月、8月和10月在内蒙古黑城子、正蓝旗和元上都3个样地采集沙柳(Salix psammophila)根围0-50 cm土层土样,研究了AM真菌群落组成及其生态分布特点.在分离的4属37种AM真菌中,球囊霉属(Glomus)23种,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)10种,这两属是3样地共同优势属;盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)3种,仅分布在黑城子和正蓝旗样地;巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)1种,仪分布在正蓝旗样地;网状球囊霉(G.reticulatum)是3样地共同优势种.AM真菌种丰度、均匀度指数、Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数大小依次是正蓝旗>黑城子>元上都;元上都样地的AM真菌组成与其他样地差异显著;8月和10月的AM真菌种丰度、Shannon多样性指数显著高于5月.随土壤碱解N含量提高,AM真菌种丰度、均匀度指数、物种多样性指数先升后降.结果提示,在评估荒漠环境沙柳和AM真菌共生关系时,AM真菌生态分布和丰富度是十分有用的指标.  相似文献   

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The microhabitat distribution of two congeneric species Dactylogyrus carpathicus and D. malleus (Monogenea) parasitizing the gills of the barbel (Barbus barbus L.) was investigated. We tested whether congeneric species exhibited microhabitat preference and whether interspecific interactions could be attributed to the microhabitat segregation of congeners. The outlying mean index method was used to evaluate species microhabitats. Gill variables (different microhabitats within gills) were used as environmental factors characterizing the gills. When abundances of both species were highest, and no significant difference was found between the abundance of the two species, the gill segments and gill areas were the most important factors segregating the Dactylogyrus species on the gills. Niche overlap was low within each of the four gill arches, and parasites were segregated in the same microhabitats within each gill arch. When abundances of both species were low, each monogenean species was segregated at the level of the gill arches. When abundances of both species increased, the niche and overlap between species increased. The distribution of both congeneric species confirmed microhabitat preference within the gills. The results suggest that microhabitat preference is dependent on species abundances, species being segregated in the case of low abundance, possibly to increasing mating opportunities. Both niche and overlap between species increased with species abundance. In the case of the high abundance of both species, microhabitat preference seems to be related to interspecific interactions between monogenean species, as previously found for endoparasitic species.  相似文献   

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14.
Guo  Qinfeng 《Plant Ecology》1998,139(1):71-80
The effects of microhabitat differentiation on small-scale plant community structure in the Chiuhuahuan Desert were studied using multivariate analysis. The results showed that microhabitats (i.e., kangaroo rat mounds, ant mounds, shrubs, half-shrubs, and open areas) played a critical role in structuring small-scale plant community structure and maintaining species diversity. Annual plants were much more sensitvive to the presence of differentiated microhabitats than perennials and winter annuals exhibited stronger microhabitat perferences than summer annuals. Species diversity was highest on ant mounds while open areas supported the lowest diversity during both winter and summer. Biomass was highest in the shrub habitats followed by kangaroo rat mounds, ant mounds, half-shrubs, and open areas. Much of the diversity of these plants could be explained by the individualistic responses of species to the biotic effect of other plants or to disturbance by animals, or individualistic responses of species to differences in microenvironments.  相似文献   

15.
浙江西天目山主要森林类型的苔藓多样性比较   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
 苔藓是森林的重要组分, 是森林保护区的重要保护对象, 在物种资源和生态系统功能维护中有重要作用。该研究以浙江西天目山国家自然保护区内7种主要森林类型(落叶矮林、落叶阔叶林、常绿-落叶阔叶混交林、常绿阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林和竹林)内的苔藓植物为对象, 调查了32个10 m × 10 m的样地, 记录地面生苔藓植物盖度和树附生苔藓植物多度, 采用重要值、相似性系数、多样性指数分析了森林类型间的苔藓植物多样性差异。共采集969份标本, 隶属41科84属142种, 其中苔类植物13科18属33种, 藓类植物28科66属109种, 优势科为灰藓科、青藓科和羽藓科。2种混交林(常绿-落叶阔叶混交林和针阔混交林)的物种丰富度和多样性指数均高于其余5种森林, 其中物种丰富度以针阔混交林最高, 苔藓植物多样性则以常绿-落叶阔叶混交林最高, 竹林两者均为最低。海拔等环境因子较为接近的植被类型的苔藓植物多样性相似性较高, 常绿阔叶林与针叶林相似性最高, 而落叶矮林和竹林相似性最小。  相似文献   

16.
Responses to microhabitat are often neglected when ecologists sample animal indicator groups. Microhabitats may be particularly influential in non-passive biodiversity sampling methods, such as baited traps or light traps, and for certain taxonomic groups which respond to fine scale environmental variation, such as insects. Here we test the effects of microhabitat on measures of species diversity, guild structure and biomass of dung beetles, a widely used ecological indicator taxon. We demonstrate that choice of trap placement influences dung beetle functional guild structure and species diversity. We found that locally measured environmental variables were unable to fully explain trap-based differences in species diversity metrics or microhabitat specialism of functional guilds. To compare the effects of habitat degradation on biodiversity across multiple sites, sampling protocols must be standardized and scale-relevant. Our work highlights the importance of considering microhabitat scale responses of indicator taxa and designing robust sampling protocols which account for variation in microhabitats during trap placement. We suggest that this can be achieved either through standardization of microhabitat or through better efforts to record relevant environmental variables that can be incorporated into analyses to account for microhabitat effects. This is especially important when rapidly assessing the consequences of human activity on biodiversity loss and associated ecosystem function and services.  相似文献   

17.
Invasive non-native plants are a major driver of native biodiversity loss, yet native biodiversity can sometimes benefit from non-native species. Depending on habitat context, even the same non-native species can have positive and negative effects on biodiversity. Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus aggregate) is a useful model organism to better understand a non-native plant with conflicting impacts on biodiversity. We used a replicated capture-mark-recapture study across 11 consecutive seasons to examine the response of small mammal diversity and abundance to vegetation structure and density associated with non-native blackberry (R. anglocandicans) in native, hybrid and blackberry-dominated novel ecosystems in Australia. Across the three habitat types, increasing blackberry dominance had a positive influence on mammal diversity, while the strength and direction of this influence varied for abundance. At a microhabitat scale within hybrid and native habitat there were no significant differences in diversity, or the abundance of most species, between microhabitats where blackberry was absent versus dominant. In contrast, in novel ecosystems diversity and abundances were very low without blackberry, yet high (comparable to native ecosystems) within blackberry as it provided functionally-analogous vegetation structure and density to the lost native understory. Our results indicate the ecological functions of non-native plant species vary depending on habitat and need to be considered for management. Comparative studies such as ours that apply a standardized approach across a broad range of conditions at the landscape and habitat scale are crucial for guiding land managers on control options for non-native species (remove, reduce or retain and contain) that are context-sensitive and scale-dependent.  相似文献   

18.
Du XL  Wang SJ  Rong L 《应用生态学报》2011,22(12):3094-3100
By measuring the foliar delta13C values of 5 common shrub species (Rhamnus davurica, Pyracantha fortuneana, Rubus biflorus, Zanthoxylum planispinum, and Viburnum utile) growing in various microhabitats in Wangjiazhai catchment, a typical karst desertification area in Guizhou Province, this paper studied the spatial heterogeneity of plant water use at niche scale and the response of the heterogeneity to different karst rocky desertification degrees. The foliar delta13C values of the shrub species in the microhabitats followed the order of stony surface > stony gully > stony crevice > soil surface, and those of the majority of the species were more negative in the microhabitat soil surface than in the others. The foliar delta13C values decreased in the sequence of V. utile > R. biflorus > Z. planispinum > P. fortuneana > R. davurica, and the mean foliar delta13C value of the shrubs and that of typical species in various microhabitats all increased with increasing karst rocky desertification degree, differed significantly among different microhabitats. It was suggested that with the increasing degree of karst rocky desertification, the structure and functions of karst habitats were impaired, microhabitats differentiated gradually, and drought degree increased.  相似文献   

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