计算机视觉在植物显微结构观测中的应用

植物显微结构计算机视觉技术的研究已得到人们的重视,本文综述了计算机视觉在植物显微结构中几个重要方面的研究进展,包括计算机视觉的形成和发展,计算机视觉在植物显微结构中的应用和目前植物显微结构计算机视觉系统的组成和原理。     

生物双重显微结构三维重建图象显示及畸变补偿方法

本文介绍计算机三维重建技术的两个进展:双重显微结构三维重建图象的显示技术及三维重建图象显示畸变的补偿方法。 1.生物双重显微结构的三维显示方法 有些生物的神经核团具有双重结构,例如蛤蚧的中脑峡核,它由大细胞部(Imc)和小细胞部(Ipc)两部分组成,仅Imc与视觉有关,Ipc似乎既无视觉功能也无听觉功能。但Imc与Ipc紧挨着,且有部分结构交迭在     

冰冻切片技术在植物显微结构和组织化学中的应用

介绍了冰冻切片法研究植物显微结构和组织化学的一般程序。结果表明,冰冻切片过程简单有效且图版清晰,在1d内可获得高质量图片,解决了利用普通石蜡切片观察植物样品需要进行脱水、浸透、包埋操作且耗时长的问题,在植物显微结构和组织化学研究中具有广阔的应用前景。     

中国干旱区柳科植物种子形态特征及其系统学意义

对中国干旱区柽柳科植物３属７代表种的种子形态及种皮表面亚显微结构进行了观察,表明种子形态及种皮表面亚显微结构可为本科植物的分类提供有价值的信息。     

利用共聚焦显微镜系统进行视觉显微结构的三维重建

本文介绍利用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜系统进行的三种动物视觉显微结构的三维重建.所重建的对象为鸽视顶盖的神经元,蜻蜒小眼的晶锥和蟾蜍两个视顶盖之间的纤维联接结构.通过对约60μm厚的样品的共聚焦激光扫描,得到了1和3μm厚的连续光学切面的图象.利用计算机对这些图象进行三维重建得到的模型富有实体感和体视感,特别是以荧光染料标记的样品其三维重建结果比预料的好.三维重建的结果首次展示了这三种视觉显微结构的三维形态,这对进一步研究视觉显微结构的定量形态学和结构功能关系有重要意义,特别是这种装置能研究活组织的三维构型.对该系统的原理和优良性能也作了介绍.     

利用共聚焦显微镜系统进行视觉显微结构的三维重建

本文介绍利用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜系统进行的三种动物视觉显微结构的三维重建.所重建的对象为鸽视顶盖的神经元,蜻蜒小眼的晶锥和蟾蜍两个视顶盖之间的纤维联接结构.通过对约60μm厚的样品的共聚焦激光扫描,得到了1和3μm厚的连续光学切面的图象.利用计算机对这些图象进行三维重建得到的模型富有实体感和体视感,特别是以荧光染料标记的样品其三维重建结果比预料的好.三维重建的结果首次展示了这三种视觉显微结构的三维形态,这对进一步研究视觉显微结构的定量形态学和结构功能关系有重要意义,特别是这种装置能研究活组织的三维构型.对该系统的原理和优良性能也作了介绍.     

冰冻切片技术在铁皮石斛显微结构上的应用

为了快速高效的观察兰科植物铁皮石斛的显微结构,利用光镜和改进的蔗糖保护--液氮速冻冰冻切片法,观察铁皮石斛根、茎、叶的显微结构。该技术方法是将铁皮石斛器官经过蔗糖磷酸缓冲液保护液处理后抽真空,再经过液氮速冻、包埋、切片、展片观察、染色以及拍照等步骤,制作出铁皮石斛根、茎和叶较完整的显微结构切片。研究结果表明,适合铁皮石斛根的最适条件为:蔗糖质量体积分数为8%、冷凝温度-25℃、切片厚度20μm;茎的最适条件为:蔗糖质量体积分数为16%、冷凝温度-20℃、切片厚度15μm;叶的最适条件为:蔗糖质量体积分数为4%、冷凝温度-20℃、切片厚度10μm。该研究在兰科植物显微结构观察和组织化学研究中将具有广阔的应用前景。     

视觉信号在昆虫检测植物寄主中的作用

植物为数十万种昆虫提供各种资源,如食物、交配、产卵和躲避天敌的场所。目前对昆虫检测植物寄主的研究主要关注昆虫嗅觉系统和植物寄主挥发物之间的相互作用,对昆虫视觉系统发挥的作用关注较少。近年来,对昆虫视觉器官、光行为反应及分子生物学的研究表明,昆虫具有优异的视觉能力,能够辨别植物寄主的颜色、大小和轮廓,应该将视觉纳入昆虫检测植物寄主的研究中。昆虫能够利用视觉信号准确检测寄主,远距离时,主要依靠植物寄主轮廓检测寄主,近距离时,寄主的大小、颜色和形状发挥重要作用。利用昆虫视觉识别寄主的专一性研制诱捕装置,可为害虫的监测和防治提供一定的理论基础。     

扇叶铁线蕨叶片对岩溶环境的生态适应

地理环境的不同造就了植物不同的适生机制。本研究对岩溶区和非岩溶区的扇叶铁线蕨（Adiantum flabellulatum）的叶片进行了比较,结果表明,二者在显微结构和亚显微结构方面都存在明显区别。在显微结构方面：岩溶区生长的扇叶铁线蕨的叶片具有旱生植物叶片特点,即叶片为等面叶,叶肉细胞排列较为紧密以及叶片维管组织发达等：而非岩溶区生长的扇叶铁线蕨的叶片为异面叶,特点为叶肉细胞排列相对疏松,维管组织不发达。扫描电镜分析显示：非岩溶区扇叶铁线蕨叶片表面具有很多明显的凹槽状结构,而岩溶区扇叶铁线蕨的叶片与之有明显不同,其叶片表面特别是叶脉位置具有明显的刺状结构,超薄切片发现这些刺状膨大部分细胞内存在液泡结构,并且这些刺状结构在叶片抽真空的过程中变瘪,说明这些刺状结构可能具有储存水分的功能。岩溶区扇叶铁线蕨特有的显微和亚显微结构保证了该种植物在岩溶干旱环境中可以正常生长。     

扇叶铁线蕨叶片对岩溶环境的生态适应

地理环境的不同造就了植物不同的适生机制。本研究对岩溶区和非岩溶区的扇叶铁线蕨(Adiantum flabellulatum)的叶片进行了比较, 结果表明, 二者在显微结构和亚显微结构方面都存在明显区别。在显微结构方面: 岩溶区生长的扇叶铁线蕨的叶片具有旱生植物叶片特点, 即叶片为等面叶, 叶肉细胞排列较 为紧密以及叶片维管组织发达等; 而非岩溶区生长的扇叶铁线蕨的叶片为异面叶, 特点为叶肉细胞排列相对疏松, 维管组织不发达。扫描电镜分析显示: 非岩溶区扇叶铁线蕨叶片表面具有很多明显的凹槽状结构, 而岩溶区扇叶铁线蕨的叶片与之有明显不同, 其叶片表面特别是叶脉位置具有明显的刺状结构, 超 薄切片发现这些刺状膨大部分细胞内存在液泡结构, 并且这些刺状结构在叶片抽真空的过程中变瘪, 说明这些刺状结构可能具有储存水分的功能。岩溶区扇叶铁线蕨特有的显微和亚显微结构保证了该种植物在岩溶干旱环境中可以正常生长。     

Imaging plants dynamics in heterogenic environments

Noninvasive imaging sensors and computer vision approaches are key technologies to quantify plant structure, physiological status, and performance. Today, imaging sensors exploit a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum, and they can be deployed to measure a growing number of traits, also in heterogenic environments. Recent advances include the possibility to acquire high-resolution spectra by imaging spectroscopy and classify signatures that might be informative of plant development, nutrition, health, and disease. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of surfaces and volume is of particular interest, enabling functional and mechanistic analyses. While taking pictures is relatively easy, quantitative interpretation often remains challenging and requires integrating knowledge of sensor physics, image analysis, and complex traits characterizing plant phenotypes.     

A computer vision based method for 3D posture estimation of symmetrical lifting

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) are commonly observed among the workers involved in material handling tasks such as lifting. To improve work place safety, it is necessary to assess musculoskeletal and biomechanical risk exposures associated with these tasks. Such an assessment has been mainly conducted using surface marker-based methods, which is time consuming and tedious. During the past decade, computer vision based pose estimation techniques have gained an increasing interest and may be a viable alternative for surface marker-based human movement analysis. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a computer vision based marker-less motion capture method to assess 3D joint kinematics of lifting tasks. Twelve subjects performing three types of symmetrical lifting tasks were filmed from two views using optical cameras. The joints kinematics were calculated by the proposed computer vision based motion capture method as well as a surface marker-based motion capture method. The joint kinematics estimated from the computer vision based method were practically comparable to the joint kinematics obtained by the surface marker-based method. The mean and standard deviation of the difference between the joint angles estimated by the computer vision based method and these obtained by the surface marker-based method was 2.31 ± 4.00°. One potential application of the proposed computer vision based marker-less method is to noninvasively assess 3D joint kinematics of industrial tasks such as lifting.     

计算机视觉技术在昆虫识别中的应用进展

介绍计算机视觉技术的定义,组成系统和发展状况,总结其在昆虫识别中的应用,指出目前存在的问题以及需要重点解决的关键技术．为今后的深入研究提出了一些建议和方向。     

计算机视觉技术在植物学中的应用

介绍计算机视觉技术的定义、组成系统和发展状况,总结其在植物学中的应用,指出目前存在的问题以及需要重点解决的关键技术,为今后的深入研究提出了一些建议和方向。     

Automatic counting of birds in a bird deterrence field trial

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