蜂胶的抗炎作用及其机制研究进展

本文通过查阅近年来蜂胶抗炎活性研究的相关文献,对近年来蜂胶改善炎症效果以及蜂胶和部分抗炎药物之间的相互作用进行了综述,并通过分析蜂胶中抗炎活性成分对蜂胶抗炎的作用途径及机制进行了探讨。指出蜂胶的抗炎活性研究对于探讨蜂胶对心血管疾病、消化系统疾病以及内分泌系统疾病的治疗作用机制有着重要的意义,蜂胶和部分抗炎药物之间呈现的协同作用对于开发复方抗炎药物提供了理论基础。     

“核糖体失活蛋白抗艾滋病病毒活性及构效关系的研究”获2003年度云南省科学技术奖（自然科学类）二等奖

中国科学院昆明动物研究所郑永唐研究员主持的“核糖体失活蛋白抗艾滋病病毒活性及构效关系的研究”,利用分子生物学和病毒学等手段,系统研究了核糖体失活蛋白(RIP)抗人艾滋病病毒(HIV)活性,并对天花粉蛋白(TCS抗HIV活性的作用机制、构效关系进行了深入的研究。     

小檗碱的抗菌作用研究进展

小檗碱在临床上广泛运用于抗痢治疗,其抗菌作用被认为是其发挥抗痢作用的主要药理学机制.小檗碱的体内外抗茵活性明显,其抗茵机制可能涉及对多种酶蛋白活性抑制,肠毒素拮抗作用和抗粘附作用等机制.小檗碱的直接抗茵作用可能与其非特异性蛋白抑制作用有关.     

抗菌肽SMAP-29结构功能及分子设计策略

抗菌肽是生物体内产生的一种具有生物活性的小分子多肽,具有广谱抗细菌、抗病毒、抗真菌甚至抗癌作用。SMAP-29是来源于绵羊骨髓细胞,包含29个氨基酸的Cathelicidin类α-螺旋结构抗菌肽。SMAP-29具有多种生物活性,包括抗革兰氏阳/阴性菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗螺旋体、抗衣原体和中和内毒素活性,并且具有作用机制独特、快速杀灭细菌的特点。以下综述了SMAP-29抗菌肽家族的基因和蛋白结构、结构与活性关系、作用机制、生物功能、基因重组表达,重点阐述了SMAP-29结构、分子设计的必要性和基于     

石花菜和海蒿子提取物抗菌活性初步研究

采用圆形纸片法,对石花菜和海蒿子粗提取物及萃取得到的不同极性组分进行抗菌实验。结果表明,石花菜和海蒿子均有不同程度的抗菌作用,海蒿子粗取物的抗细菌活性强于抗真菌活性,而石花菜乙醇提取物抗黑曲霉活性大于抗大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及枯草杆菌活性,其抑菌圈可达4 mm。     

金樱子多糖的抑菌和抗炎作用研究

研究了金樱子多糖的抗菌活性和抗炎作用。实验表明:金樱子多糖具有一定的抑菌活性,如对大肠杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、白葡萄球菌以及金黄色葡萄球菌等均有较强的抑制作用;能抑制二甲苯引起小鼠的耳肿胀,与NS组比较有明显差异(P<0.01),具有一定的抗炎作用。     

多糖抗病毒作用研究进展Ⅱ.硫酸多糖机病毒作用

硫酸多糖的抗病毒活性,包括抗艾滋病毒ＨＩＶ－１活性在近年得以阐明。本文综述了硫酸多糖的抗病毒作用、抗病毒机理及其构效关系。硫酸多糖具有广阔的临床应用前景其抗值得深入研究。     

基于斑马鱼模型和动态分子对接技术探讨西洋参抗缺氧作用及潜在靶点CSCD

本研究利用斑马鱼模型和动态分子对接技术研究西洋参抗缺氧(hypoxia)的作用及潜在靶点。以AB系斑马鱼为实验动物,无水硫酸钠为造模剂诱导形成斑马鱼幼鱼缺氧模型,综合评价西洋参的抗缺氧作用。借助网络药理学技术筛选西洋参活性成分以及缺氧相关共有靶点;并使用STRING平台和Cytoscape 3.8.2软件构建蛋白-蛋白作用网络图,寻找西洋参抗缺氧可能的潜在靶点;利用动态分子对接技术验证活性成分与关键靶点的结合能力和稳定性。斑马鱼体内实验显示,西洋参提取物可明显增加斑马鱼在缺氧条件下的存活率,减轻因缺氧导致的神经行为状态(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性相关。共筛选获得西洋参7个潜在活性成分和5个抗缺氧潜在靶点;动态分子对接结果显示,西洋参关键活性成分与靶点之间有良好的结合能力,其中TNF、HSP90AA1与活性成分稳定结合,可能为西洋参抗缺氧的关键潜在靶点。综上,本实验建立的斑马鱼幼鱼抗缺氧模型可以快速简便地评价西洋参样品的抗缺氧活性,动态分子对接的结果显示该作用可能通过TNF以及HSP90AA1等靶点发挥作用,为后续西洋参抗缺氧机制研究提供了参考依据。     

多糖抗病毒作用研究进展Ⅱ.硫酸多糖抗病毒作用

硫酸多糖的抗病毒活性,包括抗艾滋病毒HIV1活性,在近年得以阐明。本文综述了硫酸多糖的抗病毒作用、抗病毒机理及其构效关系。硫酸多糖具有广阔的临床应用前景,其抗病毒作用值得深入研究。     

天然药物中抗HIV活性成分研究进展

天然产物往往具有独特的化学结构,是发现新药或药物先导物的重要途径之一.目前,从天然药物中发现了多种结构类型的具有抗HIV活性的化合物,如多糖类、生物碱类、香豆素类、黄酮类、木脂素类、醌类、酚酸类、萜类等,并且其作用机制并不局限于抑制逆转录酶或蛋白酶,可在HIV复制周期的各个环节发挥作用,本文按天然产物的结构类型进行归纳,综述了近年来源自天然药物的抗HIV活性成分研究进展,总结了的151个具有抗HIV活性的天然产物结构及其活性测试数据,以期为从天然化学成分中寻找、发现并研究开发有效的抗艾滋病药物提供线索.     

delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol suppresses macrophage extrinsic antiherpesvirus activity.

The effect of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component of marijuana, on macrophage intrinsic and extrinsic antiherpesvirus activities was examined. THC had no effect on the capacity of the macrophage-like cells RAW264.7, J774A.1, and P388D1 to take up virus. In addition, replication of virus within macrophages did not occur regardless of drug treatment, indicating that THC had no effect on macrophage intrinsic antiviral activity. In contrast, the cannabinoid exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of macrophage extrinsic antiviral activity. This activity describes that macrophage function by which these cells suppress virus replication within xenogeneic cells in an interferon-independent manner. The inhibitory effect of THC on extrinsic antiviral activity was greatest on RAW264.7 and J774A.1 cells, followed by P388D1 cells. These macrophage-like cells regained their extrinsic antiviral activity in a time-related fashion following removal of the drug. These results indicate that THC inhibits macrophage extrinsic antiherpesvirus activity, but has no effect on intrinsic antiviral activity. However, the suppressive effect of THC on extrinsic antiviral activity is reversible upon removal of the drug.     

The effect of progesterone on the activity-wheel running of ovariectomized rats

Progesterone treatment failed to significantly depress activity-wheel activity elicited by food deprivation in either ovariectomized or ovariectomized estrogen-treated rats. These results indicate: (1) that the lack of effect of progesterone on the activity of ovariectomized rats is not due only to their already low level of activity; and (2) that the depressant effect of progesterone on activity in the estrogen-treated ovariectomized rat is, to a large extent, a specific inhibition of estrogen facilitation of activity, rather than a nonspecific activity depressant effect.     

The change of template activity of dog kidney chromtin by polyene antibiotics in vivo and in vitro]

Effect of amphotericin B and nistatin on template activity of nuclear membrane-bound (DNPm) and free (DNPo) dog kidney chromatin after intravenous injections of antibiotics and after the incubation of isolated kidney cell nuclei with the antibiotics is studied. It is found that injections of amphotericin B and nistatin resulted in the increase of DNPo template activity in RNA polymerase system, the stimulating effect of nistatin being higher than that of amphotericin B. Injections of nistatine stimulated also template activity of DNPm, while amphotericin B produced no effect on DNPm. When studing the effect of polyene antibiotics on template activity of DNPo and DNPm in vitro, it is found that the intensity of RNA synthesis after incubation of isolated nuclei with antibiotics is considerably increased, and stimulating effect of nistatin is higher than of amphotericin B. Both antibiotics produced no effect on template activity of DNP in vitro. Thus, comparative analysis of changes in template activity of dog kidney chromatin under the effect of polyene antibiotics in vivo and in vitro has revealed the similarity of these drugs and draws to the conclusion that nistatin and amphotericin B produce a direct effect on template activity of chromatin.     

Differential effect of extracellular calcium on the Na(+)-K+ pump activity in intact polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes

The effect of extracellular calcium on the Na(+)-K+ pump activity in human polymorphonuclear leucocytes and erythrocytes was studied and compared with the activity in mixed peritoneal leucocytes from rats. While there was maximal decrease in the pump activity (25-30%) of leucocytes from both rat and human by calcium 0.6 mM, a concentration of 0.1 mM caused a substantial decrease indicating a high sensitivity for extracellular calcium. In contrast, calcium had no effect on the pump activity in erythrocytes. The effect of calcium on the pump activity in leucocytes may be due to regulation of the influx of sodium across the plasma membrane, since in human leucocytes calcium had no effect on the pump activity if the cells were loaded with sodium.     

Effects of some anticonvulsant drugs on brain GABA level and GAD and GABA-T activities

The effect of anticonvulsant drugs was examined on brain GABA levels and GAD and GABA-T activities. The level of GABA was increased by the treatment with diphenylhydantoin. The drug had no effect on GABA-T activity, whereas GAD activity was inhibited. Carbamazepine increased the GABA level but did not effect GAD and GABA-T activities. Diazepam had no effect on GABA level and GAD activity, whereas it caused a slight inhibition of GABA-T activity. Phenobarbital administration decreased GABA level only at the higher concentration. Clonazepam effected only GAD activity. Some anticonvulsant drugs generally increase brain GABA level; however the lack of correlation with an effect on the GAD and GABA-T activities indicate that other factors than metabolism, such as membrane transport processes, are involved in the mechanism of action of anticonvulsant drugs.     

Medullary expiratory activity: influence of intercostal tendon organs and muscle spindle endings

Studies were conducted to determine the effects of intercostal muscle spindle endings (MSEs) and tendon organs (TOs) on medullary expiratory activity in decerebrate cats. Impeded intercostal muscle contractions, elicited by electrical stimulation of the peripheral cut end of the T6 ventral root, were used to stimulate intercostal TOs without MSEs. Impeded contractions of the intercostal muscles augmented expiratory laryngeal motoneuron activity, and either had no effect on or reduced the activity of bulbospinal expiratory neurons. Vibration was used to stimulate intercostal MSEs. Intercostal MSEs had no effect on medullary expiratory neuron activity. It is concluded that both external and internal intercostal TOs have an excitatory effect on expiratory laryngeal motoneuron activity and an inhibitory effect on a subpopulation of expiratory neurons driving intercostal and/or abdominal muscles, and intercostal MSEs have no direct influence on medullary expiratory activity.     

Investigation of antitumor substance from Trichoderma

The effect of L-lysine-alpha-oxidase from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on the functional activity of T-lymphocytes was investigated. It was shown that in a dose of 35 units/kg administered parentally the enzyme had no suppressive effect on the T-lymphocyte functional activity. An inhibitory effect of L-lysine-a-oxidase on some indices of the macrophages functional activity was observed. L-Lyzine-alpha-oxidase had a selective lymphotropic action and showed no mytostatic activity, which is in favour of the enzyme vs. other antitumor agents.     

光质对石刁柏愈伤组织培养中生长和过氧化物酶的影响

报道了在石刁柏愈伤组织培养中,采用５种不同光质处理,对愈伤组织生长及其过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性及同工酶的影响,实验表明,不同光质处理对生长有不同的效应,蓝光、红光下的培养物生长较快。不同光质对培养物质的ＰＯＤ活性亦有不同效应,ＰＯＤ同工酶谱亦有不同,蓝光、红光下的培养物,ＰＯＤ活性较高。ＰＯＤ活性变化与愈伤组织生长呈正相关。     

脑室注射白细胞介素2抑制脾交感神经活动

本文应用电生理方法研究了中枢应用白细胞介素２对脾交感神经放电活动的影响。用ｕｒｅｔｈａｎｅ α－ｃｈｌｏｒａｌｏｓｅ麻醉Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠,第三脑室微量注射基因重组人ＩＬ－２３００Ｕ,观察到脾交感神经冲动数减少。在ＩＬ－２注射前后应用阿片受体阻断剂纳洛酮,均可阻断这种效应,但单独应用Ｎａｌ对脾神经兴奋性没有影响。实验中未观察到ＩＬ－２对体温和动脉血压的影响。说明ＩＬ－２抑制脾神经电活     

Pineal and Retinal Serotonin N-Acetyltransferase Activity: Modulation by Phosphate

Abstract: Serotonin N -acetytransferase (NAT) activity in chicken pineal homogenates is increased 16-fold in the presence of high-molarity phosphate buffer (0.35 m ) as compared with its activity in low-molarity (0.05 m ) phosphate buffer. This phosphate effect on NAT does not depend on ionic, osmotic, or pH changes; rather, it appears to be a direct effect of phosphate on NAT activity. Phosphate also stabilizes NAT activity to thermal inactivation and inactivation caused by incubation at 4°C for 48 h. Stimulation of NAT activity by phosphate occurs only in chick pineal and retina, not in chick cerebrum, cerebellum or liver, nor in rat pineal or other tissues tested. There is a correlation between the occurrence of the phosphate effect and the occurrence of endogenous NAT circadian rhythmicity and light inactivation. The effect of phosphate on NAT activity in homogenates may reflect physiological mechanisms of NAT regulation.