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1.
四种草本植物混播处理在西藏措那湖沙害区植被恢复中的表现 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在西藏措那湖沙害区采用不同物种搭配方式和混播比例对红豆草、紫花苜蓿(三得利)、披碱草、高羊茅进行播种,并在播种当年和第二年生长期结束后对生物量等特性进行分析,旨在找到适合在措那湖沙区植被恢复中可应用的适宜草种及最佳的种植方式。结果表明:1)播种当年混播方式对两种禾本科植物披碱草和高羊茅的株高、根长影响不显著,但会使两种豆科植物红豆草和紫花苜蓿的株高增加;2)混播方式对草地单位面积的生物量有明显的影响,豆禾草种混播处理中生物量会随着豆科植物比例的减小而增加,播种当年披碱草单播及披碱草+高羊茅(5∶5)的混播处理有较高的生物量,分别为(756.33±96.29) g/m~2、(720.25±35.63) g/m~2,次年披碱草单播及披碱草+高羊茅(7∶3)的处理总生物量最高分别为(832.13±124.71) g/m~2、(723.83±57.14) g/m~2;3)披碱草+高羊茅3个混播比例的处理两年中均表现出较高的盖度,其中播种当年披碱草+高羊茅(5∶5)的处理盖度最大为87%,次年盖度均达到60%以上;4)在高寒气候下的混播草种实验中,禾本科植物对草地恢复的贡献要明显大于豆科。 相似文献
2.
高寒地区白苞筋骨草对几种禾草的化感作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用青藏高原“黑土滩”次生毒杂草群落的优势植物——白苞筋骨草(Aerba lupulin)地上部分和地下部分水浸液,对青藏高原高寒地区4种禾草种子萌发、幼苗生长的抑制作用进行了分析。结果表明:白苞筋骨草地上部分水浸液对4种禾草种子萌发和幼苗生长具有显著抑制作用(P<0.05),地下部分水浸液的化感抑制作用不显著(P>0.05);4种牧草种子萌发对白苞筋骨草水浸提物敏感性强弱顺序为:垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)>老芒麦(E. sibiricus)>冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila)>中华羊茅 (Festuca sinensis),禾草幼苗生长对白苞筋骨草水浸液的敏感性强弱顺序为:垂穗披碱草>中华羊茅>老芒麦>冷地早熟禾;整体上,4种牧草对白苞筋骨草化感作用的敏感性强弱顺序为:垂穗披碱草>老芒麦>冷地早熟禾>中华羊茅;4种牧草幼苗生长对白苞筋骨草的水浸液敏感性弱于种子萌发。白苞筋骨草的化感抑制作用是高寒地区毒杂草在退化草地蔓延,并最终形成"黑土滩"次生毒杂草群落的一个因素。 相似文献
3.
为了明确物种组成、丰富度、播种密度和土壤养分对群落补偿效应的影响,以及群落补偿效应随时间的变化趋势,本文以青藏高原高寒草地常见物种垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)和羊茅(F.ovina)为材料,通过建植不同物种组合的单、混播草地,连续5年对不同群落的生产力进行了测定,结果表明:物种组成显著影响群落的补偿效应;在施肥情况下,物种丰富群落有较高的补偿效应;实验初期,随着播种密度的增加,群落补偿效应有降低趋势,但随着生长年限的增加,密度对补偿效应的影响变得不显著;施肥显著提高了群落的补偿效应;随着生长年限的延长,群落补偿效应有升高趋势。 相似文献
4.
划破草皮对高寒草甸植物多样性和生产力的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本研究探讨了高寒草甸在不同划破强度下植被组成、多样性、功能群和生产力的变化.结果表明:垂穗披碱草等对土壤通透性和资源空间要求较高的物种,竞争力随划破强度的增加而上升,而对土壤通透性和资源空间要求相对较低的物种则相反;轻度划破干扰对提高物种丰富度具有一定的促进作用,但多样性指数则总体上表现为随划破强度的增加而呈下降的趋势;划破干扰对植被功能群的影响表现为以垂穗披碱草为代表的禾草类组分随干扰强度的增加而显著上升,莎草类和杂类草组分随干扰强度的增加而显著下降;划破干扰对草地初级生产力的提升具有显著的促进作用,且可显著增加植物总量中优质牧草的比重;划破干扰可独立作为高寒草甸类草地恢复与改良的有效措施,在定向培育垂穗披碱草型割草场的技术组合中具有核心和基础性的地位. 相似文献
5.
甘南亚高山草甸人工草地的演替和质量变化 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
甘南亚高山草甸不同时间建立的垂穗披碱草(Elym us nutans)人工草地植物群落结构和草地质量变化及其原因的研究结果表明: 1. 垂穗披碱草人工草地只有在播种后第二年的产量最高,而草地质量指数IGQ (index ofgrassland quality)在七年生群落中最低; 2. 垂穗披碱草人工草地群落的种类数量和种多样性随年龄而增加,但其增加的模式各不相同; 3. 人工草地中垂穗披碱草地上部生物量的下降和草地质量指数的下降与土壤中速效磷含量的下降有关,而速效氮的含量对其影响不明显。因此,施磷可延长垂穗披碱草人工草地的使用寿命 相似文献
6.
以不同退化程度和采用不同恢复措施的垂穗披碱草人工草地为对象,通过野外调查和室内分析相结合的方法研究了各类草地垂穗披碱草克隆种群相关表型特征的差异,结果表明,随着人工草地建植年限的延长,草地退化渐趋严重,垂穗披碱草克隆种群相关表型参数显著降低.相比较而言,封育可以提高种群的有性繁殖能力,但施肥和补播措施可以显著提高垂穗披碱草种群的克隆生长,其株高、分株数以及株丛数显著增加,而有性繁殖能力相对降低.因此,针对藏北高原以垂穗披碱草为最主要建群种或单优种群的退化草地恢复,施肥和补播应为最有效措施. 相似文献
7.
科尔沁沙地15种禾本科植物种子萌发特性比较 总被引:22,自引:2,他引:20
在实验室条件下,观测了科尔沁沙地乌兰敖都地区禾本科植物当年新采种子的萌发特点.15种植物中,披碱草、糙隐子草、冠芒草、大油芒、芦苇、虎尾草、野古草、狼尾草的发芽率超过80%,水稗草、牛鞭草、虱子草、狗尾草的发芽率不足10%.1~3d开始发芽的植物有大油芒、画眉、芦苇、虎尾草、披碱草、冠芒草、毛马唐、糙隐子草.超过10d基本不发芽的植物包括狗尾草、虱子草、牛鞭草.发芽持续期小于10d的植物包括毛马唐、水稗草、芦苇、画眉草、大油芒;发芽持续期21~30d的植物有披碱草、冠芒草.发芽种子超过总发芽种子的50%需要天数为虎尾草2d,芦苇3d,大油芒4d,披碱草5d,糙隐子草5d,野古草7d,冠芒草7d,狼尾草10d.与英国Sheffield地区相比,乌兰敖都地区一年生禾草发芽率低的所占比重更大,发芽更为缓慢;乌兰敖都地区多年生禾草的发芽率差别很小,但发芽更为缓慢.杂草植物萌发的风险分摊能力相对明显,因此抗干扰能力相对较强. 相似文献
8.
《生态科学》2014,(2)
实验以青藏高原高寒草地常见物种垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、中华羊茅(Festuca sinensis)和羊茅(Festuca ovina)为材料,通过建植单、混播植物群落,及连续5年对其生产力的测定,来探索物种组成、丰富度、播种密度和土壤养分对群落选择效应的影响,以及群落选择效应随时间的变化趋势。结果表明:凡包含有垂穗披碱草物种的群落均有较高的选择效应,说明物种组成显著影响群落的选择效应;实验初期,群落选择效应随物种丰富度和播种密度的增大而升高;然而,随着生长年限的延长,物种丰富度和密度的效应却呈逐减弱趋势;施肥对群落选择效应的影响从最初的显著提高转变为影响不显著,到最后反而减弱了群落的选择效应;从群落成长过程来看,群落的选择效应值有逐渐减弱的趋势。 相似文献
9.
豆-禾混播是提高水土资源保持和利用效率、抑制土地退化和维持土壤健康的重要栽培措施。本实验以紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、紫花苜蓿+无芒雀麦、紫花苜蓿+羊草5种不同类型的人工草地为研究对象,以施氮水平为辅因素,通过对地上生物量、光合特性和土壤呼吸强度的比较研究,探明施氮条件下豆-禾混播草地群落动态及土壤呼吸日变化特征,以期为内蒙古东部地区人工草地合理建植与利用提供理论依据。结果表明:与苜蓿单播和羊草单播的生物量相比,混播对提高草地总体的生物量效果不显著;与苜蓿混播能在不同程度上提高禾本科牧草的净光合速率,其中无芒雀麦提升效果显著,3种牧草单播的净光合速率表现为紫花苜蓿无芒雀麦羊草;施氮提高了不同建植方式下人工草地的平均土壤呼吸强度;与苜蓿混播能显著提高禾草草地的土壤呼吸强度,且最高点一般出现在10:00—12:00。 相似文献
10.
典型草原常见牧草春季萌动期可溶性糖及内源激素动态研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在春季萌动期,分别对典型草原几种常见禾本科牧草老芒麦、披碱草、羊草、赖草和克氏针茅的幼芽和地下根系可溶性糖含量及内源激素动态变化规律进行研究.结果表明,高含量的GA和较低含量的ABA是根茎类禾草羊草和赖草春季萌动早的重要调控因子,而根系丰富的可溶性糖为根茎类禾草的萌动生长提供了物质基础;玉米素核苷动态变化趋势与根系可溶性糖含量动态相似,萌动初期呈下降趋势,4月底达到最低值,此后又逐渐上升;而内源激素IAA和GA的含量与牧草幼芽可溶性糖含量的变化趋势一致,均呈逐渐上升趋势;根茎类禾草羊草和赖草与须根系禾草老芒麦和披碱草之间幼芽的GA和ABA水平以及根系可溶性糖含量差异明显. 相似文献
11.
Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m−2 s−1 . It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to Pfr . 相似文献
12.
通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一. 相似文献
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14.
真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。
Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching. 相似文献
15.
M. V. Kozlov V. V. Urnysheva L. N. Shishkina 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2008,44(4):470-475
A complex analysis of seasonal fluctuations of the mean group parameters of the system of regulation of lipid peroxidation has been performed in liver of Balb/c mice. Association of lipid characteristics and morphophysiological parameters is studied in the Balb/c mouse liver. An inter-connection is revealed between the liver index and the amount of lysoforms of phospholipids, the scale and character of the interconnection differing essentially depending on proportion of phos-phatidylcholine in mouse liver phospholipids. 相似文献
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17.
Seven strains of aerobic carbon monoxide-oxidizing bacteria (carboxydebacteria) when growing on CO as sole source of carbon and energy had doubling times which ranged from 12–42 h. The activity profiles obtained after discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation indicated that the CO-oxidizing enzymes are soluble and the hydrogenases are membrane-bound in all strains examined. The CO-oxidizing enzymes of Pseudomonas carboxydohydrogena, Pseudomonas carboxydoflava, Comamonas compransoris, and the so far unidentified strains OM2, OM3, and OM4 had a molecular weight of 230,000; that of Achromobacter carboxydus amounted to 170,000. The molecular weights of the CO-oxidizing and H2-oxidizing enzymes turned out to be identical. The cell sonicates were shown to catalyze the oxidation of both CO and H2 with methylene blue, thionine, phenazine methosulfate, toluylene blue, dichlorophenolindophenol, cytochrome c or ferricyanide as electron acceptors. Methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, FAD+, FMN+, and NAD(P)+ were not reduced. The spectrum of electron acceptors was identical for all strains tested. Neither free formate, hydrogen nor oxygen gas were involved in the CO-oxidation reaction. Methylene blue was reduced by CO at a 1:1 molar ratio. The results indicate that CO-oxidation by carboxydobacteria is catalyzed by identical or similar enzymes and that the reaction obeys the equation CO+H2OCO2+2H++2e- as previously shown for Pseudomonas carboxydovorans.Dedicated to Otto Kandler remembering almost three decades of enjoyable cooperation 相似文献
18.
Lee JC 《Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica》2008,40(7):663-669
Since the introduction of the concepts of allostery about four decades ago, much advancement has been made in elucidating the structure-function correlation in allostery. However, there are still a number of issues that remain unresolved. In this review we used mammalian pyruvate kinase (PK) as a model system to understand the role of protein dynamics in modulating cooperativity. PK has a triosephosphate isomerase (TIM)(α/β)8 barrel structural motif. PK is an ideal system to address basic questions regarding regulatory mechanisms about this common (α/β)8 structural motif. The simplest model accounting for all of the solution thermodynamic and kinetic data on ligand-enzyme interactions involves two conformational states, inactive ET and active ER . These conformational states are represented by domain movements. Further studies provide the first evidence for a differential effect of ligand binding on the dynamics of the structural elements, not major secondary structural changes. These data are consistent with our model that allosteric regulation of PK is the consequence of perturbation of the distribution of an ensemble of states in which the inactive ET and active ER represent the two extreme end states. Sequence differences and ligands can modulate the distribution of states leading to alterations of functions. The future work includes: defining the network of functionally connected residues; elucidating the chemical principles governing the sequence differences which affect functions; and probing the nature of mutations on the stability of the secondary structural elements, which in turn modulate allostery. 相似文献
19.
(鱼句)亚科花(鱼骨)型鱼类骨骼系统的比较 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对我国花型Hemibarbuspattern鱼类作了骨骼系统比较,结果表明,此类型鱼类脑颅较长,副蝶骨平直或稍弯曲,眶蝶骨腹纵嵴发达(铜鱼Coreius septentrionalis例外),下颞窝和咽突中等大,基枕骨后突发达;脑颅中的上筛骨的后突、侧筛骨的外筛突,蝶耳骨的外突、上耳骨的后突、围眶骨和后颞窝等均有明显的差异;咽颅中的舌颌骨、尾舌骨、鳃盖骨和下咽齿的列数等又有显著的区别;附肢骨骼中的腰带骨、脊椎骨中的复合神经骨和第4椎骨腹侧的悬器等也有不同之处。据此,这些差异和区别可作为属间或种间的分类依据。 相似文献
20.
Time of detection of recessive genes: effects of system of mating and number of examined individuals
E. Santiago 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1989,78(6):867-872
Summary Anthers were cultured from two sets of seven lines of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with different cytoplasms, the euplasmic nucleus donors, Siete Cerros 66 and Penjamo 62, as well as their six alloplasmic lines derived from wild relative species of the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Significant cytoplasmic and nuclear effects but no cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction were found for embryogenic anther response, with the best performance of Penjamo 62 in Ae. kotschyi cytoplasm. Plant regeneration was not affected significantly by the cytoplasmic background of the lines cultured. The possible genetic implications of the observed cytoplasmic and nuclear influences on the in vitro haploid induction of wheat are discussed. 相似文献