一种简单准确的L-苏氨酸测定方法

通过研究建立了发酵液中L-苏氨酸定性和定量测定的"纸层析-Rf值法"和"纸层析-色斑洗脱比色法",并对该方法的应用条件进行了研究。研究结果表明,该法对测定L-苏氨酸含量具有较高的准确度和精密度。而且该法操作简单、易于掌握,非常适合在L-苏氨酸产生菌筛选中应用。     

化学比色法测定发酵液中L-缬氨酸的研究

应用“化学比色法”对发酵液中L -缬氨酸进行了定量分析研究 ,确立了L -缬氨酸定量测定条件和计算方法。以高速氨基酸分析仪测定结果为参比 ,用化学比色法测定结果的准确度比纸层析 -色斑洗脱比色法高 ,且应用化学比色法测定L-缬氨酸的含量较为方便。     

酶-DNS比色法测定酵母海藻糖的研究

确定了以酶-DNA比色法定量测定酵母海藻糖的方法,并对可能影响测定的因素进行了研究。结果表明：酶-DNA比色法无设备条件要求限制,且快速,准确,特异性强。     

纸上径向层析法定量测定氨基酸

<正> 氨基酸纸层析定量测定法包括了纸层析分离和各氨基酸的定量测定。在纸层析分离上,径向展层远比单同或双向展层为优;在氨基酸定量测定上,有结合标准定量的方法和斑点测量法两种,前者较为准确,但手续繁杂;后者简单快速,但影响因素较多。斑点测量法是Fisher首先提出的,以后Beinley从理论上证明其关系式如下:     

蛹虫草子实体中海藻糖含量的测定

为分析食用菌中海藻糖的含量,以蛹虫草子实体为材料,比较了提取溶剂、提取方式及提取时间等条件对海藻糖提取效果的影响,确定海藻糖分析的前处理方法为:1g子实体粉中加入100mL90%乙醇热回流提取1h。采用高效液相色谱法测定海藻糖,优化后的色谱条件为:SUGAR SP0810柱(300mm×8mm),超纯水洗脱,流速0.5mL/min,柱温70℃,示差折光检测器检测,进样量10μL。方法学考察结果表明,该方法准确度高,稳定性、精密度、重现性好,对海藻糖标准品的检测特异性良好,适用于蛹虫草子实体中海藻糖含量的分析。     

海藻糖合酶在毕赤酵母表面的展示

海藻糖合酶能够利用麦芽糖一步法转化生产海藻糖,其底物专一性较高,该酶体系生产工艺简单,不受底物麦芽糖浓度的影响,是工业生产海藻糖的首选。为获得具有生产海藻糖合酶能力的毕赤酵母表面展示载体,实验以筛选的Pseudomonas putide P06海藻糖合酶基因为模板,PCR扩增得到海藻糖合酶基因(tres,2 064 bp),连接至pPICZαA质粒中,获得重组质粒pPICZαA-tres。以来自酿酒酵母的共价连接细胞壁的Pir系列蛋白的Pir1p成熟肽蛋白作为毕赤酵母表面展示的锚定蛋白,利用PCR技术扩增得到pir1p(847 bp),连接至重组质粒pPICZαA-tres中,获得重组质粒pPICZαA-tres-pir1p。将重组质粒电击转入毕赤酵母GS115中,利用α-factor信号肽将蛋白引导分泌至细胞壁展示于毕赤酵母表面。通过Zeocin抗性筛选,挑选出阳性克隆子并摇瓶发酵。发酵产物经离心、破碎并使用昆布多糖酶水解,洗脱,结果显示,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析可见明显融合蛋白条带,表明海藻糖合酶已成功地锚定在毕赤酵母。将重组毕赤酵母使用p H 7.5的缓冲液清洗并重悬,与底物浓度为30%的麦芽糖在30℃~60℃水浴条件下作用2 h,反应产物利用HPLC检测,能够检测到酶学活性。在优化后的条件p H 7.5,50℃,表面展示海藻糖合酶酶活达到300.65 U/g。40℃~50℃酶活较稳定,保温60 min,残留酶活相对活力达75%以上;最适反应p H值为7.5,并在碱性环境下稳定。     

对一株藤黄微球菌合成海藻糖能力的鉴定

报道了一株藤黄微球菌 (Micrococcusluteus)具有产酶能力 ,可以淀粉糊精为底物合成海藻糖 ,从还原糖含量变化、纸层析和高效阴离子交换 脉冲安培法检测几方面对酶反应予以证实。     

高压液相色谱分离和定量测定银杏叶子中的双黄酮

叙述了分离和定量测定银杏叶粗提物中双黄酮的高压液相色谱法。采用Lichrcsorb-Diol柱系统和三元洗脱系统:正己烷—氯仿—四氢呋喃,适合于分离西阿多黄素、银杏黄素、异银杏黄素和白果黄素。双黄酮在330nm处检定,确定了校正曲线,相关因子用金合欢素作内标计算。该法用于叶子粗提物中双黄酮的定量测定;研究了双黄酮含量的季节性变化,表明在秋季叶中含量较高。     

石蜡酪杆菌B126产生的糖脂的理化性质

通过纸层析、硅胶薄层层析和气相色谱分析表明,石蜡酪杆菌(Caseobacter paraffinicum)B126至少产生两种糖脂,其主要产物是海藻糖脂。它由海藻糖和两种以上的脂肪酸(十六碳酸和十八碳酸)所组成。其表面张力和界面张力(对重液体石蜡)分别为28～29和1～2mN/m,临界胶束浓度(CMC)较低,为64mg/L。     

昆虫海藻糖与海藻糖酶的特性及功能研究

海藻糖作为昆虫的血糖,对昆虫的能量代谢、滞育、抗逆等具有重要作用。海藻糖酶是海藻糖代谢过程中一个重要的酶类,特异性地将一分子海藻糖水解为两分子葡萄糖而被昆虫利用,其基因表达和酶活性与昆虫各项生理过程密切相关。本文从昆虫海藻糖与海藻糖酶的特性、代谢途径以及它们在昆虫体内的重要作用进行综述,并对海藻糖和海藻糖酶在授粉昆虫方面的研究作了展望。     

Entwicklungsgeschichte und Ultrastruktur von Pollenkitt und Exine bei nahe verwandten entomophilen und anemophilen Angiospermensippen derAlismataceae,Liliaceae, Juncaceae,Cyperaceae, Poaceae undAraceae

Some closely related members of the monocotyledonous familiesAlismataceae, Liliaceae, Juncaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae andAraceae with variable modes of pollination (insect- and wind-pollination) were studied in relation to the ultrastructure of pollenkitt and exine (amount, consistency and distribution of pollenkitt on the surface of pollen grains). The character syndromes of pollen cementing in entomophilous, anemophilous and intermediate (ambophilous or amphiphilous) monocotyledons are the same in principal as in dicotyledons. Comparing present with former results one can summarize: 1) The pollenkitt is always produced in the same manner by the anther tapetum in all angiosperm sub-classes. 2) The variable stickiness of entomophilous and anemophilous pollen always depends on the particular distribution and consistency of the pollenkitt, but not its amount on the pollen surface. 3) The mostly dry and powdery pollen of anemophilous plants always contains a variable amount of inactive pollenkitt in its exine cavities. 4) A step-by step change of the pollen cementing syndrome can be observed from entomophily towards anemophily. 5) From the omnipresence of pollenkitt in all wind-pollinated angiosperms studied one can conclude that the ancestors of anemophilous angiosperms probably have been zoophilous (i.e. entomophilous) throughout.

     

Identification and Characterization of the First Equine Parainfluenza Virus 5

正Dear Editor,Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5), known as canine parainfluenza virus in the veterinary field, is a negative-sense,nonsegmented, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Paramyxoviridae family (Chen 2018). The virus was first reported in primary monkey kidney cells in 1954 (Hsiung1972), then it has been frequently discovered in various     

Pathogenic Characterization and Full Length Genome Sequence of a Reassortant Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Newly Isolated in Pakistan

<正>Dear Editor,Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the most important diseases of the poultry. The IBD virus (IBDV), a nonenveloped virus belonging to the Birnaviridae family with a genome consisting of two segments of double-stranded RNA (segments A and B), targets B lymphocytes of bursa of Fabricious leading to immunosuppression. In Pakistan,poultry farming is the second biggest industry and IBD is the second biggest disease threating the poultry sector.However, there is limited genome information of IBDV     

Similar aerosol emission rates and viral loads in upper respiratory tracts for COVID-19 patients with Delta and Omicron variant infection

Highlights
1 Aerosol emission rates of Delta or Omicron patients were similar.
2 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of Alpha, Delta and Omicron patients were similar.
3 Viral loads in upper respiratory tract of vaccinated or unvaccinated Delta patients had no difference.     

Recombinant human interferon-α1b inhibits SARS-CoV-2 better than interferon-α2b in vitro

Highlights
1) A comprehensive evaluation method for anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs was established based on RT-qPCR, TCID₅₀ method, and immunofluorescence.
2) A significant antiviral effect of rHuIFN-α1b was shown with EC₅₀=0.12 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=0.52 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells, which was better than rHuIFN-α2b (EC₅₀=0.25 IU/mL in Vero cells and EC₅₀=2.48 IU/mL in Calu-3 cells).
3) rHuIFN-α1b has a good potential in the application of anti-COVID-19 therapy.     

Continued antigenic variation of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H7N9) virus in laying hens in China, 2020–2021

Highlights
1. 13 strains of H7N9 viruses from laying hens in 2020 and 2021 were identified.
2. H7N9 viruses in China comprised at least 11 genotypes.
3. H7N9 viruses are high pathogenic in chickens, not in ducks.
4. The most H7N9 viruses cross-reacted poorly with H7-Re3 antiserum.
5. The H7-Re3 vaccine was unable to prevent H7N9 infection.