共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
王佃亮 《中国生物工程杂志》2014,34(11):125-129
组织工程产品包括人造皮肤、血管、软骨、骨、角膜、心脏瓣膜、气管、肌腱、韧带、神经、肌肉、骨髓、生殖道、尿道、肠、乳房、肝脏、肾脏、胰脏、心脏、膀胱、手等,但绝大部分处于实验室研究探索阶段,正在进行临床实验或批准应用还不多。已经获得批准的主要是皮肤产品、软骨及骨产品、心血管产品、神经系统产品、人工器官等,其临床应用较多。今后将会有越来越多的组织工程产品面世,其临床应用也会越来越广泛。 相似文献
2.
组织工程皮肤从概念提出至今技术发展迅速.本文对现有的组织工程皮肤进展展开论述,组织工程皮肤主要分3大类:由种子细胞和支架材料体外三维构建培养的组织工程皮肤、由细胞组成的组织工程化皮肤和由支架材料构成的组织工程化皮肤,根据其结构组成、形态或来源又分成2~3种,每种选1~3个代表具体描述.然后针对现有组织工程存在的再生修复性能不足、细胞来源受限、生产运输成本过高等技术问题进行分析讨论,同时就目前国家对该领域的管理办法进行了讨论和建议,并提出了组织工程皮肤的一些非移植性扩展应用.通过对组织工程皮肤领域技术成果的总结、技术问题与现有研究热点的讨论和未来前景的分析,希望能更好地促进该领域发展. 相似文献
3.
王佃亮 《中国生物工程杂志》2014,34(8):112-116
组织器官三维构建就是把种子细胞和支架材料结合而获得设计的组织或器官,属于组织工程的核心内容,也最能体现组织工程的技术水平,如血管、气管的构建。由于传统组织工程存在缺陷,Shimizu于1998年首先提出了原位组织工程的概念,它是运用组织工程学基本原理,通过各种方法诱导移植的外源性的种子细胞或内源性的缺损组织局部细胞发生迁移、增殖、分化形成新生组织修复缺损。原位组织工程最大的特点是不依赖体外的细胞培养装置--生物反应器。原位组织工程是传统离体组织工程的有益补充。离体组织工程仍具有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
4.
王佃亮 《中国生物工程杂志》2014,34(5):122-129
传统器官移植受到器官来源、伦理以及机体免疫排斥等方面的限制而难以满足临床治疗需要。为了应对不断的挑战,组织工程得以诞生和发展。最初组织工程的含义是联合使用细胞、支架材料和生物活性因子以促进组织的修复和再生方面的研究和应用,随着研究的深入组织工程的概念得到不断发展。现代组织工程学是一门利用工程学和生命科学的原理,研究和开发具有生物活性的人工替代物,以维持、恢复或提高人体受损组织的功能的交叉学科。自诞生20多年来,组织工程的发展大致经历了三个阶段。再生医学是现代临床医学的重要分支,与干细胞和组织工程具有密切的联系。组织工程是完美的组织器官再生,是再生医学的关键研究领域,体现了再生医学的主要发展方向。再生医学的理论和技术方法促进了组织工程的发展。 相似文献
5.
具有三维结构的支架材料是组织工程的核心内容之一。现有组织工程支架可分为天然生物材料、合成有机材料和无机材料三类。支架材料近年来研究十分活跃,不仅在组织工程的最早产品人工皮肤领域进行了更为完善的研究和开发,同时在诸如人工骨、软骨、神经、血管、皮肤、肝、脾、肾、膀胱等方面进行了大量研究和探索。与普通组织工程支架需要预先制备并在体外成型不同,近年来在骨和软骨组织工程实践中兴起的可注射支架具有许多优势,是未来组织工程支架发展的重要方向之一。 相似文献
6.
王佃亮 《中国生物工程杂志》2014,34(7):108-113
种子细胞也是组织工程的核心研究内容,获得足够数量和质量的种子细胞是开展体外组织工程的必要基础。用于组织工程的种子细胞必须具有形成新组织结构的能力,主要来源于自体、同种异体或异种,在具体应用时各有利弊。一些成体干细胞由于不存在伦理争议以及发育分化条件相对简单等优势是重要的种子细胞,包括造血干细胞、骨髓干细胞、神经干细胞、脂肪干细胞、皮肤干细胞。人胚胎干细胞及其组织工程要真正在临床医学中得到应用,还有很长的一段路要走。其他一些细胞也可以作为组织工程种子细胞,包括内皮细胞、上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、骨细胞、成骨细胞、角质细胞、前脂肪细胞、脂肪细胞、肌腱细胞等。这些细胞已分化,分裂能力有限,但仍应用于组织工程。理想的种子细胞具有一定标准。 相似文献
7.
近年来,组织工程角膜,尤其是组织工程角膜上皮和基质方面的研究取得了很大进展,在动物水平或临床应用中也取得了较好的治疗效果,但在标准化、眼表严重损伤的治疗效果和远期治疗评价等方面仍有一些重大科学问题尚未解决。本文对组织工程角膜的基础研究和临床应用情况进行介绍,并对存在的问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
8.
9.
临床上,各种原因造成的软骨缺损的修复始终是一大难题.组织工程软骨的出现,为软骨大范围缺损的修复与重建带来新的希望.组织工程软骨是由种子细胞、支架材料及生长因子构成的三维空间复合体.由于不同种子细胞的增殖及分化能力不同,选择合适的种子细胞是构建组织工程软骨所要解决的重点及难点.种子细胞在组织工程软骨的构建过程中起到关键作用,因此,探讨软骨种子细胞的来源对组织工程软骨的发展具有重要的意义. 相似文献
10.
目的:探讨骨膜来源成骨细胞(POB)和盖骨来源成骨细胞(COB)在构建组织工程骨中的黏附、增殖和分化能力.方法:研究分别选用人胚POB和COB为种子细胞,接种于生物衍生骨上,经过10天的体外培养,提取总RNA,经过逆转录成cDNA,采用实时定量PCR对目的基因成骨细胞特异转录因子(Cbfa1)、成骨细胞特异基因(osterix)、Ⅰ型胶原(ColI)、骨钙素(osteocalcin,OC)以及整合素Integfina5β1读取扩增循环数(cycle threshold,Ct).结果:在组织工程骨中,POB和COB对ColI、OC、Cbfal以及osterix的表达没有统计学意义的差别,Integrinα5β1的表达可见POB明显高于COB.结论:POB与COB在与生物衍生材料接触后,仍可保持终末的分化性状,三维孔隙结构促进成骨细胞迅速而活跃的完成增殖期.POB对生物衍生骨的粘附能力优于COB. 相似文献
11.
目的:评估骨碎补在促进软骨再生治疗中的价值及作用机制。方法:选取健康新西兰大耳白兔100只,采用随机数值表法随机分为5组,每组包含20只实验动物。A、B组:改建后进行肾上腺髓质素(adrenomedullin,ADM)移植;C组:自体骨髓充质干细胞(MSCs)复合,并进行改建ADM移植;D、E组:进行h IGF-1基因转染的MSCs复合,并改建ADM移植。B、C、E组实验动物结合喂养40%骨碎补汤,每只每日150ml,用药4周。A、D组不结合使用口服骨碎补汤。每组均在第4、8、12w时处死5只实验动物,切取关节软骨缺损部位并进行组织学观察,采用Masson三色染色法评估软骨细胞的形态变化,采用Wakitani组织学评分进行各组间形态学比较。结果:E组实验动物关节软骨的表面有比较完整的潮线,大部分比较光滑,变薄区可见零散的浅淡着色的纤维组织。在第4、8、12周,各组Wakitani组织学评分逐渐下降,但结合骨碎补的B、C、E三组下降更为显著(P0.05),说明骨碎补可显著改善软骨组织缺损。结论:采用中药骨碎补结合工程软骨可以显著提高家兔膝关节软骨缺损修复的质量,为临床使用骨碎补治疗软骨病变提供了重要的依据。 相似文献
12.
Georgeu GA Walbeehm ET Tillett R Afoke A Brown RA Phillips JB 《Cell and tissue research》2005,320(2):229-234
The mechanical architecture of rat sciatic nerve has been described as a central core surrounded by a sheath, although the way in which these structures contribute to the overall mechanical properties of the nerve is unknown. We have studied the retraction responses of the core and sheath following transection, together with their tensile properties and the interface between them. Nerves were harvested and maintained at their in situ tension and then either transected entirely, through the sheath only, or through an exposed section of the core. The retraction of each component was measured within 5 min and again after 45 min. Post mortem loss of retraction was tested 0 min or 60 min after excision. For fresh nerves, immediate retraction was 12.68% (whole nerve), 5.35% (sheath) and 4% (core), with a total retraction of 15%, 7.21% and 5.26% respectively. For stored nerves, immediate retraction was 5.33% (whole nerve) and 5.87% (sheath), with an extension of 0.78% for core, and a total retraction of 6.71% and 7.87% and an extension of 1.74%, respectively. Tensile extension and pullout force profiles were obtained for the sheath, the core and the interface between them. These showed a consistent hierarchy of break strengths that would, under increasing load, result in failure of the interface, then the core and finally the sheath. These data reflect the contributions of material tension and fluid swelling pressure to total retraction, and the involvement of an energy-dependent process that runs down rapidly post mortem. This study increases our understanding of the composite nature of peripheral nerve tissue architecture and quantifies the material properties of the distinct elements that contribute to overall mechanical function.Preliminary forms of this study were presented at: (1) British Matrix Biology Society Meeting, Manchester, March 2001; (2) Tissue and Cell Engineering Society Meeting, Keele, United Kingdom, September 2001.Financial support was provided by the EU framework 5 programme in neural tissue engineering (QLK3-CT-1999-00625). 相似文献
13.
Bioreactors for tissue engineering 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bioreactors are essential in tissue engineering, not only because they provide an in vitro environment mimicking in vivo conditions for the growth of tissue substitutes, but also because they enable systematic studies of the responses of living tissues to various mechanical and biochemical cues. The basic principles of bioreactor design are reviewed, the bioreactors commonly used for the tissue engineering of cartilage, bone and cardiovascular systems are assessed in terms of their performance and usefulness. Several novel bioreactor types are also reviewed. 相似文献
14.
A survey is given of the development of tissue banking in Estonia during40 years, in which we address methods of tissue preservation, application ofpreserved skeletal tissues in orthopaedics as well as issues of clinical andexperimental research in this area. Preparation and use of demineralized andmorselized bone allografts has been significant during the last ten years.Progress of endoprosthetic joint surgery has essentially increased the need forbone transplantation in orthopaedics. 相似文献
15.
Benz K Breit S Lukoschek M Mau H Richter W 《Biochemical and biophysical research communications》2002,293(1):284-292
This study is intended to optimise expansion and differentiation of cultured human chondrocytes by growth factor application and to identify molecular markers to monitor their differentiation state. We dissected the molecular consequences of matrix release, monolayer, and 3D-alginate culture, growth factor optimised expansion, and re-differentiation protocols by gene expression analysis. Among 19 common cartilage molecules assessed by cDNA array, six proved best to monitor differentiation. Instant down-regulation at release of cells from the matrix was strongest for COL 2A1, fibromodulin, and PRELP while LUM, CHI3L1, and CHI3L2 were expansion-related. Both gene sets reflected the physiologic effects of the most potent growth-inducing (PDGF-BB) and proteoglycan-inducing (BMP-4) factors. Only CRTAC1 expression correlated with 2D/3D switches while the molecular phenotype of native chondrocytes was not restored. The markers and optimised protocols we suggest can help to improve cell therapy of cartilage defects and chondrocyte differentiation from stem cell sources. 相似文献
16.
17.
In orthopedics, the regeneration and repair of cartilage or bone defects after trauma, cancer, or metabolic disorders is still a major clinical challenge. Through developmental plasticity, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSSCs) are important seed cells for the musculoskeletal tissue engineering approach. The present study sought to determine the ectopic osteogenic and chondrogenic ability of BMSSCs in combination with a scaffolding material made from alginate gel. After isolation from the bone marrow of BALB/C mice, BMSSCs were expanded in vitro and induced to chondrogenesis or osteogenesis for 14 days, respectively. Subsequently, these induced cells were seeded into alginate gel, and the constructs implanted into BALB/C nude mice subcutaneously for up to 8 weeks. In the histological analysis, the transmission electron microscopy of the retrieved specimens at various intervals showed obvious trends of ectopic cartilage or bone formation along with the alteration of the cellular phenotype. Simultaneously, the results of the immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR both confirmed the expression of specific extracellular matrix (ECM) markers for cartilaginous tissue, such as collagen type II (Col-II), SOX9, and aggrecan, or alternatively, markers for osteoid tissue, such as osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), and collagen type I (Col-I). During subcutaneous implantation, the elevating production of ECM and the initiation of the characteristic structure were closely correlated with the increase of time. In contrast, there was an apparent degradation and resorption of the scaffolding material in blank controls, but with no newly formed tissues. Finally, the constructs that were made of non-induced BMSSCs nearly disappeared during the 8 weeks after implantation. Therefore, it is suggested that alginate gel, which is combined with BMSSCs undergoing differentiation into skeletal lineages, may represent a useful strategy for the clinical reconstruction of bone and cartilage defects. 相似文献
18.
Liu Y Suwa F Wang X Takemura A Fang YR Li Y Zhao Y Jin Y 《Cell biology international》2007,31(9):985-990
The objective of this study was to establish a new method for reconstruction of a tissue-engineered skin containing melanocytes by employing tissue engineering. The keratinocytes, melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts were isolated and purified from human foreskin biopsies. Then the cells were used to construct a tissue-engineered skin containing melanocytes. The localization of melanocytes in the tissue-engineered skin was detected by DOPA staining, S-100 immunohistochemical staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the melanocytes could be detected in the basal layer of the constructed skin and the melanocytes showed dendritic morphology. Moreover the constructed skins were used to repair the athymic mice skin defects. Animal experiment results indicated that the skin equivalents could successfully repair full thickness skin defects in athymic mice and generated black skins by 6weeks after grafting. Melanocytes located in the basal layer of the athymic mice skin could also be detected by using the S-100 immunohistochemical staining. Our established method is useful to repair the full-thickness skin defects. 相似文献