小儿副轮状病毒的检出

用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,从婴幼儿急性腹泻粪便中检出轮状病毒RNA电泳阳性293份,发现一株副轮状病毒(青-27株),此株病毒经电泳观察,呈典型的轮状病毒形态,但易破碎。ELISA检测表明不具有一般轮状病毒的特异性群抗原,病毒RNA基因组由11个片段组成,但电泳图型特殊,吴4:3:2:2排列模式,本文证实,此一小儿副轮状病毒与国外报道的,散发罕见的小儿副轮状病毒RNA电泳图型相同,提示此病毒的重要意义。     

成人腹泻轮状病毒ELISA方法的建立和应用

本文通过特异性试验、阻断试验、交叉试验、敏感度试验和重复性试验,建立了成人腹泻轮状病毒一酶联免疫吸附试验法(ADRV—ELISA)。应用此法检测了全国20多个省区202份病人腹泻标本,检出率为91％。采用本ELISA、核酸电泳、电镜三种方法对48份病人腹泻标本进行了双盲法检测比较,结果三种方法的阳性检出率分别为100％、85.4％、56.25％(P<0.05)。实验结果表明,本ELISA应用于检测成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV),具有敏感度高。特异性强等优点。     

口服轮状病毒活疫苗安全性和免疫原性观察

为了观察口服轮状病毒活疫苗在儿童服用后的安全性和免疫原性效果。于惠州市选择63名6月龄~3岁的儿童为观察对象。所用疫苗由兰州生物制品研究所生产,服苗前和服苗后4~5周采末梢血,以中和试验检测抗轮状病毒(G1、G2、G3、G4)型抗体及疫苗株(LLR型)的抗体水平。63名儿童服苗前、后采集的血清样本双份配对均有效者为37人。37人服苗后各型抗体阳转率为47.06%~72.72%;≥4倍增长率为43.40%~66.04%;各型中和抗体免疫前后平均增长2.67~3.01倍。63名服苗儿童中的不良反应为低热3例(24.67%)、中热1例(1.59%)、无高热反应。观察结果表明,轮状病毒具有良好的免疫原性和安全性。     

婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎病原检测和治疗

目的了解辽河油田地区秋冬季3岁以下腹泻儿童轮状病毒感染率,观察口服抗轮状病毒免疫球蛋白(抗-HPV IgY)对轮状病毒感染性肠炎的疗效。方法酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测患儿大便轮状病毒抗原阳性者,比较抗．HPV IgY治疗组和常规药物治疗组2组的有效率。结果粪便中轮状病毒抗原检出率为71％,抗-HRV IgY治疗组的3d有效率为82．3％,常规药物治疗组为32．5％。结论轮状病毒感染是婴幼儿秋季腹泻的主要致病微生物,口服抗轮状病毒免疫球蛋白疗效高于常规药物治疗组。     

美洲轮状病毒疫苗应用的步骤

轮状病毒仍是全球发达国家和发展中国家儿童腹泻发病和死亡的主要原因,近期的估计提示,全球每年5岁以下儿童中有1．11亿腹泻是轮状病毒所致,2500万门诊病人,200万需住院治疗,352000～592000例死亡。儿童5岁前至少发生一次轮状病毒腹泻,1／5的儿童因轮状病毒腹泻需治疗,1／65住院,1／293死亡。     

猪和牛轮状病毒抗原和抗体的检测

应用ELISA直接双抗体夹心法检查轮状病毒抗原,24份仔猪和29份犊牛的腹泻粪样,分别有12和16份阳性。用病毒RNA电泳分析检查阳性粪样,各出现两种病毒RNA电泳型,用中和试验检查17份成年牛和16份成年猪血清,分别有16和15份病毒抗体阳性。将其与ELISA间接法和结合法进行了比较。     

用反转录—聚合酶链反应检测B组轮状病毒

轮状病毒（Ｒｏｔａｖｉｒｕｓ）是属于呼肠病毒科（Ｒｅｏｖｉｒｉｄａｅ）的双链ＲＮＡ（ｄｓＲＮＡ）病毒。至今已将轮状病毒分为七个组（Ａ～Ｇ）。已经发现的Ｂ组轮状病毒分别来自人、大鼠、牛、猪、羊。近十年来,通过轮状病毒的研究,轮状病毒Ｂ组已被公认为引起人...     

成人腹泻轮状病毒蛋白的免疫印迹分析

我们从腹泻病人便样中纯化了病毒,其结构蛋白组分按分子量大小分别为VP1(136K),VP2(113K),VP3(92K),VP4(84K),VP5(64K),VP6(47K),VP7(41K)。所有这些蛋白皆具有抗原性。WP6是B组轮状病毒的共同抗原。B组轮状病毒的每一结构蛋白与A组轮状病毒都无交叉免疫反应。另外注意到二例不同病人对VP6和VP7刺激产生的抗体水平不同。     

成人腹泻轮状病毒的血清流行病学

本文用对流电泳技术进行成人腹泻轮状病毒(ADRV)血清流行病学调查,发现我国大陆、香港及澳大利亚正常人群中,抗ADRV抗体阳性率都在20％以下,而发生过腹泻流行的地区,阳性率高达40％以上。在动物中,抗体反应谱广泛(猪、鸡、鸭、家鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、小鼠)。以猪(36.13％)和家鼠(46.66％)为最高,讨论了成人腹泻轮状病毒动物来源的可能性。     

Purification and characterization of adult diarrhea rotavirus: identification of viral structural proteins.

Adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) is a newly identified strain of noncultivable human group B rotavirus that has been epidemic in the People's Republic of China since 1982. We have used sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western (immuno-) blot analysis to examine the viral proteins present in the outer and inner capsids of ADRV and compared these with the proteins of a group A rotavirus, SA11. EDTA treatment of double-shelled virions removed the outer capsid and resulted in the loss of three polypeptides of 64, 61, and 41, kilodaltons (kDa). Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H digestion of double-shelled virions identified the 41-kDa polypeptide as a glycoprotein. CaCl2 treatment of single-shelled particles removed the inner capsid and resulted in the loss of one polypeptide with a molecular mass of 47 kDa. The remaining core particle had two major structural proteins of 136 and 113 kDa. All of the proteins visualized on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were antigenic by Western blot analysis when probed with convalescent-phase human and animal antisera. A 47-kDa polypeptide was most abundant and was strongly immunoreactive with human sera, animal sera raised against ADRV and against other group B animal rotaviruses (infectious diarrhea of infant rat virus, bovine and porcine group B rotavirus, and bovine enteric syncytial virus) and a monoclonal antibody prepared against infectious diarrhea of infant rat virus. This 47-kDa inner capsid polypeptide contains a common group B antigen and is similar to the VP6 of the group A rotaviruses. Human convalescent-phase sera also responded to a 41-kDa polypeptide of the outer capsid that seems similar to the VP7 of group A rotavirus. Other polypeptides have been given tentative designations on the basis of similarities to the control preparation of SA11, including a 136-kDa polypeptide designated VP1, a 113-kDa polypeptide designated VP2, 64- and 61-kDa polypeptides designated VP5 and VP5a, and several proteins in the 110- to 72-kDa range that may be VP3, VP4, or related proteins. The lack of cross-reactivity on Western blots between antisera to group A versus group B rotaviruses confirmed that these viruses are antigenically quite distinct.     

沙市婴幼儿腹泻中检出3株C群轮状病毒

1987～1988年在沙市165份婴幼儿急性腹泻标本中,用PAGE法检出轮状病毒37株(22.4％),其中3株为少见的轮状病毒,此种病毒经电镜观察,具有典型轮状病毒的形态结构,ELISA证实该病毒不具有A群和B群轮状病毒的群特异性抗原。RNA电泳分析表明,其基因组由11个双链RNA片段组成,电泳图型特殊,呈4:3:2:2的排列模式。上述试验表明,该病毒为世界上罕见的C群轮状病毒。免疫电镜证实,该病毒能被病人恢复期血清所凝集,提示该病毒是腹泻病儿的致病因子。     

Mineralization of individual congeners of linear alkylbenzenesulfonate by defined pairs of heterotrophic bacteria

Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1(T) utilized the commercial surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) (20 congeners with C(10) to C(13) side chains) as a carbon and energy source by shortening the side chain, and sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPCs) and similar compounds (e.g., alpha,beta-unsaturated SPCs [SPC-2Hs]) were excreted with quantitative recovery of the sulfophenyl moiety. 2-(4-Sulfophenyl)decane (2-C10-LAS) was converted largely to 3-(4-sulfophenyl)butyrate (3-C4-SPC), as were 2-C12-LAS and 2-C14-LAS; the other products were 5-C6-SPC (SPC+2C) and 3-C4-SPC-2H. 2-C11-LAS was converted largely to 4-C5-SPC with the corresponding SPC+2C and SPC-2H; similarly, 3-C12-LAS yielded 4-C6-SPC with the corresponding SPC+2C and SPC-2H. This pattern of products confirmed that LAS is degraded by omega-oxygenation and chain shortening through beta-oxidation. At least nine major SPCs were formed from commercial LAS. The novel isolates Comamonas testosteroni SPB-2 and KF-1 utilized 3-C4-SPC; Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 utilized 4-C6-SPC enantioselectively. The substrate-dependent oxygen uptake of whole cells of strain SPB-2 indicated that there was inducible oxygenation of 3-C4-SPC and of 4-sulfophenol in whole cells of the strains of C. testosteroni during growth with 3-C4-SPC or 4-sulfophenol. The degradative pathways apparently involved 4-sulfocatechol and 4-sulfocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Strain SPB-2 and strain DS-1(T) grew together in LAS-salts medium, and only seven of the nine major SPCs were recovered. Strain SPB-2 utilized 3-C4-SPC, 3-C5-SPC, and 3-C4-SPC-2H. Strain SPH-1 grew together with strain DS-1(T) in LAS-salts medium, and a different set of seven major SPCs was recovered. Strain SPH-1 utilized 4-C6-SPC, 4-C5-SPC, 4-C6-SPC-2H, and 4-C5-SPC-2H. A three-member community consisting of strains DS-1(T), SPB-2, and SPH-1 utilized four major SPCs. We inferred that this community mineralized the major SPCs derived from 8 of the 20 LAS congeners.     

Adult diarrhea rotavirus in Jilin, China

In May 1986, an outbreak of epidemic acute diarrhea occurred in one city and three counties in Yanbian area. The diarrheal cases were seen in all age groups, the majority of the cases were seen in adult age group. No bacterial pathogens were isolated in 22 fecal samples examined, however rotavirus like particles of 52-68 nm in diameter were found in 50% (11/22) of fecal samples by the immunoelectron microscopy using convalescent sera. Examination by the adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) ELISA kit showed positive reaction in 86% (6/7) of fecal extracts, however in all 22 fecal extracts examination using ELISA kit for detection of group A rotavirus showed negative reaction. The PAGE patterns of viral RNAs similar to those of ADRV were seen in 13 out of 22 fecal extracts. The detection rate by PAGE analysis was 59%. Based on the above data, the etiological agent of the epidemic acute diarrhea, which occurred in Yanbian area, was identified to be ADRV.     

Mineralization of Individual Congeners of Linear Alkylbenzenesulfonate by Defined Pairs of Heterotrophic Bacteria

Parvibaculum lavamentivorans DS-1^T utilized the commercial surfactant linear alkylbenzenesulfonate (LAS) (20 congeners with C₁₀ to C₁₃ side chains) as a carbon and energy source by shortening the side chain, and sulfophenylcarboxylates (SPCs) and similar compounds (e.g., α,β-unsaturated SPCs [SPC-2Hs]) were excreted with quantitative recovery of the sulfophenyl moiety. 2-(4-Sulfophenyl)decane (2-C10-LAS) was converted largely to 3-(4-sulfophenyl)butyrate (3-C4-SPC), as were 2-C12-LAS and 2-C14-LAS; the other products were 5-C6-SPC (SPC+2C) and 3-C4-SPC-2H. 2-C11-LAS was converted largely to 4-C5-SPC with the corresponding SPC+2C and SPC-2H; similarly, 3-C12-LAS yielded 4-C6-SPC with the corresponding SPC+2C and SPC-2H. This pattern of products confirmed that LAS is degraded by ω-oxygenation and chain shortening through β-oxidation. At least nine major SPCs were formed from commercial LAS. The novel isolates Comamonas testosteroni SPB-2 and KF-1 utilized 3-C4-SPC; Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 utilized 4-C6-SPC enantioselectively. The substrate-dependent oxygen uptake of whole cells of strain SPB-2 indicated that there was inducible oxygenation of 3-C4-SPC and of 4-sulfophenol in whole cells of the strains of C. testosteroni during growth with 3-C4-SPC or 4-sulfophenol. The degradative pathways apparently involved 4-sulfocatechol and 4-sulfocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase. Strain SPB-2 and strain DS-1^T grew together in LAS-salts medium, and only seven of the nine major SPCs were recovered. Strain SPB-2 utilized 3-C4-SPC, 3-C5-SPC, and 3-C4-SPC-2H. Strain SPH-1 grew together with strain DS-1^T in LAS-salts medium, and a different set of seven major SPCs was recovered. Strain SPH-1 utilized 4-C6-SPC, 4-C5-SPC, 4-C6-SPC-2H, and 4-C5-SPC-2H. A three-member community consisting of strains DS-1^T, SPB-2, and SPH-1 utilized four major SPCs. We inferred that this community mineralized the major SPCs derived from 8 of the 20 LAS congeners.     

Genomic diversity among group A rotaviruses from diarrheic children,piglets, buffalo and cow calves of Madhya Pradesh

Diarrheal disease continues to be a global health problem, particularly among young ones in developing nations. Amongst several viral and non-viral agents associated with diarrhea, group A rotavirus has been recognized as the major etiological agent of childhood gastroenteritis in human infants as well as several animal species throughout the world. During this study, a total of 181 diarrheic stool samples collected from children, piglets, buffalo and cow calves of Madhya Pradesh, central India were analyzed by electrophoretic mobilities of the 11 segments of dsRNA by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). This technique revealed prevalence of rotavirus among different species (human-26.09%, pig-25.71%, buffalo-23.61% and cattle-21.43%). Prevalence of existence of circulating 8 different electropherotypes of group A rotaviruses indicated high genomic diversity among rotaviruses in this geographical region. Majority of the electropherotypes from humans and animals were of long pattern (75%) than short electropherotypes (9.09%). Same electropherotype was found to exist either only in a single species or in more than one species implicating the possibility of cross species transmission of the rotavirus strains. As it was found that certain animal rotavirus strains had electropherotypic similarities to some human strains, speculation increased about whether animals play a role as a source of rotavirus infection in humans or vice-versa. There is a need for further detailed study on the molecular characterization of rotaviruses which would have important implication in vaccine evaluation program.